Abstract
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) represent an eco-friendly strategy to improve crop yield under abiotic stress conditions. This study aimed to perform a comprehensive genomic and functional profiling of a halotolerant rhizobacterium to evaluate its multi-trait plant growth-promoting (PGP) potential and its precise contribution to mitigating salinity stress for climate-resilient agriculture. In the present study, 24 (8.5%) rhizobacterial isolates showed phosphate-solubilizing activity out of 283 isolated bacteria from rice rhizosphere. From these, strain OSNO4 was selected for detailed evaluation. The isolate demonstrated phosphate solubilization (solubilization index: 1.22) and potassium solubilization, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production (38.34 µg/ml), nitrogen fixation, siderophore and ammonia production, protease activity, and biofilm formation in vitro. Additionally, it showed tolerance to salinity (10% NaCl), drought (20% PEG 6000), temperature (45 °C), and a broad pH range. Strain OSNO4 further suppressed the growth of phytopathogenic fungi Fusarium concentricum by 54.23%. Whole-genome sequencing analysis identified the strain as Enterobacter roggenkampii (ANI 98.2%, dDDH 85.7%), with a 4.67 Mb genome harboring total 4,546 predicted genes and diverse functional subsystems. Comprehensive genomic study further revealed the presence of genes linked to nutrient mobilization, phytohormone biosynthesis, abiotic stress tolerance, and antifungal activity. Six biosynthetic gene clusters, including siderophore-related and putatively novel clusters were also identified. Pan-genome analysis revealed an open genome structure with high flexibility and genetic variability. Under salinity stress, OSNO4 inoculation significantly improved rice seed germination (52.22% to 85.56% at 100 mM NaCl; 42.22% to 72.22% at 150 mM NaCl), root and shoot development, and biomass accumulation compared to uninoculated controls. The strain also showed broad antibiotic susceptibility and non-hemolytic phenotype, suggesting its biosafe nature. In summary, these data demonstrate that E. roggenkampii OSNO4 possesses a robust repertoire of genomic determinants and functional capabilities, establishing it as a highly potent bioinoculant for deployment in climate-resilient and sustainable agroecosystems.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Strain OSNO4 suppressed the growth of Fusarium concentricum by 54.23%.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- Strain OSNO4e1
- Interactor
- Fusarium concentricumFusarium concentricume1pathogen
- Second interactor
- OSNO4e1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- growthe1
- Direction
- suppressede1
- Value
- 54.23%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“24 (8.5%) rhizobacterial isolates showed phosphate-solubilizing activity out of 283 isolated bacteria from rice rhizosphere”
e1“Strain OSNO4 further suppressed the growth of phytopathogenic fungi Fusarium concentricum by 54.23%”
Claim · model-written summary
OSNO4 inoculation improved rice seed germination at 100 mM NaCl.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- OSNO4 inoculatione2
- Interactor
- OSNO4e2symbiont
- Outcome
- seed germinatione2
- Direction
- improvede2
- Value
- 52.22% to 85.56%e2
- Qualifier
- 100 mM NaCle2
- Comparator
- uninoculated controlse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“24 (8.5%) rhizobacterial isolates showed phosphate-solubilizing activity out of 283 isolated bacteria from rice rhizosphere”
e2“OSNO4 inoculation significantly improved rice seed germination (52.22% to 85.56% at 100 mM NaCl; 42.22% to 72.22% at 150 mM NaCl), root and shoot development, and biomass accumulation compared to uninoculated controls”
Claim · model-written summary
OSNO4 inoculation improved rice seed germination at 150 mM NaCl.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- OSNO4 inoculatione2
- Interactor
- OSNO4e2symbiont
- Outcome
- seed germinatione2
- Direction
- improvede2
- Value
- 42.22% to 72.22%e2
- Qualifier
- 150 mM NaCle2
- Comparator
- uninoculated controlse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“24 (8.5%) rhizobacterial isolates showed phosphate-solubilizing activity out of 283 isolated bacteria from rice rhizosphere”
e2“OSNO4 inoculation significantly improved rice seed germination (52.22% to 85.56% at 100 mM NaCl; 42.22% to 72.22% at 150 mM NaCl), root and shoot development, and biomass accumulation compared to uninoculated controls”
Claim · model-written summary
OSNO4 inoculation improved root and shoot development and biomass accumulation of rice under salinity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- OSNO4 inoculatione2
- Interactor
- OSNO4e2symbiont
