Abstract
Two kinds of dinitroaniline-resistant biotypes of goosegrass have been found in counties in South Carolina where trifluralin is used for weed control. One biotype, termed the resistant (R) biotype, resists trifluralin about 1000- to 10 000-fold. The other biotype is intermediate (I) in resistance between the R and susceptible (S) biotypes, resisting trifluralin about 50-fold. Growth studies and root tip squashes were used to determine the level of resistance to other dinitroaniline herbicides. The R biotype is cross resistant to all dinitroaniline herbicides, and the I biotype is highly resistant to some and is resistant to others only at a low level. The cross resistance of the I biotype to other dinitroaniline herbicides does not correlate with structural or solubility characteristics of the herbicides. Electron microscopic investigations indicate that cell plate formation (controlled by phragmoplast microtubule arrays) is affected at lower herbicide concentrations than spindle microtubule formations. The level of herbicide resistance, the pattern of cross resistance, and the ultrastructural effects induced by the herbicide indicate that the I biotype has a unique mechanism of resistance from the R biotype.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
The R biotype resisted trifluralin about 1000- to 10 000-fold.
Verbatim
t0“Goosegrass (Eleusine indica)”
e0“One biotype, termed the resistant (R) biotype, resists trifluralin about 1000- to 10 000-fold.”
Claim · model-written summary
The I biotype resisted trifluralin about 50-fold and had intermediate resistance.
Verbatim
t0“Goosegrass (Eleusine indica)”
e0“The other biotype is intermediate (I) in resistance between the R and susceptible (S) biotypes, resisting trifluralin about 50-fold.”
Claim · model-written summary
The R biotype is cross resistant to all dinitroaniline herbicides
Verbatim
t0“Goosegrass (Eleusine indica)”
e0“The R biotype is cross resistant to all dinitroaniline herbicides”
Claim · model-written summary
the I biotype is highly resistant to some and is resistant to others only at a low level.
Verbatim
t0“Goosegrass (Eleusine indica)”
e0“the I biotype is highly resistant to some and is resistant to others only at a low level.”
Claim · model-written summary
The cross resistance of the I biotype to other dinitroaniline herbicides does not correlate with structural or solubility characteristics of the herbicides.
Verbatim
t0“Goosegrass (Eleusine indica)”
e0“The cross resistance of the I biotype to other dinitroaniline herbicides does not correlate with structural or solubility characteristics of the herbicides.”
Claim · model-written summary
cell plate formation (controlled by phragmoplast microtubule arrays) is affected at lower herbicide concentrations than spindle microtubule formations.
- Taxon
- Goosegrasst0
- Outcome
- cell plate formation (controlled by phragmoplast microtubule arrays) is affected at lower herbicide concentrations than spindle microtubule formations.e0
- Qualifier
- cell plate formation (controlled by phragmoplast microtubule arrays) is affected at lower herbicide concentrations than spindle microtubule formations.e0
Verbatim
t0“Goosegrass (Eleusine indica)”
e0“cell plate formation (controlled by phragmoplast microtubule arrays) is affected at lower herbicide concentrations than spindle microtubule formations.”
Claim · model-written summary
the I biotype has a unique mechanism of resistance from the R biotype.
Verbatim
t0“Goosegrass (Eleusine indica)”
e0“the I biotype has a unique mechanism of resistance from the R biotype.”