Abstract
BACKGROUND: HB-PHD transcription factors play important roles in plant growth and development as well as stress response. However, comprehensive analysis of HB-PHD genes was not investigated in wheat. RESULTS: In this study, a total of nine TaHB-PHD genes were identified in wheat at the genome-wide level, and their physicochemical properties, evolutionary relationships, gene structures, cis-acting elements, expression patterns, downstream genes, and drought-resistant superior haplotypes were systematically analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis showed that HB-PHD proteins were divided into five subfamilies, and TaHB-PHD genes belonged to subfamilies Ⅰ,Ⅱ, and Ⅴ. The gene structures and conserved motifs of members in the same subfamily were highly conserved. Tissue expression analysis revealed that TaHB-PHD genes had the highest expression levels in roots and the lowest in leaves. Under drought stress, the cultivar-specific expression pattern was observed, all TaHB-PHD genes were down-regulated in drought-tolerant cultivar Giza168, and up-regulated in Chinese Spring and drought-sensitive cultivar Gemmiza10. Under salt stress, TaHB-PHD1-A/B/D and TaHB-PHD3-A/B/D were up-regulated, while the expression of TaHB-PHD2-A/B/D showed no obvious change. Prediction of downstream genes found that TaHB-PHDs could regulate various genes such as ribosomal RNA methyltransferase and histone acetyltransferase to participate in stress responses. Haplotype analysis indicated that TaHB-PHD3-D-Hap I was a drought-resistant superior haplotype. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides a theoretical basis and candidate genes for the functional verification of wheat TaHB-PHD genes and stress-resistant molecular breeding.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Nine TaHB-PHD genes were identified genome-wide in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Gene
- TaHB-PHD genese0
- Outcome
- nine TaHB-PHD genes were identifiede0
- Value
- ninee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a total of nine TaHB-PHD genes were identified in wheat at the genome-wide level”
Claim · model-written summary
HB-PHD proteins grouped into five subfamilies, with wheat TaHB-PHD genes in I, II and V.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Gene
- TaHB-PHD genese0
- Outcome
- TaHB-PHD genes belonged to subfamilies Ⅰ,Ⅱ, and Ⅴe0
- Value
- fivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“HB-PHD proteins were divided into five subfamilies, and TaHB-PHD genes belonged to subfamilies Ⅰ,Ⅱ, and Ⅴ”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Gene structures and motifs were conserved within subfamilies.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- gene structures and conserved motifse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The gene structures and conserved motifs of members in the same subfamily were highly conserved”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
TaHB-PHD expression was highest in roots and lowest in leaves.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Gene
- TaHB-PHD genese0
- Outcome
- expression levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TaHB-PHD genes had the highest expression levels in roots and the lowest in leaves”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
All TaHB-PHD genes were down-regulated under drought in Giza168.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Giza168e0
- Treatment
- droughte0
- Gene
- TaHB-PHD genese0
- Outcome
- TaHB-PHD genese0
- Direction
- down-regulatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all TaHB-PHD genes were down-regulated in drought-tolerant cultivar Giza168”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
TaHB-PHD genes were up-regulated under drought in Chinese Spring.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Chinese Springe0
- Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Gene
- TaHB-PHD genese0
- Outcome
- TaHB-PHD genese0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under drought stress, the cultivar-specific expression pattern was observed, all TaHB-PHD genes were down-regulated in drought-tolerant cultivar Giza168, and up-regulated in Chinese Spring and drought-sensitive cultivar Gemmiza10”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
TaHB-PHD genes were up-regulated under drought in Gemmiza10.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Gemmiza10e0
- Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Gene
- TaHB-PHD genese0
- Outcome
- TaHB-PHD genese0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under drought stress, the cultivar-specific expression pattern was observed, all TaHB-PHD genes were down-regulated in drought-tolerant cultivar Giza168, and up-regulated in Chinese Spring and drought-sensitive cultivar Gemmiza10”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
TaHB-PHD1-A/B/D expression showed up-regulated under salt stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Gene
- TaHB-PHD1-A/B/De0
- Outcome
- expressione0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under salt stress, TaHB-PHD1-A/B/D and TaHB-PHD3-A/B/D were up-regulated, while the expression of TaHB-PHD2-A/B/D showed no obvious change”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
TaHB-PHD3-A/B/D expression showed up-regulated under salt stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Gene
- TaHB-PHD3-A/B/De0
- Outcome
- expressione0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under salt stress, TaHB-PHD1-A/B/D and TaHB-PHD3-A/B/D were up-regulated, while the expression of TaHB-PHD2-A/B/D showed no obvious change”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
TaHB-PHD2-A/B/D expression showed no obvious change under salt stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Gene
- TaHB-PHD2-A/B/De0
- Outcome
- expressione0
- Direction
- no obvious changee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under salt stress, TaHB-PHD1-A/B/D and TaHB-PHD3-A/B/D were up-regulated, while the expression of TaHB-PHD2-A/B/D showed no obvious change”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Predicted TaHB-PHD targets include genes for ribosomal RNA methyltransferase and histone acetyltransferase in stress responses.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Gene
- TaHB-PHDse0
- Outcome
- stress responsese0
- Qualifier
- could regulate various genese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TaHB-PHDs could regulate various genes such as ribosomal RNA methyltransferase and histone acetyltransferase to participate in stress responses”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
TaHB-PHD3-D-Hap I was identified as a superior drought-resistant haplotype.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Gene
- TaHB-PHD3-D-Hap Ie0
- Outcome
- drought-resistant superior haplotypee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TaHB-PHD3-D-Hap I was a drought-resistant superior haplotype”
t0“wheat”