Abstract
The influence of fungicidal spray was assessed on powdery mildew epidemics caused by Erysiphe polygoni D.C. and on yield-attributing characters of mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]. Mildew attack adversely affected the yield-attributing characters of mungbean and exhibited negative significant correlation with pod length (-0.57), pods/plant (-0.74), pod weight (-0.68), 100 seeds weight (-0.69), 100 seeds swell weight (-0.59), and seed germination (-0.71). These characters had direct or indirect effects on grain yield, which was also adversely affected due to mildew attack (-0.89). Powdery mildew was significantly retarded due to the single spray of carbendazim (0.05%) at 30-day-old crop, where the apparent rate of infection (r) was minimum at 0.0095/ unit/day and with low (11.44%) powdery mildew intensity. Other fungicides like tridemorph (0.075%) and penconazole (0.05%) were equally effective against the mildew disease where the disease intensity was less than 20% and the values of r were 0.0134 and 0.039/unit/day respectively, as compared with the control at 0.267/unit/day. Fungicide spray influenced the yield-attributing characters besides controlling the disease. Such effects were more pronounced in carbendazim (0.05%)-treated plots due to its phytotonic nature where pod length (7.59cm), pods/plant (29.75), pod weight (8.16 g), 100 grain weight (3.94 g), and swell weight of 100 seed (9.49 g) were maximum resulting to the highest yield (480 kg/ha) as compared with that of control (224 kg/ha). Spray of carbendazim also improved seed germination (74.5%). Spray of other fungicides like carbendazim with copper oxychloride in 1:1 ratio, tridemorph (0.075%), and penconazole (0.05%) was equally effective against powdery mildew of mungbean. These fungicides also exhibited positive effects on yield-attributing characters of the crop and finally increased yield. These systemic fungicides were more effective in controlling powdery mildew disease of V. radiata in the rainy season compared with wettable sulphur.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Mildew attack negatively correlated with pod length at -0.57.
- Taxon
- mungbean
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Vigna radiatae0 - Interactor
- Erysiphe polygoni D.C.
Erysiphe polygonie1pathogent0 - Outcome
- pod lengthe0
- Direction
- negativee0
- Value
- -0.57e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Mildew attack adversely affected the yield-attributing characters of mungbean and exhibited negative significant correlation with pod length (-0.57), pods/plant (-0.74), pod weight (-0.68), 100 seeds weight (-0.69), 100 seeds swell weight (-0.59), and seed germination (-0.71).”
t0“Powdery Mildew Epidemics”
e1“powdery mildew epidemics caused by Erysiphe polygoni D.C.”
e2“single spray of carbendazim (0.05%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mildew attack negatively correlated with pods per plant at -0.74.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatat0
- Interactor
- Erysiphe polygoni D.C.Erysiphe polygonie1pathogent0
- Outcome
- pods/plante0
- Direction
- negativee0
- Value
- -0.74e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“negative significant correlation with pod length (-0.57), pods/plant (-0.74), pod weight (-0.68), 100 seeds weight (-0.69), 100 seeds swell weight (-0.59), and seed germination (-0.71).”
t0“Mungbean”
e1“powdery mildew epidemics caused by Erysiphe polygoni D.C.”
e2“single spray of carbendazim (0.05%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mildew attack negatively correlated with pod weight at -0.68.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatat0
- Interactor
- Erysiphe polygoni D.C.Erysiphe polygonie1pathogent0
- Outcome
- pod weighte0
- Direction
- negativee0
- Value
- -0.68e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“negative significant correlation with pod length (-0.57), pods/plant (-0.74), pod weight (-0.68), 100 seeds weight (-0.69), 100 seeds swell weight (-0.59), and seed germination (-0.71).”
t0“Mungbean”
e1“powdery mildew epidemics caused by Erysiphe polygoni D.C.”
e2“single spray of carbendazim (0.05%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mildew attack negatively correlated with 100-seed weight at -0.69.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatat0
- Interactor
- Erysiphe polygoni D.C.Erysiphe polygonie1pathogent0
- Outcome
- 100 seeds weighte0
- Direction
- negativee0
- Value
- -0.69e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“negative significant correlation with pod length (-0.57), pods/plant (-0.74), pod weight (-0.68), 100 seeds weight (-0.69), 100 seeds swell weight (-0.59), and seed germination (-0.71).”
t0“Mungbean”
e1“powdery mildew epidemics caused by Erysiphe polygoni D.C.”
