Abstract
A greenhouse to study the response of 'Hildares' tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill.) to Piriformospora indica inoculation under osmotic and specific chloride toxicity conditions was conducted in a controlled glasshouse, during the summer season of 2013. The osmotic stress was introduced by irrigation with multicomponent saline water of different electrolyte concentrations (0, 50 and 100 molc/m 3 ) and two ionic compositions, i.e., Cl:SO4 ratio (1:1 or 3:1) at a fixed SAR of 5. The plants were harvested at three times. Irrigation with high osmotic potential solutions (100 molc/m 3 ) significantly reduced fresh and dry weights of both shoots and roots, height of the plants, photosynthesis (Pn) and transpiration (T) rates and leaf water potential (Ψw). Increasing Cl:SO4 ratio of the irrigation water from 1:1 to 3:1 significantly increased the former reductions in the plant parameters. Considerable insignificant variations in growth, leaf water potential and gas exchange of P. indica non-inoculated and inoculated plants were observed. The results have shown insignificant increases in growth of P. indica inoculated plants grown under severe salinity stress, corresponded a significant increase in CO2 assimilation rate in the final harvest and leaf water potential and transpiration rate in the first harvest. The P. indica inoculated plants irrigated with 50 and 100 molc/m 3 of Cl:SO4 ratio of 3:1 had significantly higher proline contents than those non-stressed and non-inoculated plants. In conclusion, the study suggests that tomato response to inoculation with P. indica is affected by the single effect of electrolyte concentration an ionic composition of the irrigation water rather than the interaction between the osmotic stress and specific chloride toxicity. For successful irrigation with saline water, attention, as a consequence, should be directed to use saline water that is characterized by high electrolyte concentrations and predominance of chloride ion.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
High osmotic solution reduced tomato growth, gas exchange and leaf water potential.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- high osmotic potential solutions (100 molc/m 3 )e0
- Outcome
- fresh and dry weights of both shoots and roots, height of the plants, photosynthesis (Pn) and transpiration (T) rates and leaf water potential (Ψw)e0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irrigation with high osmotic potential solutions (100 molc/m 3 ) significantly reduced fresh and dry weights of both shoots and roots, height of the plants, photosynthesis (Pn) and transpiration (T) rates and leaf water potential (Ψw).”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher chloride ratio increased the reductions in tomato parameters.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Cl:SO4 ratio of the irrigation watere0
- Outcome
- reductions in the plant parameterse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 3:1e0
- Comparator
- 1:1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing Cl:SO4 ratio of the irrigation water from 1:1 to 3:1 significantly increased the former reductions in the plant parameters.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated and non-inoculated tomato plants had insignificant differences in growth, leaf water potential and gas exchange.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- inoculated plantse0
- Interactor
- Piriformospora indicaSerendipita indicat1symbiont
- Outcome
- growth, leaf water potential and gas exchangee0
- Comparator
- non-inoculatede0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Considerable insignificant variations in growth, leaf water potential and gas exchange of P. indica non-inoculated and inoculated plants were observed.”
t0“tomato”
t1“Piriformospora indica”
Claim · model-written summary
Under severe salinity, fungal inoculation produced insignificant growth increases.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- P. indica inoculatede0
- Interactor
- Piriformospora indicaSerendipita indicat1symbiont
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Qualifier
- severe salinity stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“insignificant increases in growth of P. indica inoculated plants grown under severe salinity stress”
t0“tomato”
t1“Piriformospora indica”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungal inoculation increased tomato carbon dioxide assimilation at final harvest.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Piriformospora indicat1
- Interactor
- Piriformospora indicaSerendipita indicat1symbiont
- Outcome
- CO2 assimilation ratee0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- final harveste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a significant increase in CO2 assimilation rate in the final harvest”
t0“tomato”
t1“Piriformospora indica”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungal inoculation increased leaf water potential and transpiration at first harvest.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Piriformospora indicat1
- Interactor
- Piriformospora indicaSerendipita indicat1symbiont
- Outcome
- leaf water potential and transpiration ratee0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- first harveste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a significant increase in CO2 assimilation rate in the final harvest and leaf water potential and transpiration rate in the first harvest”
t0“tomato”
t1“Piriformospora indica”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated tomato under saline high-chloride irrigation had higher proline content than non-stressed non-inoculated plants.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- P. indica inoculated plants irrigated with 50 and 100 molc/m 3 of Cl:SO4 ratio of 3:1e0
- Interactor
- Piriformospora indicaSerendipita indicat1symbiont
- Outcome
- proline contentse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- non-stressed and non-inoculated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The P. indica inoculated plants irrigated with 50 and 100 molc/m 3 of Cl:SO4 ratio of 3:1 had significantly higher proline contents than those non-stressed and non-inoculated plants.”
t0“tomato”
t1“Piriformospora indica”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors interpreted tomato response to inoculation as affected by separate electrolyte concentration and ionic composition effects.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Interactor
- P. indicaSerendipita indicae0symbiont
- Outcome
- response to inoculation with P. indicae0
- Qualifier
- single effect of electrolyte concentration an ionic composition of the irrigation watere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tomato response to inoculation with P. indica is affected by the single effect of electrolyte concentration an ionic composition of the irrigation water rather than the interaction between the osmotic stress and specific chloride toxicity.”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors recommend attention to saline water with high electrolyte concentration and predominant chloride for irrigation.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- use saline water that is characterized by high electrolyte concentrations and predominance of chloride ione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For successful irrigation with saline water, attention, as a consequence, should be directed to use saline water that is characterized by high electrolyte concentrations and predominance of chloride ion.”
t0“tomato”
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