Abstract
Abstract Nanotechnology is a fast-growing field with diverse applications in various disciplines. Based on the applications in diverse fields and the medicinal significance, R. roseum was phytochemically investigated and was used for the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs). Biosynthesized NPs were characterized using UV spectrophotometry (UV), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscope (SEM), and used in antioxidant, antibacterial, and seed nano priming activities. Antibacterial activity was observed against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus aureus, with the maximum zone of inhibition recorded against S. aureus (23 mm ± 0.57) at 1000 µg/ml. ZnO-NPs exhibited the highest antioxidant activity (75.2%) at 100 µg/mL in comparison with the standard (ascorbic acid), which showed 79% activity at the same concentration. The IC50 value of R. roseum -mediated ZnO-NPs obtained was 35.79 at a 20 µg/mL ZnO-NP concentration. Seed priming with R. roseum -mediated ZnO NPs markedly enhanced maize growth, with the highest performance recorded at 200 ppm, yielding 3.33 ± 0.40 g fresh weight, 3.20 ± 0.1 g dry weight, and 6 ± 1 leaves. At this concentration, seedlings also exhibited increased root (13.5 ± 0.57 mm) and shoot length (12.6 ± 0.57 cm) along with elevated chlorophyll content (34.9 ± 4.57), indicating significant improvement in physiological attributes. Compared to the control, nanoparticle treatment at 50 µg/mL increased peroxidase activity from 18.4 to 31.3 U mg⁻ 1 protein, superoxide dismutase from 22.6 to 36.9 U mg⁻ 1 protein, and catalase from 15.2 to 27.8 U mg⁻ 1 protein. In conclusion, green-synthesized ZnO-NPs are effective and can be utilized in agriculture, biomedical, and other fields.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Seed priming with R. roseum-mediated ZnO NPs changed maize fresh weight (3.33 ± 0.40 g).
- Treatment
- Seed priming with R. roseum -mediated ZnO NPse0
- Outcome
- fresh weighte0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 3.33 ± 0.40 ge0
- Qualifier
- 200 ppme0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed priming with R. roseum -mediated ZnO NPs markedly enhanced maize growth, with the highest performance recorded at 200 ppm, yielding 3.33 ± 0.40 g fresh weight, 3.20 ± 0.1 g dry weight, and 6 ± 1 leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed priming with R. roseum-mediated ZnO NPs changed maize dry weight (3.20 ± 0.1 g).
- Treatment
- Seed priming with R. roseum -mediated ZnO NPse0
- Outcome
- dry weighte0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 3.20 ± 0.1 ge0
- Qualifier
- 200 ppme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed priming with R. roseum -mediated ZnO NPs markedly enhanced maize growth, with the highest performance recorded at 200 ppm, yielding 3.33 ± 0.40 g fresh weight, 3.20 ± 0.1 g dry weight, and 6 ± 1 leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed priming with R. roseum-mediated ZnO NPs changed maize leaves (6 ± 1).
- Treatment
- Seed priming with R. roseum -mediated ZnO NPse0
- Outcome
- leavese0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 6 ± 1e0
- Qualifier
- 200 ppme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed priming with R. roseum -mediated ZnO NPs markedly enhanced maize growth, with the highest performance recorded at 200 ppm, yielding 3.33 ± 0.40 g fresh weight, 3.20 ± 0.1 g dry weight, and 6 ± 1 leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed priming with R. roseum-mediated ZnO NPs changed maize root (13.5 ± 0.57 mm).
- Treatment
- Seed priming with R. roseum -mediated ZnO NPse0
- Outcome
- roote1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 13.5 ± 0.57 mme1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed priming with R. roseum -mediated ZnO NPs markedly enhanced maize growth, with the highest performance recorded at 200 ppm, yielding 3.33 ± 0.40 g fresh weight, 3.20 ± 0.1 g dry weight, and 6 ± 1 leaves”
e1“At this concentration, seedlings also exhibited increased root (13.5 ± 0.57 mm) and shoot length (12.6 ± 0.57 cm) along with elevated chlorophyll content (34.9 ± 4.57), indicating significant improvement in physiological attributes”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed priming with R. roseum-mediated ZnO NPs changed maize shoot length (12.6 ± 0.57 cm).
- Treatment
- Seed priming with R. roseum -mediated ZnO NPse0
- Outcome
- shoot lengthe1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 12.6 ± 0.57 cme1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed priming with R. roseum -mediated ZnO NPs markedly enhanced maize growth, with the highest performance recorded at 200 ppm, yielding 3.33 ± 0.40 g fresh weight, 3.20 ± 0.1 g dry weight, and 6 ± 1 leaves”
e1“At this concentration, seedlings also exhibited increased root (13.5 ± 0.57 mm) and shoot length (12.6 ± 0.57 cm) along with elevated chlorophyll content (34.9 ± 4.57), indicating significant improvement in physiological attributes”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed priming with R. roseum-mediated ZnO NPs changed maize chlorophyll content (34.9 ± 4.57).
