Abstract
The mechanistic basis of Al rhizotoxicity was investigated through a time-based analysis of the growth reactions seen in hydroponically-grown roots of wheat isolines (IS and IT) differing in Al tolerance, when exposed to 75 μM Al (pH 4.1) for times ranging between 2 minutes and 48 h. Notwithstanding genotypic differences in the timing and the magnitude of the reactions, it was clear that the root growth adjustments made in response to Al involved three phases, 1) the primary response (IS and IT ≤ 60 min) which produced a net increase in root extension growth, 2) an intermediate period of growth inhibition (IS, 6 h; IT, 24 h.) and 3) recovery (IT 48 h) which included growth stimulation. Close relationships also emerged between the time-dependent, Al-induced increases and decreases in root extension growth and the volume (length) of the root cap and the length of root epidermal cells which suggested that cap volume and root epidermal cell extensibility may also be components of the Al response network. These findings are discussed with a view to developing a coherent theory of Al rhizo- toxicity/root growth control. Genotypic similarities and differences in the root growth responses shown to Al are used to distinguish between Al escape strategies (stress avoidance, IT and IS) and the longer term activation of genetically controlled mechanisms of Al tolerance (IT) involved in the recovery from Al.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Aluminium initially increased root extension in both isolines.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Material
- IS and ITe0
- Treatment
- 75 μM Al (pH 4.1)e0
- Outcome
- root extension growthe1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Qualifier
- IS and IT ≤ 60 mine1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“roots of wheat isolines (IS and IT) differing in Al tolerance, when exposed to 75 μM Al (pH 4.1)”
e1“the primary response (IS and IT ≤ 60 min) which produced a net increase in root extension growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Aluminium inhibited root growth at 6 h in IS.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- ISe1
- Treatment
- 75 μM Al (pH 4.1)e0
- Outcome
- growth inhibitione1
- Direction
- inhibitione1
- Qualifier
- 6 he1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“roots of wheat isolines (IS and IT) differing in Al tolerance, when exposed to 75 μM Al (pH 4.1)”
e1“growth inhibition (IS, 6 h; IT, 24 h.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Aluminium inhibited root growth at 24 h in IT.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- ITe1
- Treatment
- 75 μM Al (pH 4.1)e0
- Outcome
- growth inhibitione1
- Direction
- inhibitione1
- Qualifier
- 24 he1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“roots of wheat isolines (IS and IT) differing in Al tolerance, when exposed to 75 μM Al (pH 4.1)”
e1“growth inhibition (IS, 6 h; IT, 24 h.)”
Claim · model-written summary
IT roots recovered and showed stimulated growth after 48 h.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- ITe1
- Treatment
- 75 μM Al (pH 4.1)e0
- Outcome
- growth stimulatione1
- Direction
- stimulatione1
- Qualifier
- IT 48 he1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“roots of wheat isolines (IS and IT) differing in Al tolerance, when exposed to 75 μM Al (pH 4.1)”
e1“recovery (IT 48 h) which included growth stimulation”
Claim · model-written summary
Aluminium driven changes in root extension related closely to root cap volume.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- root cape1
- Treatment
- 75 μM Al (pH 4.1)e0
- Outcome
- root extension growthe1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“roots of wheat isolines (IS and IT) differing in Al tolerance, when exposed to 75 μM Al (pH 4.1)”
e1“Close relationships also emerged between the time-dependent, Al-induced increases and decreases in root extension growth and the volume (length) of the root cap”
Claim · model-written summary
Aluminium driven changes in root extension related closely to root epidermal cell length.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- root epidermal cellse1
- Treatment
- 75 μM Al (pH 4.1)e0
- Outcome
- length of root epidermal cellse1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“roots of wheat isolines (IS and IT) differing in Al tolerance, when exposed to 75 μM Al (pH 4.1)”
e1“the length of root epidermal cells which suggested that cap volume and root epidermal cell extensibility may also be components of the Al response network”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors interpret both isolines as showing aluminium avoidance, with longer term tolerance in IT.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- IT and ISe1
- Outcome
- recovery from Ale1
- Qualifier
- genetically controlled mechanisms of Al tolerancee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat isolines (IS and IT)”
e1“Al escape strategies (stress avoidance, IT and IS) and the longer term activation of genetically controlled mechanisms of Al tolerance (IT) involved in the recovery from Al”
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