e2“single spray of carbendazim (0.05%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mildew attack negatively correlated with 100-seed swell weight at -0.59.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatat0
- Interactor
- Erysiphe polygoni D.C.Erysiphe polygonie1pathogent0
- Outcome
- 100 seeds swell weighte0
- Direction
- negativee0
- Value
- -0.59e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“negative significant correlation with pod length (-0.57), pods/plant (-0.74), pod weight (-0.68), 100 seeds weight (-0.69), 100 seeds swell weight (-0.59), and seed germination (-0.71).”
t0“Mungbean”
e1“powdery mildew epidemics caused by Erysiphe polygoni D.C.”
e2“single spray of carbendazim (0.05%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mildew attack negatively correlated with seed germination at -0.71.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatat0
- Interactor
- Erysiphe polygoni D.C.Erysiphe polygonie1pathogent0
- Outcome
- seed germinatione0
- Direction
- negativee0
- Value
- -0.71e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“negative significant correlation with pod length (-0.57), pods/plant (-0.74), pod weight (-0.68), 100 seeds weight (-0.69), 100 seeds swell weight (-0.59), and seed germination (-0.71).”
t0“Mungbean”
e1“powdery mildew epidemics caused by Erysiphe polygoni D.C.”
e2“single spray of carbendazim (0.05%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mildew attack adversely affected grain yield, with reported correlation -0.89.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatat0
- Interactor
- Erysiphe polygoni D.C.Erysiphe polygonie1pathogent0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- adversely affectede0
- Value
- -0.89e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grain yield, which was also adversely affected due to mildew attack (-0.89).”
t0“Mungbean”
e1“powdery mildew epidemics caused by Erysiphe polygoni D.C.”
e2“single spray of carbendazim (0.05%)”
Claim · model-written summary
A carbendazim spray significantly retarded mildew; infection rate was 0.0095/unit/day.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- single spray of carbendazim (0.05%)e0
- Outcome
- apparent rate of infection (r)e0
- Direction
- minimume0
- Value
- 0.0095/ unit/daye0
- Qualifier
- 30-day-old crope0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Powdery mildew was significantly retarded due to the single spray of carbendazim (0.05%) at 30-day-old crop, where the apparent rate of infection (r) was minimum at 0.0095/ unit/day and with low (11.44%) powdery mildew intensity.”
t0“Mungbean”
e1“powdery mildew epidemics caused by Erysiphe polygoni D.C.”
e2“single spray of carbendazim (0.05%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbendazim-treated mildew intensity was 11.44%.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatat0
- Interactor
- Erysiphe polygoni D.C.Erysiphe polygonie1pathogent0
- Outcome
- powdery mildew intensitye0
- Direction
- lowe0
- Value
- 11.44%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“low (11.44%) powdery mildew intensity.”
t0“Mungbean”
e1“powdery mildew epidemics caused by Erysiphe polygoni D.C.”
e2“single spray of carbendazim (0.05%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Tridemorph reduced mildew intensity below 20% with infection rate 0.0134/unit/day.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- tridemorph (0.075%)e0
- Outcome
- disease intensitye0
- Direction
- less thane0
- Value
- 20%e0
- Qualifier
- 0.0134e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tridemorph (0.075%) and penconazole (0.05%) were equally effective against the mildew disease where the disease intensity was less than 20% and the values of r were 0.0134 and 0.039/unit/day respectively, as compared with the control at 0.267/unit/day.”
t0“Mungbean”
e1“powdery mildew epidemics caused by Erysiphe polygoni D.C.”
e2“single spray of carbendazim (0.05%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Penconazole reduced mildew intensity below 20% with infection rate 0.039/unit/day.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- penconazole (0.05%)e0
- Outcome
- disease intensitye0
- Direction
- less thane0
- Value
- 20%e0
- Qualifier
- 0.039/unit/daye0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tridemorph (0.075%) and penconazole (0.05%) were equally effective against the mildew disease where the disease intensity was less than 20% and the values of r were 0.0134 and 0.039/unit/day respectively, as compared with the control at 0.267/unit/day.”
t0“Mungbean”
e1“powdery mildew epidemics caused by Erysiphe polygoni D.C.”
e2“single spray of carbendazim (0.05%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbendazim produced maximum pod length of 7.59 cm.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- carbendazim (0.05%)e0
- Outcome
- pod lengthe0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 7.59cme0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“carbendazim (0.05%)-treated plots due to its phytotonic nature where pod length (7.59cm), pods/plant (29.75), pod weight (8.16 g), 100 grain weight (3.94 g), and swell weight of 100 seed (9.49 g) were maximum resulting to the highest yield (480 kg/ha) as compared with that of control (224 kg/ha).”
