Abstract
The influence of chilling (8 °C, 5 d) at two photon flux densities [PFD, L = 200 and H = 500 μmol(photon) m-2 s-1] on the gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence was investigated in chilling-tolerant and chilling-sensitive maize hybrids (Zea mays L., K383×K130, K185×K217) and one cultivar of field bean (Vicia faba L. minor, cv. Nadwiślański). The net photosynthetic rate (P N) for the both studied plant species was inhibited at 8 °C. P N of both maize hybrids additionally decreased during chilling. Changes in the quantum efficiency of PS2 electron transport (ΦPS2) as a response to chilling and PFD were similar to P N. Measurements of ΦPS2/ΦCO2 ratio showed that in field bean seedlings strong alternative photochemical sinks of energy did not appear during chilling. However, the high increment in ΦPS2/ΦCO2 for maize hybrids can indicate reactions associated with chill damage generation. At 8 °C the non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) increased in all plants with chilling duration and PFD. The appearance of protective (qI,p) and damage (qI,d) components of qI and a decrease in qE (energy dependent quenching) took place. NPQ components of field bean and maize hybrids differed from each other. The amount of protective NPQ (qE + qI,p) components as part of total NPQ was higher in field bean than in maize hybrids at both PFD. On 5th day of chilling, the sum of qE and qI,p was 26.7 % of NPQ in tolerant maize hybrids and 17.6 % of NPQ in the sensitive one (averages for both PFD). The increased PFD inhibited the ability of all plants to perform protective dissipation of absorbed energy. The understanding of the genotypic variation of NPQ components in maize may have implications for the future selection of plants with a high chilling tolerance.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Chilling inhibited net photosynthesis in both maize and field bean.
- Taxon
- maize and field beant0
- Treatment
- 8 °Ce0
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic rate (P N)e0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The net photosynthetic rate (P N) for the both studied plant species was inhibited at 8 °C.”
t0“maize and field bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Net photosynthesis of both maize hybrids declined further during chilling.
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P N of both maize hybrids additionally decreased during chilling.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
PS2 electron transport efficiency responded to chilling and light similarly to net photosynthesis.
Verbatim
e0“Changes in the quantum efficiency of PS2 electron transport (ΦPS2) as a response to chilling and PFD were similar to P N.”
t0“maize and field bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Field bean seedlings lacked strong alternative photochemical energy sinks during chilling.
Verbatim
e0“in field bean seedlings strong alternative photochemical sinks of energy did not appear during chilling.”
Claim · model-written summary
The ΦPS2/ΦCO2 ratio increased strongly in maize hybrids, potentially indicating chilling damage.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the high increment in ΦPS2/ΦCO2 for maize hybrids can indicate reactions associated with chill damage generation.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nonphotochemical quenching increased with chilling duration and photon flux in all plants.
Verbatim
e0“At 8 °C the non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) increased in all plants with chilling duration and PFD.”
t0“maize and field bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Protective and damage qI components appeared.
Verbatim
e0“The appearance of protective (qI,p) and damage (qI,d) components of qI”
t0“maize and field bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Energy-dependent quenching qE decreased.
Verbatim
e0“a decrease in qE (energy dependent quenching) took place.”
t0“maize and field bean”
Claim · model-written summary
NPQ components differed between field bean and maize hybrids.
Verbatim
e0“NPQ components of field bean and maize hybrids differed from each other.”
Claim · model-written summary
Protective NPQ fraction was higher in field bean than maize at both light levels.
Verbatim
e0“The amount of protective NPQ (qE + qI,p) components as part of total NPQ was higher in field bean than in maize hybrids at both PFD.”
Claim · model-written summary
Protective quenching was 26.7% of NPQ in tolerant maize hybrids on day five.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On 5th day of chilling, the sum of qE and qI,p was 26.7 % of NPQ in tolerant maize hybrids”
Claim · model-written summary
Protective quenching was 17.6% of NPQ in sensitive maize hybrids on day five.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“17.6 % of NPQ in the sensitive one (averages for both PFD)”
e1“tolerant maize hybrids and 17.6 % of NPQ in the sensitive one”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher photon flux inhibited protective energy dissipation in all plants.
- Taxon
- maize and field beant0
- Treatment
- increased PFDe0
- Outcome
- ability of all plants to perform protective dissipation of absorbed energye0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The increased PFD inhibited the ability of all plants to perform protective dissipation of absorbed energy.”
t0“maize and field bean”