- Outcome
- root and shoot development, and biomass accumulatione2
- Direction
- improvede2
- Comparator
- uninoculated controlse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“24 (8.5%) rhizobacterial isolates showed phosphate-solubilizing activity out of 283 isolated bacteria from rice rhizosphere”
e2“OSNO4 inoculation significantly improved rice seed germination (52.22% to 85.56% at 100 mM NaCl; 42.22% to 72.22% at 150 mM NaCl), root and shoot development, and biomass accumulation compared to uninoculated controls”
Claim · model-written summary
Strain OSNO4 showed broad antibiotic susceptibility and a non-hemolytic phenotype.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- broad antibiotic susceptibility and non-hemolytic phenotypee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“24 (8.5%) rhizobacterial isolates showed phosphate-solubilizing activity out of 283 isolated bacteria from rice rhizosphere”
e1“The strain also showed broad antibiotic susceptibility and non-hemolytic phenotype”
Claim · model-written summary
The OSNO4 genome is 4.67 Mb.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- genomee3
- Value
- 4.67 Mbe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“24 (8.5%) rhizobacterial isolates showed phosphate-solubilizing activity out of 283 isolated bacteria from rice rhizosphere”
e3“a 4.67 Mb genome harboring total 4,546 predicted genes”
Claim · model-written summary
The OSNO4 genome contains genes linked to nutrient mobilization, phytohormone biosynthesis and abiotic stress tolerance.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- genes linked to nutrient mobilization, phytohormone biosynthesis, abiotic stress tolerancee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“24 (8.5%) rhizobacterial isolates showed phosphate-solubilizing activity out of 283 isolated bacteria from rice rhizosphere”
e4“genes linked to nutrient mobilization, phytohormone biosynthesis, abiotic stress tolerance, and antifungal activity”
Claim · model-written summary
The OSNO4 genome contains genes linked to antifungal activity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- antifungal activitye4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“24 (8.5%) rhizobacterial isolates showed phosphate-solubilizing activity out of 283 isolated bacteria from rice rhizosphere”
e4“genes linked to nutrient mobilization, phytohormone biosynthesis, abiotic stress tolerance, and antifungal activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Six biosynthetic gene clusters were identified in the OSNO4 genome.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- biosynthetic gene clusterse5
- Value
- Sixe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“24 (8.5%) rhizobacterial isolates showed phosphate-solubilizing activity out of 283 isolated bacteria from rice rhizosphere”
e5“Six biosynthetic gene clusters, including siderophore-related and putatively novel clusters were also identified”
Claim · model-written summary
The OSNO4 pan-genome has an open structure with high flexibility and genetic variability.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- open genome structuree6
- Qualifier
- high flexibility and genetic variabilitye6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“24 (8.5%) rhizobacterial isolates showed phosphate-solubilizing activity out of 283 isolated bacteria from rice rhizosphere”
e6“Pan-genome analysis revealed an open genome structure with high flexibility and genetic variability”
Claim · model-written summary
Of 283 rice rhizosphere isolates, 8.5% showed phosphate-solubilizing activity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- phosphate-solubilizing activitye0
- Value
- 8.5%e0
- Setting
- rice rhizospheree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“24 (8.5%) rhizobacterial isolates showed phosphate-solubilizing activity out of 283 isolated bacteria from rice rhizosphere”
Claim · model-written summary
Strain OSNO4 showed phosphate solubilization with a solubilization index of 1.22.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- phosphate solubilizatione7
- Value
- 1.22e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“24 (8.5%) rhizobacterial isolates showed phosphate-solubilizing activity out of 283 isolated bacteria from rice rhizosphere”
e7“The isolate demonstrated phosphate solubilization (solubilization index: 1.22) and potassium solubilization, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production (38.34 µg/ml), nitrogen fixation, siderophore and ammonia production, protease activity, and biofilm formation in vitro”
Claim · model-written summary
Strain OSNO4 produced 38.34 µg/ml of indole-3-acetic acid.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) productione7
- Value
