Abstract
Nitrogen is a critical macronutrient for plant growth including As-hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata . Being common N fertilizers, both NO 3 ⁻ and NH 4 + enhance As accumulation in P. vittata , but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Based on 0.2-strength Hoagland nutrient solution (0.2X HNS, NO 3 ⁻ /NH 4 + = 2.8 mM/0.2 mM), we investigated the impacts of 3.0 mM NO 3 ⁻ or NH 4 + by growing P. vittata in sand-vermiculite culture for 7 weeks under 50 µM As exposure. Besides plant growth and nutrient uptake, we determined As speciation (arsenate-AsV and arsenite-AsIII), N assimilation and As-metabolism gene expression in P. vittata . Though 0.2X HNS control produced greater plant biomass, NO 3 ⁻ and NH 4 + treatments increased frond As and P contents by 89–113 and 39–76%. While NO 3 ⁻ enhanced N assimilation via nitrate reductase, glutamine synthetase, and free amino acids by 61–157%, 24–65%, and 1.6–5.7 fold, the corresponding increases for NH 4 + treatment were 28–125%, 23%, and 2.8-fold. Although both NH 4 + and NO 3 ⁻ promoted greater As/P uptake and translocation associated with 1.3–2.4 fold upregulation of P-transporters PvPht1;2/1;4 and AsIII-antiporter PvACR3;1 , NO 3 ⁻ showed greater arsenate reduction and detoxification via 1.4–2.1 fold upregulation of AsV-reductase PvHAC1 and AsIII-antiporters PvACR3/3;2 . Overall, NO 3 ⁻ is more effective than NH 4 + in enhancing As accumulation in P. vittata , which is related to improved N assimilation and As metabolism. This study suggests potential application of NO 3 ⁻ to improve phytoremediation of As-contaminated sites based on P. vittata .
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Plant biomass was greater in the 0.2X HNS control than in P. vittata treated with 3.0 mM NO3- or NH4+.
- Taxon
- Pteris vittata
Pteris vittatat0 - Treatment
- 3.0 mM NO 3 ⁻ or NH 4 +e1
- Outcome
- plant biomasse2
- Direction
- lowerinferrede2
- Comparator
- 0.2X HNS controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pteris vittata”
e0“0.2X HNS control”
e1“3.0 mM NO 3 ⁻ or NH 4 + by growing P. vittata”
e2“Though 0.2X HNS control produced greater plant biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
NO3- and NH4+ treatments increased frond As content by 89-113% relative to the 0.2X HNS control.
- Taxon
- Pteris vittataPteris vittatat0
- Treatment
- NO 3 ⁻ and NH 4 + treatmentse0
- Outcome
- frond Ase0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 89–113e0
- Comparator
- 0.2X HNS controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pteris vittata”
e0“Though 0.2X HNS control produced greater plant biomass, NO 3 ⁻ and NH 4 + treatments increased frond As and P contents by 89–113 and 39–76%”
Claim · model-written summary
NO3- and NH4+ treatments increased frond P content by 39-76% relative to the 0.2X HNS control.
- Taxon
- Pteris vittataPteris vittatat0
- Treatment
- NO 3 ⁻ and NH 4 + treatmentse0
- Outcome
- P contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 39–76%e0
- Comparator
- 0.2X HNS controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pteris vittata”
e0“Though 0.2X HNS control produced greater plant biomass, NO 3 ⁻ and NH 4 + treatments increased frond As and P contents by 89–113 and 39–76%”
Claim · model-written summary
NO3- enhanced N assimilation via nitrate reductase by 61-157%.
- Taxon
- Pteris vittataPteris vittatat0
- Treatment
- NO 3 ⁻e1
- Gene
- nitrate reductasee1
- Outcome
- nitrate reductasee1
- Direction
- enhancede1
- Value
- 61–157%e1
- Comparator
- 0.2X HNS controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pteris vittata”
e0“0.2X HNS control”
e1“NO 3 ⁻ enhanced N assimilation via nitrate reductase, glutamine synthetase, and free amino acids by 61–157%, 24–65%, and 1.6–5.7 fold, the corresponding increases for NH 4 + treatment were 28–125%, 23%, and 2.8-fold”
Claim · model-written summary
NO3- enhanced glutamine synthetase by 24-65%.
- Taxon
- Pteris vittataPteris vittatat0
- Treatment
- NO 3 ⁻e1
- Gene
- glutamine synthetasee1
- Outcome
- glutamine synthetasee1
- Direction
- enhancede1
- Value
- 24–65%e1
- Comparator
- 0.2X HNS controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pteris vittata”
e0“0.2X HNS control”
e1“NO 3 ⁻ enhanced N assimilation via nitrate reductase, glutamine synthetase, and free amino acids by 61–157%, 24–65%, and 1.6–5.7 fold, the corresponding increases for NH 4 + treatment were 28–125%, 23%, and 2.8-fold”
Claim · model-written summary
NO3- increased free amino acids by 1.6-5.7 fold.
- Taxon
- Pteris vittataPteris vittatat0
- Treatment
- NO 3 ⁻e1
- Outcome
- free amino acidse1
- Direction
- enhancede1
- Value
- 1.6–5.7 folde1
- Comparator
- 0.2X HNS controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pteris vittata”
e0“0.2X HNS control”
e1“NO 3 ⁻ enhanced N assimilation via nitrate reductase, glutamine synthetase, and free amino acids by 61–157%, 24–65%, and 1.6–5.7 fold, the corresponding increases for NH 4 + treatment were 28–125%, 23%, and 2.8-fold”
Claim · model-written summary
NH4+ treatment increased nitrate reductase by 28-125%.
