Abstract
ABSTRACT Agricultural production is a significant contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions, highlighting the need for region‐specific assessments of climate impacts across food systems. This study evaluates the carbon footprint of open‐field strawberry production in the Silifke district (Mersin, Türkiye) using a process‐based Life Cycle Assessment approach with a cradle‐to‐farm‐gate system boundary and a functional unit of 1 kg of strawberries. Life cycle modeling was performed in SimaPro using background data from Ecoinvent 3.10, and impacts were quantified using the IPCC 2021 Global Warming Potential method. The results indicate a total carbon footprint of 0.25052 kg CO 2 ‐eq kg − 1 , placing the system within the lower range reported for Mediterranean strawberry production. The cultivation stage was the dominant contributor (77.56%), followed by raw material supply (22.44%). Fertilizer use, particularly nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) fertilizers, was identified as the primary emission hotspot. Scenario analysis showed that a 20% reduction in fertilizer application decreases the carbon footprint by 9.83%, while solar‐powered irrigation results in only a minor reduction (0.56%). Sensitivity analysis confirmed fertilizer inputs as the dominant emission driver (S ≈ 0.49), while electricity consumption has negligible influence. Yield sensitivity further showed that reduced productivity significantly increases carbon footprint, highlighting fertilizer optimization and yield stability as key mitigation strategies.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Open-field strawberry production in Silifke had a total carbon footprint of 0.25052 kg CO2-eq per kg.
- Taxon
- strawberry
_single2.jpg?width=60)
Fragaria ×ananassae0 - Outcome
- total carbon footprinte1
- Value
- 0.25052 kg CO 2 ‐eq kg − 1e1
- Setting
- Silifke district (Mersin, Türkiye)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_single2.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“strawberry production in the Silifke district (Mersin, Türkiye)”
e1“a total carbon footprint of 0.25052 kg CO 2 ‐eq kg − 1”
Claim · model-written summary
The cultivation stage was the dominant contributor (77.56%) to the strawberry carbon footprint.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Organ / stage
- cultivation stagee2
- Outcome
- dominant contributore2
- Value
- 77.56%e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“strawberry production in the Silifke district (Mersin, Türkiye)”
e2“The cultivation stage was the dominant contributor (77.56%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer use was identified as the primary emission hotspot in strawberry production.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Treatment
- Fertilizer usee3
- Outcome
- primary emission hotspote3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“strawberry production in the Silifke district (Mersin, Türkiye)”
e3“Fertilizer use, particularly nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) fertilizers, was identified as the primary emission hotspot”
Claim · model-written summary
A 20% reduction in fertilizer application decreased the strawberry carbon footprint by 9.83%.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Treatment
- 20% reduction in fertilizer applicatione4
- Outcome
- carbon footprinte4
- Direction
- decreasese4
- Value
- 9.83%e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“strawberry production in the Silifke district (Mersin, Türkiye)”
e4“a 20% reduction in fertilizer application decreases the carbon footprint by 9.83%”
Claim · model-written summary
Solar-powered irrigation gave only a minor reduction (0.56%) in the strawberry carbon footprint.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Treatment
- solar‐powered irrigatione5
- Outcome
- carbon footprinte4
- Direction
- reductione5
- Value
- 0.56%e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“strawberry production in the Silifke district (Mersin, Türkiye)”
e4“a 20% reduction in fertilizer application decreases the carbon footprint by 9.83%”
e5“solar‐powered irrigation results in only a minor reduction (0.56%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer inputs were the dominant emission driver in the strawberry carbon footprint sensitivity analysis (S ≈ 0.49).
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Treatment
- fertilizer inputse6
- Outcome
- dominant emission drivere6
- Value
- 0.49e6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“strawberry production in the Silifke district (Mersin, Türkiye)”
e6“Sensitivity analysis confirmed fertilizer inputs as the dominant emission driver (S ≈ 0.49)”
Claim · model-written summary
Electricity consumption had a negligible influence on the strawberry carbon footprint.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Outcome
- electricity consumptione7
- Qualifier
- negligible influencee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“strawberry production in the Silifke district (Mersin, Türkiye)”
e7“electricity consumption has negligible influence”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced strawberry productivity significantly increases the carbon footprint.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Treatment
- reduced productivitye1
- Outcome
- carbon footprinte1
- Direction
- increasese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“strawberry production in the Silifke district (Mersin, Türkiye)”
e1“reduced productivity significantly increases carbon footprint”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · environment: emissions · Fragaria x ananassa (strawberry)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
irrigation · environment: emissions · Fragaria x ananassa (strawberry)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.