Abstract
Pot experiments were conducted in 2002 and 2003 to investigate the effects of soil copper(Cu) concentration on growth, development and yield formation of rice by using the japonica cultivar Wuxiangjing 14 and hybrid rice combination Shanyou 63. The plant height, leaf number, elongated internode number and heading date of rice plants were not affected at soil Cu levels below 200 mg/kg, but affected significantly at above 400 mg/kg. The inhibitory effects on rice growth and development were increased with the increment of soil Cu levels. The grain yields decreased significantly with raising soil Cu levels. The main reasons for the grain yield reductions under lower soil Cu levels (100, 200 mg/kg) were mainly due to the decrease of number of spikelets per panicle, however, under higher soil Cu levels (more than 400 mg/kg), both panicle number and number of spikelets per panicle contributed to the yield loss. The decreases of panicle number by Cu stress were mainly attributed to slow recovery from transplanting, delayed tillering and reduced maximum tiller numbers. The reduction of number of spikelets per panicle under soil Cu stress resulted from the decreases of both shoot dry weight (SDW) at the heading date and the ratio of spikelets to SDW. Total biomass at maturity decreased significantly with the increase of soil Cu levels, while economic coefficient showed non-significant decrease except under soil Cu levels above 800 mg/kg.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Plant height, leaf number and elongated internode number of rice were not affected at soil Cu levels below 200 mg/kg.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae1 - Treatment
- soil Cu levelse1
- Outcome
- plant height, leaf number, elongated internode numbere1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The plant height, leaf number, elongated internode number and heading date of rice plants were not affected at soil Cu levels below 200 mg/kg, but affected significantly at above 400 mg/kg”
Claim · model-written summary
Heading date of rice was not affected at soil Cu levels below 200 mg/kg.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- soil Cu levelse1
- Outcome
- heading datee1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The plant height, leaf number, elongated internode number and heading date of rice plants were not affected at soil Cu levels below 200 mg/kg, but affected significantly at above 400 mg/kg”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant height, leaf number and elongated internode number of rice were significantly affected at soil Cu levels above 400 mg/kg.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- soil Cu levelse1
- Outcome
- plant height, leaf number, elongated internode numbere1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The plant height, leaf number, elongated internode number and heading date of rice plants were not affected at soil Cu levels below 200 mg/kg, but affected significantly at above 400 mg/kg”
Claim · model-written summary
Heading date of rice was significantly affected at soil Cu levels above 400 mg/kg.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- soil Cu levelse1
- Outcome
- heading datee1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The plant height, leaf number, elongated internode number and heading date of rice plants were not affected at soil Cu levels below 200 mg/kg, but affected significantly at above 400 mg/kg”
Claim · model-written summary
Inhibitory effects on rice growth and development increased with rising soil Cu levels.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae3
- Treatment
- soil Cu levelse3
- Outcome
- inhibitory effects on rice growth and developmente3
- Direction
- increasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“The inhibitory effects on rice growth and development were increased with the increment of soil Cu levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield of rice decreased significantly with raising soil Cu levels.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- raising soil Cu levelse4
- Outcome
- grain yieldse4
- Direction
- decreasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“The grain yields decreased significantly with raising soil Cu levels”
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield reductions under lower soil Cu levels were mainly due to fewer spikelets per panicle.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- lower soil Cu levels (100, 200 mg/kg)e5
- Outcome
- grain yield reductionse5
- Qualifier
- the decrease of number of spikelets per paniclee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“The main reasons for the grain yield reductions under lower soil Cu levels (100, 200 mg/kg) were mainly due to the decrease of number of spikelets per panicle”
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Under higher soil Cu levels, both panicle number and spikelets per panicle contributed to yield loss.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- higher soil Cu levels (more than 400 mg/kg)e6
- Outcome
- yield losse6
- Qualifier
- both panicle number and number of spikelets per paniclee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“however, under higher soil Cu levels (more than 400 mg/kg), both panicle number and number of spikelets per panicle contributed to the yield loss”
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Panicle number of rice decreased under Cu stress, attributed to slow recovery, delayed tillering and fewer maximum tillers.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Cu stresse7
- Outcome
- panicle numbere7
- Direction
- decreasese7
- Qualifier
- slow recovery from transplanting, delayed tillering and reduced maximum tiller numberse7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“The decreases of panicle number by Cu stress were mainly attributed to slow recovery from transplanting, delayed tillering and reduced maximum tiller numbers”
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced spikelets per panicle under soil Cu stress resulted from decreased shoot dry weight at heading and a lower spikelet-to-SDW ratio.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- soil Cu stresse0
- Outcome
- number of spikelets per paniclee0
- Qualifier
- shoot dry weight (SDW) at the heading datee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The reduction of number of spikelets per panicle under soil Cu stress resulted from the decreases of both shoot dry weight (SDW) at the heading date and the ratio of spikelets to SDW”
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Total biomass at maturity decreased significantly with increasing soil Cu levels.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- soil Cu levelse1
- Outcome
- Total biomass at maturitye1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Total biomass at maturity decreased significantly with the increase of soil Cu levels, while economic coefficient showed non-significant decrease except under soil Cu levels above 800 mg/kg”
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Economic coefficient showed a non-significant decrease, except under soil Cu levels above 800 mg/kg.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- soil Cu levelse2
- Outcome
- economic coefficiente2
- Direction
- decreasee2
- Qualifier
- except under soil Cu levels above 800 mg/kge2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“economic coefficient showed non-significant decrease except under soil Cu levels above 800 mg/kg”
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa)”
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