t0“Mungbean”
e1“powdery mildew epidemics caused by Erysiphe polygoni D.C.”
e2“single spray of carbendazim (0.05%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbendazim produced maximum 29.75 pods per plant.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- carbendazim (0.05%)e0
- Outcome
- pods/plante0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 29.75e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“carbendazim (0.05%)-treated plots due to its phytotonic nature where pod length (7.59cm), pods/plant (29.75), pod weight (8.16 g), 100 grain weight (3.94 g), and swell weight of 100 seed (9.49 g) were maximum resulting to the highest yield (480 kg/ha) as compared with that of control (224 kg/ha).”
t0“Mungbean”
e1“powdery mildew epidemics caused by Erysiphe polygoni D.C.”
e2“single spray of carbendazim (0.05%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbendazim produced maximum pod weight of 8.16 g.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- carbendazim (0.05%)e0
- Outcome
- pod weighte0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 8.16 ge0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“carbendazim (0.05%)-treated plots due to its phytotonic nature where pod length (7.59cm), pods/plant (29.75), pod weight (8.16 g), 100 grain weight (3.94 g), and swell weight of 100 seed (9.49 g) were maximum resulting to the highest yield (480 kg/ha) as compared with that of control (224 kg/ha).”
t0“Mungbean”
e1“powdery mildew epidemics caused by Erysiphe polygoni D.C.”
e2“single spray of carbendazim (0.05%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbendazim produced maximum 100-grain weight of 3.94 g.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- carbendazim (0.05%)e0
- Outcome
- 100 grain weighte0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 3.94 ge0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“carbendazim (0.05%)-treated plots due to its phytotonic nature where pod length (7.59cm), pods/plant (29.75), pod weight (8.16 g), 100 grain weight (3.94 g), and swell weight of 100 seed (9.49 g) were maximum resulting to the highest yield (480 kg/ha) as compared with that of control (224 kg/ha).”
t0“Mungbean”
e1“powdery mildew epidemics caused by Erysiphe polygoni D.C.”
e2“single spray of carbendazim (0.05%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbendazim produced maximum 100-seed swell weight of 9.49 g.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- carbendazim (0.05%)e0
- Outcome
- swell weight of 100 seede0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 9.49 ge0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“carbendazim (0.05%)-treated plots due to its phytotonic nature where pod length (7.59cm), pods/plant (29.75), pod weight (8.16 g), 100 grain weight (3.94 g), and swell weight of 100 seed (9.49 g) were maximum resulting to the highest yield (480 kg/ha) as compared with that of control (224 kg/ha).”
t0“Mungbean”
e1“powdery mildew epidemics caused by Erysiphe polygoni D.C.”
e2“single spray of carbendazim (0.05%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbendazim gave highest yield of 480 kg/ha versus 224 kg/ha control.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- carbendazime2
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 480 kg/hae0
- Qualifier
- 224 kg/hae0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“highest yield (480 kg/ha) as compared with that of control (224 kg/ha).”
t0“Mungbean”
e1“powdery mildew epidemics caused by Erysiphe polygoni D.C.”
e2“single spray of carbendazim (0.05%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbendazim improved seed germination to 74.5%.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- Spray of carbendazime0
- Outcome
- seed germinatione0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 74.5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spray of carbendazim also improved seed germination (74.5%).”
t0“Mungbean”
e1“powdery mildew epidemics caused by Erysiphe polygoni D.C.”
e2“single spray of carbendazim (0.05%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbendazim with copper oxychloride, tridemorph and penconazole sprays were equally effective against mildew and increased yield traits.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatae0
- Treatment
- carbendazim with copper oxychloride in 1:1 ratioe0
- Outcome
- powdery mildewe0
- Direction
- equally effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spray of other fungicides like carbendazim with copper oxychloride in 1:1 ratio, tridemorph (0.075%), and penconazole (0.05%) was equally effective against powdery mildew of mungbean. These fungicides also exhibited positive effects on yield-attributing characters of the crop and finally increased yield.”
Claim · model-written summary
Systemic fungicides controlled rainy-season mungbean powdery mildew more effectively than wettable sulphur.
- Taxon
- V. radiataVigna radiatae0
- Treatment
- systemic fungicidese0
- Outcome
- powdery mildew diseasee0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
- Qualifier
- rainy seasone0
- Comparator
- wettable sulphure0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These systemic fungicides were more effective in controlling powdery mildew disease of V. radiata in the rainy season compared with wettable sulphur.”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.