- Taxon
- Pteris vittataPteris vittatat0
- Treatment
- NH 4 + treatmente1
- Gene
- nitrate reductasee1
- Outcome
- nitrate reductasee1
- Direction
- increasese1
- Value
- 28–125%e1
- Comparator
- 0.2X HNS controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pteris vittata”
e0“0.2X HNS control”
e1“NO 3 ⁻ enhanced N assimilation via nitrate reductase, glutamine synthetase, and free amino acids by 61–157%, 24–65%, and 1.6–5.7 fold, the corresponding increases for NH 4 + treatment were 28–125%, 23%, and 2.8-fold”
Claim · model-written summary
NH4+ treatment increased glutamine synthetase by 23%.
- Taxon
- Pteris vittataPteris vittatat0
- Treatment
- NH 4 + treatmente1
- Gene
- glutamine synthetasee1
- Outcome
- glutamine synthetasee1
- Direction
- increasese1
- Value
- 23%e1
- Comparator
- 0.2X HNS controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pteris vittata”
e0“0.2X HNS control”
e1“NO 3 ⁻ enhanced N assimilation via nitrate reductase, glutamine synthetase, and free amino acids by 61–157%, 24–65%, and 1.6–5.7 fold, the corresponding increases for NH 4 + treatment were 28–125%, 23%, and 2.8-fold”
Claim · model-written summary
NH4+ treatment increased free amino acids by 2.8-fold.
- Taxon
- Pteris vittataPteris vittatat0
- Treatment
- NH 4 + treatmente1
- Outcome
- free amino acidse1
- Direction
- increasese1
- Value
- 2.8-folde1
- Comparator
- 0.2X HNS controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pteris vittata”
e0“0.2X HNS control”
e1“NO 3 ⁻ enhanced N assimilation via nitrate reductase, glutamine synthetase, and free amino acids by 61–157%, 24–65%, and 1.6–5.7 fold, the corresponding increases for NH 4 + treatment were 28–125%, 23%, and 2.8-fold”
Claim · model-written summary
Both NH4+ and NO3- promoted greater As/P uptake and translocation in P. vittata.
- Taxon
- Pteris vittataPteris vittatat0
- Treatment
- NH 4 + and NO 3 ⁻e1
- Outcome
- As/P uptake and translocatione1
- Direction
- greatere1
- Comparator
- 0.2X HNS controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pteris vittata”
e0“0.2X HNS control”
e1“both NH 4 + and NO 3 ⁻ promoted greater As/P uptake and translocation”
Claim · model-written summary
NH4+ and NO3- treatments were associated with 1.3-2.4 fold upregulation of P-transporters PvPht1;2/1;4 and the AsIII-antiporter PvACR3;1.
- Taxon
- Pteris vittataPteris vittatat0
- Treatment
- NH 4 + and NO 3 ⁻e1
- Gene
- P-transporters PvPht1;2/1;4 and AsIII-antiporter PvACR3;1e1
- Outcome
- upregulatione1
- Direction
- upregulatione1
- Value
- 1.3–2.4 folde1
- Comparator
- 0.2X HNS controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pteris vittata”
e0“0.2X HNS control”
e1“both NH 4 + and NO 3 ⁻ promoted greater As/P uptake and translocation associated with 1.3–2.4 fold upregulation of P-transporters PvPht1;2/1;4 and AsIII-antiporter PvACR3;1”
Claim · model-written summary
NO3- showed greater arsenate reduction and detoxification via 1.4-2.1 fold upregulation of AsV-reductase PvHAC1 and AsIII-antiporters PvACR3/3;2.
- Taxon
- Pteris vittataPteris vittatat0
- Treatment
- NO 3 ⁻e1
- Gene
- AsV-reductase PvHAC1 and AsIII-antiporters PvACR3/3;2e1
- Outcome
- arsenate reduction and detoxificatione1
- Direction
- greatere1
- Value
- 1.4–2.1 folde1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pteris vittata”
e1“NO 3 ⁻ showed greater arsenate reduction and detoxification via 1.4–2.1 fold upregulation of AsV-reductase PvHAC1 and AsIII-antiporters PvACR3/3;2”
Claim · model-written summary
NO3- is more effective than NH4+ in enhancing As accumulation in P. vittata.
- Taxon
- Pteris vittataPteris vittatat0
- Treatment
- NO 3 ⁻e1
- Outcome
- As accumulatione1
- Direction
- more effectivee1
- Comparator
- NH 4 +e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pteris vittata”
e1“NO 3 ⁻ is more effective than NH 4 + in enhancing As accumulation in P. vittata”
Claim · model-written summary
The greater As accumulation with nitrate is related to improved N assimilation and As metabolism.
- Taxon
- Pteris vittataPteris vittatat0
- Treatment
- NO 3 ⁻e1
- Outcome
- As accumulatione1
- Qualifier
- related to improved N assimilation and As metabolisme1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pteris vittata”
e1“NO 3 ⁻ is more effective than NH 4 + in enhancing As accumulation in P. vittata , which is related to improved N assimilation and As metabolism”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest nitrate application could improve phytoremediation of As-contaminated sites using P. vittata.
- Taxon
- P. vittataPteris vittatae0
- Outcome
- phytoremediation of As-contaminated sitese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study suggests potential application of NO 3 ⁻ to improve phytoremediation of As-contaminated sites based on P. vittata”