Abstract
Since the status of C. jambhiri is “rare” and C. aurantifolia is endowed with folk medicinal properties, our study aimed at producing true-to-type seedlings for further conservation by using PGRs, ferrous sulfate, and casein hydrolysate in MS medium to induce in vitro germination and “callus” formation from seeds of C. jambhiri Lush. It also focused on evaluation of suitable species and the best type of explant for organogenesis. The present study was undertaken to develop an efficient micropropagation protocol for C. jambhiri Lush. and C. aurantifolia. The frequency of callus induction increased to its maximum when 2.0 mg/L 2,4-D and 1.0 mg/L picloram were added individually. The calli derived from 2,4-D exhibited maximum regeneration potentiality. In addition, sucrose (30 g/L), dextrose (60 g/L), and coconut water (10 mL/L and 15 mL/L) also enhanced callus induction. Regarding heavy metals, 100 ppm of Fe2SO4 exhibited maximum germination percentage (84.33%) from seeds of C. jambhiri Lush. However, maximum callus induction (50.00%) was induced from the seeds of C. aurantifolia incubated in Fe2SO4 (400 ppm). The maximum number of shoots per callus was produced (5.13) with the addition of 200 mg/L casein hydrolysate in the callus-induction medium. Pearson correlation analysis revealed a positive and significant association of the number of plantlets/calluses with shoot length and regeneration percentage, respectively. It was phenotypically observed that the tissue culture traits performed better from explants derived from C. jambhiri Lush. than C. aurantifolia when subjected to varying concentrations of PGRs, carbon sources, organic adjuvants, and heavy metals, respectively.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
A 2.0 mg/L 2,4-D plus 1.0 mg/L picloram treatment maximized the frequency of callus induction in Citrus explants.
- Taxon
- Citrus jambhiri and Citrus aurantifolia
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Citrus jambhiri.jpg?width=60)
Citrus ×aurantiifoliat0 - Treatment
- 2.0 mg/L 2,4-D and 1.0 mg/L piclorame1
- Outcome
- frequency of callus inductione1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Woody Citrus of Northeast India (Citrus jambhiri and Citrus aurantifolia)”
e1“The frequency of callus induction increased to its maximum when 2.0 mg/L 2,4-D and 1.0 mg/L picloram were added individually”
Claim · model-written summary
Calli derived from 2,4-D showed the maximum regeneration potential in Citrus.
- Taxon
- Citrus jambhiri and Citrus aurantifoliaCitrus jambhiriCitrus ×aurantiifoliat0
- Treatment
- 2,4-De2
- Outcome
- regeneration potentialitye2
- Direction
- maximume2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Woody Citrus of Northeast India (Citrus jambhiri and Citrus aurantifolia)”
e2“The calli derived from 2,4-D exhibited maximum regeneration potentiality”
Claim · model-written summary
Sucrose at 30 g/L enhanced callus induction in Citrus.
- Taxon
- Citrus jambhiri and Citrus aurantifoliaCitrus jambhiriCitrus ×aurantiifoliat0
- Treatment
- sucrose (30 g/L)e3
- Outcome
- callus inductione3
- Direction
- enhancede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Woody Citrus of Northeast India (Citrus jambhiri and Citrus aurantifolia)”
e3“sucrose (30 g/L), dextrose (60 g/L), and coconut water (10 mL/L and 15 mL/L) also enhanced callus induction”
Claim · model-written summary
Dextrose at 60 g/L enhanced callus induction in Citrus.
- Taxon
- Citrus jambhiri and Citrus aurantifoliaCitrus jambhiriCitrus ×aurantiifoliat0
- Treatment
- dextrose (60 g/L)e3
- Outcome
- callus inductione3
- Direction
- enhancede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Woody Citrus of Northeast India (Citrus jambhiri and Citrus aurantifolia)”
e3“sucrose (30 g/L), dextrose (60 g/L), and coconut water (10 mL/L and 15 mL/L) also enhanced callus induction”
Claim · model-written summary
Coconut water at 10 and 15 mL/L enhanced callus induction in Citrus.