- 38.34 µg/mle7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“24 (8.5%) rhizobacterial isolates showed phosphate-solubilizing activity out of 283 isolated bacteria from rice rhizosphere”
e7“The isolate demonstrated phosphate solubilization (solubilization index: 1.22) and potassium solubilization, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production (38.34 µg/ml), nitrogen fixation, siderophore and ammonia production, protease activity, and biofilm formation in vitro”
Claim · model-written summary
Strain OSNO4 showed siderophore and ammonia production in vitro.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- siderophore and ammonia productione7
- Qualifier
- in vitroe7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“24 (8.5%) rhizobacterial isolates showed phosphate-solubilizing activity out of 283 isolated bacteria from rice rhizosphere”
e7“The isolate demonstrated phosphate solubilization (solubilization index: 1.22) and potassium solubilization, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production (38.34 µg/ml), nitrogen fixation, siderophore and ammonia production, protease activity, and biofilm formation in vitro”
Claim · model-written summary
Strain OSNO4 showed biofilm formation in vitro.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- biofilm formatione7
- Qualifier
- in vitroe7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“24 (8.5%) rhizobacterial isolates showed phosphate-solubilizing activity out of 283 isolated bacteria from rice rhizosphere”
e7“The isolate demonstrated phosphate solubilization (solubilization index: 1.22) and potassium solubilization, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production (38.34 µg/ml), nitrogen fixation, siderophore and ammonia production, protease activity, and biofilm formation in vitro”
Claim · model-written summary
Strain OSNO4 showed potassium solubilization.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- potassium solubilizatione7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“24 (8.5%) rhizobacterial isolates showed phosphate-solubilizing activity out of 283 isolated bacteria from rice rhizosphere”
e7“The isolate demonstrated phosphate solubilization (solubilization index: 1.22) and potassium solubilization, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production (38.34 µg/ml), nitrogen fixation, siderophore and ammonia production, protease activity, and biofilm formation in vitro”
Claim · model-written summary
Strain OSNO4 showed nitrogen fixation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- nitrogen fixatione7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“24 (8.5%) rhizobacterial isolates showed phosphate-solubilizing activity out of 283 isolated bacteria from rice rhizosphere”
e7“The isolate demonstrated phosphate solubilization (solubilization index: 1.22) and potassium solubilization, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production (38.34 µg/ml), nitrogen fixation, siderophore and ammonia production, protease activity, and biofilm formation in vitro”
Claim · model-written summary
Strain OSNO4 tolerates 10% NaCl salinity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- tolerancee1
- Value
- 10% NaCle1
- Qualifier
- salinitye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“24 (8.5%) rhizobacterial isolates showed phosphate-solubilizing activity out of 283 isolated bacteria from rice rhizosphere”
e1“it showed tolerance to salinity (10% NaCl), drought (20% PEG 6000), temperature (45 °C), and a broad pH range”
Claim · model-written summary
Strain OSNO4 tolerates 20% PEG 6000 drought.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- tolerancee1
- Value
- 20% PEG 6000e1
- Qualifier
- droughte1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“24 (8.5%) rhizobacterial isolates showed phosphate-solubilizing activity out of 283 isolated bacteria from rice rhizosphere”
e1“it showed tolerance to salinity (10% NaCl), drought (20% PEG 6000), temperature (45 °C), and a broad pH range”
Claim · model-written summary
Strain OSNO4 tolerates 45 °C temperature.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- tolerancee1
- Value
- 45 °Ce1
- Qualifier
- temperaturee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“24 (8.5%) rhizobacterial isolates showed phosphate-solubilizing activity out of 283 isolated bacteria from rice rhizosphere”
e1“it showed tolerance to salinity (10% NaCl), drought (20% PEG 6000), temperature (45 °C), and a broad pH range”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
361 papers in the same direction as this paper · 34 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative
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- positive
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