Abstract
The effects of simulated acid rain on the growth and interspecific competition of Echinochloa crus-galli and Digitaria sanguinalis were studied. Changes of growth in height and dry weight were examined and competition between the two species was investigated using the experimental model proposed by de Wit (1960). The experiments were carried out in the greenhouse, and test plants were germinated and grown for 4 weeks and then sprayed with simulated acid rain of pH 5.6, 4.2 and 2.8 for another 8 weeks. In de Wit replacement experiments, the variation of density and the treatment of simulated acid rain showed little effect on the interspecific competition between E. Crus-galli and D.sanguinalis. The ratio diagram, another method to reveal the interrelations between two competing species, always showed the predominance of E. crus-galli in competition, regardless of density and pH. The interspecific competition of the two species, represented by relative yield total (RYT), revealed that intraspecific competition was stronger than interspecific competition in both species.The treatment of simulated acid rain showed little effect on the growth of E. Crus-galli and D. sanguinalis. Height growth of both species did not differ from that of control (pH 5.6), but root/shoot ratio increased with the decrease in pH of simulated acid rain. Growth of tatal dry weight of E. crus-galli and D. sanguinalis was not influenced by the change of pH, except that D.sanguinalis showed a decrease in the total dry weight at pH 2.8 along with a visible sign of white spots on leaves. Physical environmental conditions can exert an effect on the interrelationships between the two species, but this experiment did not show the reversion of competition, and showed that E.crus-gilli was competitively dominant under any environmental conditions given in this study.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Density variation and simulated acid rain treatment showed little effect on interspecific competition between E. crus-galli and D. sanguinalis.
- Taxon
- Echinochloa crus-galli and Digitaria sanguinalis
Echinochloa crus-galli.jpg?width=60)
Digitaria sanguinalist0 - Treatment
- simulated acid raine1
- Outcome
- interspecific competitione1
- Direction
- little effecte1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Echinochloa crus-galli and Digitaria sanguinalis”
e1“the variation of density and the treatment of simulated acid rain showed little effect on the interspecific competition between E. Crus-galli and D.sanguinalis”
Claim · model-written summary
The ratio diagram always showed predominance of E. crus-galli in competition regardless of density and pH.
- Taxon
- Echinochloa crus-galli and Digitaria sanguinalisEchinochloa crus-galliDigitaria sanguinalist0
- Outcome
- predominance of E. crus-galli in competitione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Echinochloa crus-galli and Digitaria sanguinalis”
e1“always showed the predominance of E. crus-galli in competition, regardless of density and pH”
Claim · model-written summary
Relative yield total showed intraspecific competition was stronger than interspecific competition in both species.
- Taxon
- Echinochloa crus-galli and Digitaria sanguinalisEchinochloa crus-galliDigitaria sanguinalist0
- Outcome
- intraspecific competition was stronger than interspecific competitione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Echinochloa crus-galli and Digitaria sanguinalis”
e1“intraspecific competition was stronger than interspecific competition in both species”
Claim · model-written summary
Simulated acid rain showed little effect on the growth of E. crus-galli and D. sanguinalis.
- Taxon
- Echinochloa crus-galli and Digitaria sanguinalisEchinochloa crus-galliDigitaria sanguinalist0
- Treatment
- simulated acid raine1
- Outcome
- growthe1
- Direction
- little effecte1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Echinochloa crus-galli and Digitaria sanguinalis”
e1“The treatment of simulated acid rain showed little effect on the growth of E. Crus-galli and D. sanguinalis”
Claim · model-written summary
Height growth of both species did not differ from the control (pH 5.6).
- Taxon
- Echinochloa crus-galli and Digitaria sanguinalisEchinochloa crus-galliDigitaria sanguinalist0
- Treatment
- simulated acid rain of pH 5.6, 4.2 and 2.8e1
- Outcome
- Height growthe2
- Direction
- did not differe2
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Echinochloa crus-galli and Digitaria sanguinalis”
e1“sprayed with simulated acid rain of pH 5.6, 4.2 and 2.8”
e2“Height growth of both species did not differ from that of control (pH 5.6)”
Claim · model-written summary
Root/shoot ratio increased as the pH of simulated acid rain decreased.
- Taxon
- Echinochloa crus-galli and Digitaria sanguinalisEchinochloa crus-galliDigitaria sanguinalist0
- Treatment
- decrease in pH of simulated acid raine1
- Outcome
- root/shoot ratioe1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Echinochloa crus-galli and Digitaria sanguinalis”
e1“root/shoot ratio increased with the decrease in pH of simulated acid rain”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth of total dry weight of both species was not influenced by the change of pH.
- Taxon
- Echinochloa crus-galli and Digitaria sanguinalisEchinochloa crus-galliDigitaria sanguinalist0
- Treatment
- change of pHe1
- Outcome
- tatal dry weighte1
- Direction
- not influencede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Echinochloa crus-galli and Digitaria sanguinalis”
e1“Growth of tatal dry weight of E. crus-galli and D. sanguinalis was not influenced by the change of pH”
Claim · model-written summary
D. sanguinalis showed a decrease in total dry weight at pH 2.8.
- Taxon
- D.sanguinalisDigitaria sanguinalise1
- Treatment
- pH 2.8e1
- Outcome
- total dry weighte1
- Direction
- decreasee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“D.sanguinalis showed a decrease in the total dry weight at pH 2.8”
Claim · model-written summary
D. sanguinalis showed a visible sign of white spots on leaves at pH 2.8.
- Taxon
- D.sanguinalisDigitaria sanguinalise1
- Organ / stage
- leavese1
- Outcome
- visible sign of white spots on leavese1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“D.sanguinalis showed a decrease in the total dry weight at pH 2.8 along with a visible sign of white spots on leaves”
The same questions in other papers
rainfall · growth · Echinochloa crus-galli (barnyard grass)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
ph · growth · Digitaria sanguinalisResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.