Abstract
A field experiment was conducted during 2002-04 to study the effect of integrated supply of organic manures, inorganic fertilizers and biofertilizers on soil properties and yield of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck) grown on Vertisol. The treatments were application of farmyard manure, vermicompost, wheat straw and green manuring with sannhemp alone or along with inorganic or bio-fertilizers. All organic manurial treatments were highly effective to improve the physical properties of soil, farmyard manure to meet 100% N being the best. Application of wheat straw along with inorganic fertilizer was equally effective, especially for infiltration characteristics of soil. Combined application of various organic manures to meet 50% N along with 50% of NPK and bio-fertilizers recorded significant increase in available N, P and K content in the soil with maximum fruit yields. Considerable increase of available Zn and Mn was observed with farmyard manure application and of Fe with vermicompost application alone or in combinations with inorganic fertilizers. Correlation studies indicated that primarily available N (r = 0.625), available K (r = 0.471) and available P (r = 0.335) contributed to fruit yield while micronutrients as available Mn (r = 0.306), available Fe (r = 0.290) and available Zn (r = 0.229) and physical properties as cumulative infiltration (r = 0.260), infiltration rate (r = 0.227) and maximum water-holding capacity (r = 0.225) play a supportive role in augmenting the quantum of fruit yield.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Organic manure improved soil physical properties, with full-N farmyard manure best.
- Taxon
- sweet orange
Citrus sinensist0 - Treatment
- organic manurial treatmentse0
- Outcome
- physical properties of soile0
- Direction
- improvee0
- Qualifier
- farmyard manure to meet 100% N being the beste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All organic manurial treatments were highly effective to improve the physical properties of soil, farmyard manure to meet 100% N being the best.”
t0“sweet orange (Citrus sinensis)”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat straw with inorganic fertilizer improved soil infiltration similarly.
- Taxon
- sweet orangeCitrus sinensist0
- Treatment
- wheat straw along with inorganic fertilizere0
- Outcome
- infiltration characteristics of soile0
- Direction
- equally effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of wheat straw along with inorganic fertilizer was equally effective, especially for infiltration characteristics of soil.”
t0“sweet orange (Citrus sinensis)”
Claim · model-written summary
Half-N organic manure plus half-NPK and biofertilizers significantly increased available N, P and K and maximized fruit yield.
- Taxon
- sweet orangeCitrus sinensist0
- Treatment
- various organic manures to meet 50% N along with 50% of NPK and bio-fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- available N, P and K content in the soile0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combined application of various organic manures to meet 50% N along with 50% of NPK and bio-fertilizers recorded significant increase in available N, P and K content in the soil with maximum fruit yields.”
t0“sweet orange (Citrus sinensis)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined half-N organic manure, half-NPK and biofertilizers gave maximum fruit yield.
- Taxon
- sweet orangeCitrus sinensist0
- Treatment
- various organic manures to meet 50% N along with 50% of NPK and bio-fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- fruit yieldse0
- Direction
- maximume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combined application of various organic manures to meet 50% N along with 50% of NPK and bio-fertilizers recorded significant increase in available N, P and K content in the soil with maximum fruit yields.”
t0“sweet orange (Citrus sinensis)”
Claim · model-written summary
Farmyard manure increased soil Zn and Mn availability.
- Taxon
- sweet orangeCitrus sinensist0
- Treatment
- farmyard manure applicatione0
- Outcome
- available Zn and Mne0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Considerable increase of available Zn and Mn was observed with farmyard manure application”
t0“sweet orange (Citrus sinensis)”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost increased available Fe.
- Taxon
- sweet orangeCitrus sinensist0
- Treatment
- vermicompost application alone or in combinations with inorganic fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- Fee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“of Fe with vermicompost application alone or in combinations with inorganic fertilizers.”
t0“sweet orange (Citrus sinensis)”
Claim · model-written summary
Available N correlated positively with fruit yield at r=0.625.
- Taxon
- sweet orangeCitrus sinensist0
- Compound
- available Ne0
- Outcome
- fruit yielde0
- Value
- r = 0.625e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“available N (r = 0.625), available K (r = 0.471) and available P (r = 0.335) contributed to fruit yield”
t0“sweet orange (Citrus sinensis)”
Claim · model-written summary
Available K correlated positively with fruit yield at r=0.471.
- Taxon
- sweet orangeCitrus sinensist0
- Compound
- available Ke0
- Outcome
- fruit yielde0
- Value
- r = 0.471e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“available N (r = 0.625), available K (r = 0.471) and available P (r = 0.335) contributed to fruit yield”
t0“sweet orange (Citrus sinensis)”
Claim · model-written summary
Available P correlated positively with fruit yield at r=0.335.
- Taxon
- sweet orangeCitrus sinensist0
- Compound
- available Pe0
- Outcome
- fruit yielde0
- Value
- r = 0.335e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“available N (r = 0.625), available K (r = 0.471) and available P (r = 0.335) contributed to fruit yield”
t0“sweet orange (Citrus sinensis)”
Claim · model-written summary
Available Mn correlated with fruit yield at r=0.306.
- Taxon
- sweet orangeCitrus sinensist0
- Compound
- available Mne0
- Value
- r = 0.306e0
Not reportedOutcomeDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“available Mn (r = 0.306)”
t0“sweet orange (Citrus sinensis)”
Claim · model-written summary
Available Fe correlated with fruit yield at r=0.290.
- Taxon
- sweet orangeCitrus sinensist0
- Compound
- available Fee0
- Value
- r = 0.290e0
Not reportedOutcomeDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“available Fe (r = 0.290)”
t0“sweet orange (Citrus sinensis)”
Claim · model-written summary
Available Zn correlated with fruit yield at r=0.229.
- Taxon
- sweet orangeCitrus sinensist0
- Compound
- available Zne0
- Value
- r = 0.229e0
Not reportedOutcomeDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“available Zn (r = 0.229)”
t0“sweet orange (Citrus sinensis)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cumulative infiltration correlated with fruit yield at r=0.260.
- Taxon
- sweet orangeCitrus sinensist0
- Value
- r = 0.260e0
- Setting
- cumulative infiltratione0
Not reportedOutcomeDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cumulative infiltration (r = 0.260)”
t0“sweet orange (Citrus sinensis)”
Claim · model-written summary
Infiltration rate correlated with fruit yield at r=0.227.
- Taxon
- sweet orangeCitrus sinensist0
- Value
- r = 0.227e0
- Setting
- infiltration ratee0
Not reportedOutcomeDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“infiltration rate (r = 0.227)”
t0“sweet orange (Citrus sinensis)”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum water-holding capacity correlated with fruit yield at r=0.225.
- Taxon
- sweet orangeCitrus sinensist0
- Value
- r = 0.225e0
- Setting
- maximum water-holding capacitye0
Not reportedOutcomeDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maximum water-holding capacity (r = 0.225)”
t0“sweet orange (Citrus sinensis)”
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