Abstract
Fungicides have been a reliable and efficient option for controlling various fungal plant pathogens, and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) systems have improved the cost and labor efficiency of fungicide application. However, UAV-mediated disease control systems still have the potential to improve application efficiency and control efficacy. In this study, we evaluated the in vitro sensitivity of garlic leaf blight pathogens (Stemphylium spp.) to different fungicides and performed pot and field assays using mobile spraying equipment (MSE) and an agricultural UAV to select the appropriate fungicide and concentration for controlling garlic leaf blight. Recently isolated Stemphylium spp. showed reduced sensitivity to kresoxim-methyl and various sensitivity to boscalid, ipflufenoquin, mancozeb, and metconazole. In the pot assay using the MSE, metconazole and ipflufenoquin were the most effective among the five ficacy, respectively. Further concentration experiments showed high control efficacy of metconazole and ipflufenoquin at the labeled concentration, indicating that the MSE successfully simulated UAV spraying conditions. Under field conditions, UAV-mediated fungicide application showed higher control efficacy (45.54%) and a lower mean AUDPC value for metconazole at the labeled concentration. Consistent fungicide application was verified by calculating the surface coverage area of water-sensitive papers after application by the MSE or UAV. This study provides a basis for developing a more efficient and effective UAV-based fungicide application system.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Recently isolated Stemphylium spp. showed reduced sensitivity to kresoxim-methyl.
- Taxon
- garlic
Allium sativumt0 - Treatment
- kresoxim-methyle1
- Interactor
- Stemphylium spp.
Stemphyliume1pathogen - Outcome
- sensitivity to kresoxim-methyle1
- Direction
- reducede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Chemical Control of Garlic Leaf Blight”
e1“Recently isolated Stemphylium spp. showed reduced sensitivity to kresoxim-methyl”
Claim · model-written summary
Stemphylium spp. showed various sensitivity to boscalid.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- boscalide1
- Interactor
- Stemphylium spp.Stemphyliume1pathogen
- Outcome
- sensitivitye1
- Qualifier
- variouse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Chemical Control of Garlic Leaf Blight”
e1“Recently isolated Stemphylium spp. showed reduced sensitivity to kresoxim-methyl and various sensitivity to boscalid, ipflufenoquin, mancozeb, and metconazole”
Claim · model-written summary
Stemphylium spp. showed various sensitivity to ipflufenoquin.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- ipflufenoquine1
- Interactor
- Stemphylium spp.Stemphyliume1pathogen
- Outcome
- sensitivitye1
- Qualifier
- variouse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Chemical Control of Garlic Leaf Blight”
e1“Recently isolated Stemphylium spp. showed reduced sensitivity to kresoxim-methyl and various sensitivity to boscalid, ipflufenoquin, mancozeb, and metconazole”
Claim · model-written summary
Stemphylium spp. showed various sensitivity to mancozeb.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- mancozebe1
- Interactor
- Stemphylium spp.Stemphyliume1pathogen
- Outcome
- sensitivitye1
- Qualifier
- variouse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Chemical Control of Garlic Leaf Blight”
e1“Recently isolated Stemphylium spp. showed reduced sensitivity to kresoxim-methyl and various sensitivity to boscalid, ipflufenoquin, mancozeb, and metconazole”
Claim · model-written summary
Stemphylium spp. showed various sensitivity to metconazole.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- metconazolee1
- Interactor
- Stemphylium spp.Stemphyliume1pathogen
- Outcome
- sensitivitye1
- Qualifier
- variouse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Chemical Control of Garlic Leaf Blight”
e1“Recently isolated Stemphylium spp. showed reduced sensitivity to kresoxim-methyl and various sensitivity to boscalid, ipflufenoquin, mancozeb, and metconazole”
Claim · model-written summary
In the pot assay using the MSE, metconazole was among the most effective of the five fungicides.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- metconazolee2
- Outcome
- most effectivee2
- Direction
- most effectivee2
- Comparator
- among the fivee2
- Setting
- pot assaye2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Chemical Control of Garlic Leaf Blight”
e2“In the pot assay using the MSE, metconazole and ipflufenoquin were the most effective among the five ficacy, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
In the pot assay using the MSE, ipflufenoquin was among the most effective of the five fungicides.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- ipflufenoquine2
- Outcome
- most effectivee2
- Direction
- most effectivee2
- Comparator
- among the fivee2
- Setting
- pot assaye2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Chemical Control of Garlic Leaf Blight”
e2“In the pot assay using the MSE, metconazole and ipflufenoquin were the most effective among the five ficacy, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Metconazole at the labeled concentration showed high control efficacy in further concentration experiments.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- metconazolee3
- Outcome
- control efficacye3
- Direction
- highe3
- Qualifier
- at the labeled concentratione3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Chemical Control of Garlic Leaf Blight”
e3“Further concentration experiments showed high control efficacy of metconazole and ipflufenoquin at the labeled concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Ipflufenoquin at the labeled concentration showed high control efficacy in further concentration experiments.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- ipflufenoquine3
- Outcome
- control efficacye3
- Direction
- highe3
- Qualifier
- at the labeled concentratione3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Chemical Control of Garlic Leaf Blight”
e3“Further concentration experiments showed high control efficacy of metconazole and ipflufenoquin at the labeled concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
The MSE successfully simulated UAV spraying conditions.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativumt0
- Outcome
- simulated UAV spraying conditionse4
- Comparator
- UAV spraying conditionse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Chemical Control of Garlic Leaf Blight”
e4“indicating that the MSE successfully simulated UAV spraying conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
UAV-mediated fungicide application showed higher control efficacy (45.54%) for metconazole at the labeled concentration under field conditions.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- UAV-mediated fungicide applicatione5
- Outcome
- control efficacye5
- Direction
- highere5
- Value
- 45.54%e5
- Qualifier
- metconazole at the labeled concentratione5
- Setting
- field conditionse5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Chemical Control of Garlic Leaf Blight”
e5“Under field conditions, UAV-mediated fungicide application showed higher control efficacy (45.54%) and a lower mean AUDPC value for metconazole at the labeled concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
UAV-mediated fungicide application showed a lower mean AUDPC value for metconazole at the labeled concentration under field conditions.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- UAV-mediated fungicide applicatione5
- Outcome
- mean AUDPC valuee5
- Direction
- lowere5
- Qualifier
- metconazole at the labeled concentratione5
- Setting
- field conditionse5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Chemical Control of Garlic Leaf Blight”
e5“Under field conditions, UAV-mediated fungicide application showed higher control efficacy (45.54%) and a lower mean AUDPC value for metconazole at the labeled concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Consistent fungicide application by the MSE or UAV was verified by the surface coverage area of water-sensitive papers.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- application by the MSE or UAVe6
- Outcome
- surface coverage area of water-sensitive paperse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Chemical Control of Garlic Leaf Blight”
e6“Consistent fungicide application was verified by calculating the surface coverage area of water-sensitive papers after application by the MSE or UAV”
The same questions in other papers
fungicide · control · Allium sativum (garlic)Results agree
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- positive
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- positive
- positive
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See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.