- Taxon
- Citrus jambhiri and Citrus aurantifoliaCitrus jambhiriCitrus ×aurantiifoliat0
- Treatment
- coconut water (10 mL/L and 15 mL/L)e3
- Outcome
- callus inductione3
- Direction
- enhancede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Woody Citrus of Northeast India (Citrus jambhiri and Citrus aurantifolia)”
e3“sucrose (30 g/L), dextrose (60 g/L), and coconut water (10 mL/L and 15 mL/L) also enhanced callus induction”
Claim · model-written summary
A 100 ppm Fe2SO4 treatment gave the maximum germination percentage (84.33%) of Citrus jambhiri seeds.
- Taxon
- C. jambhiriCitrus jambhirie4
- Treatment
- 100 ppm of Fe2SO4e4
- Outcome
- germination percentagee4
- Direction
- maximume4
- Value
- 84.33%e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Woody Citrus of Northeast India (Citrus jambhiri and Citrus aurantifolia)”
e4“Regarding heavy metals, 100 ppm of Fe2SO4 exhibited maximum germination percentage (84.33%) from seeds of C. jambhiri Lush”
Claim · model-written summary
A 400 ppm Fe2SO4 treatment gave the maximum callus induction (50.00%) from Citrus aurantifolia seeds.
- Taxon
- C. aurantifoliaCitrus ×aurantiifoliae5
- Treatment
- Fe2SO4 (400 ppm)e5
- Outcome
- callus inductione5
- Direction
- maximume5
- Value
- 50.00%e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Woody Citrus of Northeast India (Citrus jambhiri and Citrus aurantifolia)”
e5“maximum callus induction (50.00%) was induced from the seeds of C. aurantifolia incubated in Fe2SO4 (400 ppm)”
Claim · model-written summary
Addition of 200 mg/L casein hydrolysate to the callus-induction medium gave the maximum number of shoots per callus (5.13) in Citrus.
- Taxon
- Citrus jambhiri and Citrus aurantifoliaCitrus jambhiriCitrus ×aurantiifoliat0
- Treatment
- 200 mg/L casein hydrolysatee6
- Outcome
- number of shoots per calluse6
- Direction
- maximume6
- Value
- 5.13e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Woody Citrus of Northeast India (Citrus jambhiri and Citrus aurantifolia)”
e6“The maximum number of shoots per callus was produced (5.13) with the addition of 200 mg/L casein hydrolysate in the callus-induction medium”
Claim · model-written summary
The number of plantlets per callus was positively and significantly associated with shoot length in Citrus tissue culture.
- Taxon
- Citrus jambhiri and Citrus aurantifoliaCitrus jambhiriCitrus ×aurantiifoliat0
- Organ / stage
- plantlets/callusese7
- Outcome
- shoot lengthe7
- Direction
- positivee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Woody Citrus of Northeast India (Citrus jambhiri and Citrus aurantifolia)”
e7“a positive and significant association of the number of plantlets/calluses with shoot length and regeneration percentage, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The number of plantlets per callus was positively and significantly associated with regeneration percentage in Citrus tissue culture.
- Taxon
- Citrus jambhiri and Citrus aurantifoliaCitrus jambhiriCitrus ×aurantiifoliat0
- Organ / stage
- plantlets/callusese7
- Outcome
- regeneration percentagee7
- Direction
- positivee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Woody Citrus of Northeast India (Citrus jambhiri and Citrus aurantifolia)”
e7“a positive and significant association of the number of plantlets/calluses with shoot length and regeneration percentage, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Tissue culture traits performed better from explants of C. jambhiri than from C. aurantifolia.
- Taxon
- C. jambhiriCitrus jambhirie0
- Organ / stage
- explantse0
- Outcome
- tissue culture traitse0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- C. aurantifoliae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It was phenotypically observed that the tissue culture traits performed better from explants derived from C. jambhiri Lush. than C. aurantifolia”
The same questions in other papers
sucrose · growth · Citrus jambhiri (rough lemon)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
2,4-D · growth · Citrus jambhiri (rough lemon)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.