Abstract
Physiological and agronomic responses of two pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum L. K. Schum) parents and their hybrid were evaluated under different water levels on a Brazito sandy loam soil at Tucson, Arizona in 1983 and 1984. A line source sprinkler irrigation gradient was used to create the treatments. Soil moisture and physiological parameters were measured under field conditions at weekly intervals. Growth was analyzed every other week, while yield and yield components were evaluated at the end of the experiment. Harvest Index, drought tolerance index, and water use efficiency (WUE) were calculated. Percent crude protein of seeds was analyzed, and photosynthesis was measured in 1984 only. Regression analysis was used to compare the performance of the cultivars for stability. Water stress significantly affected all parameters measured, and the stress effects were more pronounced in 1983. There was no significant difference between entries at each water level for most parameters. Plant height, dry matter, and total leaf area decreased as watering level decreased. The leaf area of the hybrid was significantly higher at high water level in 1983. Firing ratio was increased significantly by stress in both seasons and was significantly lower for the male at low water level in 1983. Yield and yield components were reduced significantly by stress in both seasons, which was reflected in the reduced harvest index. Relative yield of dry matter was higher for the male in both seasons. The hybrid had the highest drought tolerance index in 1983, while the female had the highest drought tolerance index in 1984. WUE of dry matter increased with stress, while WUE of grain yield decreased with stress in both seasons. The significant reduction in transpiration was 57, 56 and 66% in 1983 and 45, 53, and 52% in 1984 for female, male, and hybrid respectively. Leaf diffusive resistance and leaf temperature were increased by water stress in both seasons. Stability regression analysis provided no adequate differentiation among cultivars. The percent crude protein (weight basis) was increased significantly by stress by 38, 43, and 28% in 1983 and by 47, 33, 46% for female, male, and hybrid, respectively.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress significantly affected all measured parameters, more strongly in 1983.
- Taxon
- pearl millet
Cenchrus americanust0 - Treatment
- Water stresse0
- Outcome
- all parameters measurede0
- Qualifier
- more pronounced in 1983e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Water stress significantly affected all parameters measured, and the stress effects were more pronounced in 1983.”
t0“PEARL MILLET”
Claim · model-written summary
Most parameters did not differ significantly among entries at each water level.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanust0
- Outcome
- most parameterse0
- Direction
- no significant differencee0
- Qualifier
- at each water levele0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was no significant difference between entries at each water level for most parameters.”
t0“PEARL MILLET”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant height, dry matter and total leaf area decreased as watering decreased.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanust0
- Treatment
- watering level decreasede0
- Outcome
- Plant height, dry matter, and total leaf areae0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant height, dry matter, and total leaf area decreased as watering level decreased.”
t0“PEARL MILLET”
Claim · model-written summary
Hybrid leaf area was significantly higher at high water level in 1983.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanust0
- Material
- hybride0
- Outcome
- leaf areae0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- high water level in 1983e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The leaf area of the hybrid was significantly higher at high water level in 1983.”
t0“PEARL MILLET”
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress significantly increased firing ratio in both seasons.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanust0
- Treatment
- stresse0
- Outcome
- Firing ratioe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- both seasonse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Firing ratio was increased significantly by stress in both seasons”
t0“PEARL MILLET”
Claim · model-written summary
Male firing ratio was significantly lower at low water level in 1983.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanust0
- Material
- malee0
- Outcome
- Firing ratioe0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Qualifier
- low water level in 1983e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Firing ratio was increased significantly by stress in both seasons and was significantly lower for the male at low water level in 1983.”
t0“PEARL MILLET”
Claim · model-written summary
Stress significantly reduced yield and yield components in both seasons.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanust0
- Treatment
- stresse0
- Outcome
- Yield and yield componentse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- both seasonse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yield and yield components were reduced significantly by stress in both seasons”
t0“PEARL MILLET”
Claim · model-written summary
Stress reduced harvest index.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanust0
- Treatment
- stresse1
- Outcome
- harvest indexe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which was reflected in the reduced harvest index.”
t0“PEARL MILLET”
e1“Water stress significantly affected all parameters measured, and the stress effects were more pronounced in 1983.”