- Treatment
- Seed priming with R. roseum -mediated ZnO NPse0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente1
- Direction
- elevatede1
- Value
- 34.9 ± 4.57e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed priming with R. roseum -mediated ZnO NPs markedly enhanced maize growth, with the highest performance recorded at 200 ppm, yielding 3.33 ± 0.40 g fresh weight, 3.20 ± 0.1 g dry weight, and 6 ± 1 leaves”
e1“At this concentration, seedlings also exhibited increased root (13.5 ± 0.57 mm) and shoot length (12.6 ± 0.57 cm) along with elevated chlorophyll content (34.9 ± 4.57), indicating significant improvement in physiological attributes”
Claim · model-written summary
Nanoparticle treatment at 50 µg/mL increased peroxidase activity in maize seedlings compared with control.
- Treatment
- nanoparticle treatment at 50 µg/mLe2
- Outcome
- peroxidase activitye2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- from 18.4 to 31.3 U mg⁻ 1 proteine2
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed priming with R. roseum -mediated ZnO NPs markedly enhanced maize growth, with the highest performance recorded at 200 ppm, yielding 3.33 ± 0.40 g fresh weight, 3.20 ± 0.1 g dry weight, and 6 ± 1 leaves”
e2“Compared to the control, nanoparticle treatment at 50 µg/mL increased peroxidase activity from 18.4 to 31.3 U mg⁻ 1 protein, superoxide dismutase from 22.6 to 36.9 U mg⁻ 1 protein, and catalase from 15.2 to 27.8 U mg⁻ 1 protein”
Claim · model-written summary
Nanoparticle treatment at 50 µg/mL increased superoxide dismutase in maize seedlings compared with control.
- Treatment
- nanoparticle treatment at 50 µg/mLe2
- Outcome
- superoxide dismutasee2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- from 22.6 to 36.9 U mg⁻ 1 proteine2
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed priming with R. roseum -mediated ZnO NPs markedly enhanced maize growth, with the highest performance recorded at 200 ppm, yielding 3.33 ± 0.40 g fresh weight, 3.20 ± 0.1 g dry weight, and 6 ± 1 leaves”
e2“Compared to the control, nanoparticle treatment at 50 µg/mL increased peroxidase activity from 18.4 to 31.3 U mg⁻ 1 protein, superoxide dismutase from 22.6 to 36.9 U mg⁻ 1 protein, and catalase from 15.2 to 27.8 U mg⁻ 1 protein”
Claim · model-written summary
Nanoparticle treatment at 50 µg/mL increased catalase in maize seedlings compared with control.
- Treatment
- nanoparticle treatment at 50 µg/mLe2
- Outcome
- catalasee2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- from 15.2 to 27.8 U mg⁻ 1 proteine2
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed priming with R. roseum -mediated ZnO NPs markedly enhanced maize growth, with the highest performance recorded at 200 ppm, yielding 3.33 ± 0.40 g fresh weight, 3.20 ± 0.1 g dry weight, and 6 ± 1 leaves”
e2“Compared to the control, nanoparticle treatment at 50 µg/mL increased peroxidase activity from 18.4 to 31.3 U mg⁻ 1 protein, superoxide dismutase from 22.6 to 36.9 U mg⁻ 1 protein, and catalase from 15.2 to 27.8 U mg⁻ 1 protein”
Claim · model-written summary
Green-synthesized R. roseum ZnO NPs at 100 µg/mL reached 75.2% antioxidant activity, below the ascorbic acid standard at 79%.
- Taxon
- Rhodobryum roseum
Rhodobryum roseumt0 - Outcome
- antioxidant activitye3
- Value
- 75.2%e3
- Qualifier
- 79%e3
- Comparator
- standard (ascorbic acid)e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Green synthesis of Rhodobryum roseum-mediated ZnO nanoparticles”
e3“ZnO-NPs exhibited the highest antioxidant activity (75.2%) at 100 µg/mL in comparison with the standard (ascorbic acid), which showed 79% activity at the same concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
R. roseum ZnO NPs at 1000 µg/ml gave a maximum inhibition zone of 23 mm against Staphylococcus aureus.
- Taxon
- Rhodobryum roseumRhodobryum roseumt0
- Interactor
- S. aureus
Staphylococcus aureuse4other - Outcome
- zone of inhibitione4
- Value
- 23 mm ± 0.57e4
- Qualifier
- 1000 µg/mle4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Green synthesis of Rhodobryum roseum-mediated ZnO nanoparticles”
e4“Antibacterial activity was observed against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus aureus, with the maximum zone of inhibition recorded against S. aureus (23 mm ± 0.57) at 1000 µg/ml”
Claim · model-written summary
R. roseum-mediated ZnO NPs had an IC50 of 35.79 at 20 µg/mL.
- Taxon
- Rhodobryum roseumRhodobryum roseumt0
- Outcome
- IC50 valuee5
- Value
- 35.79e5
- Qualifier
- 20 µg/mLe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Green synthesis of Rhodobryum roseum-mediated ZnO nanoparticles”
e5“The IC50 value of R. roseum -mediated ZnO-NPs obtained was 35.79 at a 20 µg/mL ZnO-NP concentration”
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