Abstract
The biological activity of pomegranate peel extracts (acetone, n -hexane, and diethyl ether) against larvae of Ephestia kuehniella was evaluated through contact, ingestion, and repellency bioassays. In topical application assays, the acetone extract exhibited the highest toxicity, with LD 50 values of 140.52 and 131.27 μg/larva after 24 and 48 h, respectively. The n -hexane extract displayed intermediate activity, whereas the diethyl ether extract was less effective. In flour disk ingestion assays, the acetone extract significantly impaired larval performance at 750 μg/disk, inducing pronounced feeding deterrence (FDI: 79.99%) and marked reductions in relative growth and consumption rates. In filter paper area preference assays, the acetone extract reached 80% repellency shortly after exposure, compared with lower responses recorded for the n -hexane and diethyl ether extracts. Overall, the acetone extract of pomegranate peel, characterized by the predominance of sitosterols, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, and n-hexadecanoic acid, represents a promising candidate for the development of plant-based strategies in stored-product protection.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Acetone extract of pomegranate peel had the highest topical toxicity to Ephestia kuehniella larvae, with LD 50 values of 140.52 and 131.27 μg/larva at 24 and 48 h.
- Taxon
- pomegranate
Punica granatumt0 - Material
- acetone extracte1
- Interactor
- Ephestia kuehniella
Ephestia kuehniellae0pest - Outcome
- LD 50e1
- Value
- 140.52 and 131.27 μg/larvae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pomegranate peel”
e0“The biological activity of pomegranate peel extracts (acetone, n -hexane, and diethyl ether) against larvae of Ephestia kuehniella was evaluated through contact, ingestion, and repellency bioassays”
e1“In topical application assays, the acetone extract exhibited the highest toxicity, with LD 50 values of 140.52 and 131.27 μg/larva after 24 and 48 h, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The n-hexane extract of pomegranate peel had intermediate activity against Ephestia kuehniella larvae.
- Taxon
- pomegranatePunica granatumt0
- Material
- n -hexane extracte2
- Interactor
- Ephestia kuehniellaEphestia kuehniellae0pest
- Outcome
- activitye2
- Qualifier
- intermediatee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pomegranate peel”
e0“The biological activity of pomegranate peel extracts (acetone, n -hexane, and diethyl ether) against larvae of Ephestia kuehniella was evaluated through contact, ingestion, and repellency bioassays”
e2“The n -hexane extract displayed intermediate activity, whereas the diethyl ether extract was less effective”
Claim · model-written summary
Acetone extract at 750 μg/disk significantly impaired Ephestia kuehniella larval performance in the ingestion assay.
- Taxon
- pomegranatePunica granatumt0
- Treatment
- acetone extracte3
- Interactor
- Ephestia kuehniellaEphestia kuehniellae0pest
- Outcome
- larval performancee3
- Direction
- impairede3
- Value
- 750 μg/diske3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pomegranate peel”
e0“The biological activity of pomegranate peel extracts (acetone, n -hexane, and diethyl ether) against larvae of Ephestia kuehniella was evaluated through contact, ingestion, and repellency bioassays”
e3“the acetone extract significantly impaired larval performance at 750 μg/disk, inducing pronounced feeding deterrence (FDI: 79.99%) and marked reductions in relative growth and consumption rates”
Claim · model-written summary
Acetone extract at 750 μg/disk produced feeding deterrence of 79.99% in Ephestia kuehniella larvae.
- Taxon
- pomegranatePunica granatumt0
- Material
- acetone extracte3
- Interactor
- Ephestia kuehniellaEphestia kuehniellae0pest
- Outcome
- feeding deterrencee3
- Value
- FDI: 79.99%e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pomegranate peel”
e0“The biological activity of pomegranate peel extracts (acetone, n -hexane, and diethyl ether) against larvae of Ephestia kuehniella was evaluated through contact, ingestion, and repellency bioassays”
e3“the acetone extract significantly impaired larval performance at 750 μg/disk, inducing pronounced feeding deterrence (FDI: 79.99%) and marked reductions in relative growth and consumption rates”
Claim · model-written summary
Acetone extract at 750 μg/disk markedly reduced relative growth and consumption rates of Ephestia kuehniella larvae.
- Taxon
- pomegranatePunica granatumt0
- Treatment
- acetone extracte3
- Interactor
- Ephestia kuehniellaEphestia kuehniellae0pest
- Outcome
- relative growth and consumption ratese3
- Direction
- marked reductionse3
- Value
- 750 μg/diske3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pomegranate peel”
e0“The biological activity of pomegranate peel extracts (acetone, n -hexane, and diethyl ether) against larvae of Ephestia kuehniella was evaluated through contact, ingestion, and repellency bioassays”
e3“the acetone extract significantly impaired larval performance at 750 μg/disk, inducing pronounced feeding deterrence (FDI: 79.99%) and marked reductions in relative growth and consumption rates”
Claim · model-written summary
Acetone extract reached 80% repellency shortly after exposure, higher than the n-hexane and diethyl ether extracts.
- Taxon
- pomegranatePunica granatumt0
- Material
- acetone extracte4
- Interactor
- Ephestia kuehniellaEphestia kuehniellae0pest
- Outcome
- repellencye4
- Value
- 80%e4
- Comparator
- n -hexane and diethyl ether extractse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pomegranate peel”
e0“The biological activity of pomegranate peel extracts (acetone, n -hexane, and diethyl ether) against larvae of Ephestia kuehniella was evaluated through contact, ingestion, and repellency bioassays”
e4“the acetone extract reached 80% repellency shortly after exposure, compared with lower responses recorded for the n -hexane and diethyl ether extracts”
Claim · model-written summary
The acetone extract of pomegranate peel is characterised by a predominance of sitosterols, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid and n-hexadecanoic acid.
- Taxon
- pomegranatePunica granatumt0
- Material
- acetone extracte5
- Outcome
- predominance of sitosterols, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, and n-hexadecanoic acide5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pomegranate peel”
e5“the acetone extract of pomegranate peel, characterized by the predominance of sitosterols, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, and n-hexadecanoic acid, represents a promising candidate for the development of plant-based strategies in stored-product protection”
Claim · model-written summary
The acetone extract is a promising candidate for plant-based strategies in stored-product protection.
- Taxon
- pomegranatePunica granatumt0
- Outcome
- promising candidate for the development of plant-based strategies in stored-product protectione5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pomegranate peel”
e5“the acetone extract of pomegranate peel, characterized by the predominance of sitosterols, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, and n-hexadecanoic acid, represents a promising candidate for the development of plant-based strategies in stored-product protection”