Claim · model-written summary
Male relative dry matter yield was higher in both seasons.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanust0
- Material
- malee0
- Outcome
- Relative yield of dry mattere0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- both seasonse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Relative yield of dry matter was higher for the male in both seasons.”
t0“PEARL MILLET”
Claim · model-written summary
The hybrid had the highest drought tolerance index in 1983.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanust0
- Material
- hybride0
- Outcome
- drought tolerance indexe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- 1983e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The hybrid had the highest drought tolerance index in 1983”
t0“PEARL MILLET”
Claim · model-written summary
The female had the highest drought tolerance index in 1984.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanust0
- Material
- femalee0
- Outcome
- drought tolerance indexe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- 1984e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the female had the highest drought tolerance index in 1984.”
t0“PEARL MILLET”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry matter WUE increased with stress.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanust0
- Treatment
- stresse0
- Outcome
- WUE of dry mattere0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“WUE of dry matter increased with stress”
t0“PEARL MILLET”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield WUE decreased with stress in both seasons.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanust0
- Treatment
- stresse0
- Outcome
- WUE of grain yielde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- both seasonse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“WUE of grain yield decreased with stress in both seasons.”
t0“PEARL MILLET”
Claim · model-written summary
Female transpiration fell significantly by 57% in 1983 and 45% in 1984.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanust0
- Material
- femalee0
- Treatment
- stresse1
- Outcome
- transpiratione0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 57, 56 and 66%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The significant reduction in transpiration was 57, 56 and 66% in 1983 and 45, 53, and 52% in 1984 for female, male, and hybrid respectively.”
t0“PEARL MILLET”
e1“Water stress significantly affected all parameters measured, and the stress effects were more pronounced in 1983.”
Claim · model-written summary
Male transpiration fell significantly by 56% in 1983 and 53% in 1984.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanust0
- Material
- malee0
- Treatment
- stresse1
- Outcome
- transpiratione0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 45, 53, and 52%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The significant reduction in transpiration was 57, 56 and 66% in 1983 and 45, 53, and 52% in 1984 for female, male, and hybrid respectively.”
t0“PEARL MILLET”
e1“Water stress significantly affected all parameters measured, and the stress effects were more pronounced in 1983.”
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress increased leaf diffusive resistance and leaf temperature in both seasons.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanust0
- Treatment
- water stresse0
- Outcome
- Leaf diffusive resistance and leaf temperaturee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- both seasonse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf diffusive resistance and leaf temperature were increased by water stress in both seasons.”
t0“PEARL MILLET”
Claim · model-written summary
Stability regression did not adequately distinguish cultivars.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanust0
- Outcome
- no adequate differentiation among cultivarse0
- Comparator
- cultivarse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stability regression analysis provided no adequate differentiation among cultivars.”
t0“PEARL MILLET”
Claim · model-written summary
Stress significantly increased female seed crude protein by 38% in 1983 and 47% in 1984.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanust0
- Material
- femalee0
- Treatment
- stresse0
- Outcome
- percent crude proteine0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 38, 43, and 28%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The percent crude protein (weight basis) was increased significantly by stress by 38, 43, and 28% in 1983 and by 47, 33, 46% for female, male, and hybrid, respectively.”
t0“PEARL MILLET”
Claim · model-written summary
Stress significantly increased male seed crude protein by 43% in 1983 and 33% in 1984.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanust0
- Material
- malee0
- Treatment
- stresse0
- Outcome
- percent crude proteine0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 47, 33, 46%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The percent crude protein (weight basis) was increased significantly by stress by 38, 43, and 28% in 1983 and by 47, 33, 46% for female, male, and hybrid, respectively.”
t0“PEARL MILLET”
Claim · model-written summary
Stress significantly increased hybrid seed crude protein by 28% in 1983 and 46% in 1984.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanust0
- Material
- hybride0
- Treatment
- stresse0
- Outcome
- percent crude proteine0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 47, 33, 46%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The percent crude protein (weight basis) was increased significantly by stress by 38, 43, and 28% in 1983 and by 47, 33, 46% for female, male, and hybrid, respectively.”
t0“PEARL MILLET”
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