Paper · 2000 · Journal of Environmental Horticulture

Evaluation of Bedding Plant Varieties for Resistance to Phytophthora

Thomas J. Banko; Marcia A. Stefani

9
claims
9
verbatim quotes
6
citations
2
research areas
✓
Open access

Abstract

Abstract Seedlings of several annual and perennial bedding plant species were inoculated with an isolate of Phytophthora nicotianae (synonym = P. parasitica ) and planted into field beds in a simulated landscape situation. Throughout the growing season, growth measurements and disease ratings of the inoculated plants were compared with those of non-inoculated control plants of the same species in identical beds. Phytophthora -inoculated plants that continued to thrive through most of the growing season included Ageratum houstonianum , Celosia ‘Apricot Brandy’, and ‘New Look’; Dahlia ‘Harlequin’; Eustoma grandiflorum (prairie gentian); Lobularia ‘Carpet of Snow’; Nicotiana ‘Alta Dwarf White’, ‘Domino Salmon’, and ‘Nicki Red’; Pelargonium (geranium) ‘Multibloom Scarlet Eye’; Petunia ‘Polo Salmon’, and ‘Sugar Daddy’; Portulaca ‘Sundial Peppermint’; Rudbeckia ‘Rustic Dwarf’; Salvia ‘Lady in Red’, and ‘Victoria Blue’; Tagetes (marigold) ‘Disco Mix’, ‘Inca Orange’, ‘Inca Yellow’, ‘Janie Harmony Improved’, and ‘Gold Fireworks’; and Zinnia angustifolia . Plants that performed poorly following inoculation with Phytophthora include Antirrhinum (snapdragon) ‘Liberty White’, and ‘Liberty Mix’; Catharanthus (vinca) ‘Little Bright Eye’, and ‘Tropicana Rose’; Hibiscus ‘Disco Belle Mix’; Impatiens ‘Accent Bright Eye’; Leucanthemum x ‘Alaska’; Melampodium ‘Medallion’; Salvia ‘Turkestanica’; Torenia ‘Clown Mix’; Verbena ‘Imagination’; and Viola (pansy) ‘Fama See Me’. This study identifies bedding plant taxa which will provide an acceptable display in landscape beds infested with Phytopthora nicotianae (synonym = P. parasitica ).

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Claims 9

Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Ageratum houstonianum, Celosia, Dahlia continued to thrive after Phytophthora inoculation.

Taxon
Ageratum houstonianumAgeratum houstonianume0
Treatment
Phytophthorae0
Interactor
PhytophthoraPhytophthorae0pathogen
Outcome
continued to thrivee0

Not reportedQualifier

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Ageratum houstonianum
Ageratum houstonianum · TaxonHarry Alverson · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Phytophthora
Phytophthora · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)Rasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Phytophthora -inoculated plants that continued to thrive through most of the growing season included Ageratum houstonianum , Celosia ‘Apricot Brandy’, and ‘New Look’; Dahlia ‘Harlequin’; Eustoma grandiflorum (prairie gentian); Lobularia ‘Carpet of Snow’; Nicotiana ‘Alta Dwarf White’, ‘Domino Salmon’, and ‘Nicki Red’; Pelargonium (geranium) ‘Multibloom Scarlet Eye’; Petunia ‘Polo Salmon’, and ‘Sugar Daddy’; Portulaca ‘Sundial Peppermint’; Rudbeckia ‘Rustic Dwarf’; Salvia ‘Lady in Red’, and ‘Victoria Blue’; Tagetes (marigold) ‘Disco Mix’, ‘Inca Orange’, ‘Inca Yellow’, ‘Janie Harmony Improved’, and ‘Gold Fireworks’; and Zinnia angustifolia .”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 416–1062 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Eustoma grandiflorum, Lobularia, Nicotiana continued to thrive after Phytophthora inoculation.

Taxon
Eustoma grandiflorumEustoma russellianume0
Treatment
Phytophthorae0
Interactor
PhytophthoraPhytophthorae0pathogen
Outcome
continued to thrivee0

Not reportedQualifier

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Eustoma russellianum
Eustoma russellianum · TaxonSam Kieschnick · CC BY 4.0 · iNaturalist ↗
Phytophthora
Phytophthora · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)Rasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Phytophthora -inoculated plants that continued to thrive through most of the growing season included Ageratum houstonianum , Celosia ‘Apricot Brandy’, and ‘New Look’; Dahlia ‘Harlequin’; Eustoma grandiflorum (prairie gentian); Lobularia ‘Carpet of Snow’; Nicotiana ‘Alta Dwarf White’, ‘Domino Salmon’, and ‘Nicki Red’; Pelargonium (geranium) ‘Multibloom Scarlet Eye’; Petunia ‘Polo Salmon’, and ‘Sugar Daddy’; Portulaca ‘Sundial Peppermint’; Rudbeckia ‘Rustic Dwarf’; Salvia ‘Lady in Red’, and ‘Victoria Blue’; Tagetes (marigold) ‘Disco Mix’, ‘Inca Orange’, ‘Inca Yellow’, ‘Janie Harmony Improved’, and ‘Gold Fireworks’; and Zinnia angustifolia .”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 416–1062 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Pelargonium, Petunia, Portulaca continued to thrive after Phytophthora inoculation.

Taxon
PelargoniumPelargoniume0
Treatment
Phytophthorae0
Interactor
PhytophthoraPhytophthorae0pathogen
Outcome
continued to thrivee0

Not reportedQualifier

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Pelargonium
Pelargonium · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Krzysztof Golik · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Phytophthora
Phytophthora · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)Rasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Phytophthora -inoculated plants that continued to thrive through most of the growing season included Ageratum houstonianum , Celosia ‘Apricot Brandy’, and ‘New Look’; Dahlia ‘Harlequin’; Eustoma grandiflorum (prairie gentian); Lobularia ‘Carpet of Snow’; Nicotiana ‘Alta Dwarf White’, ‘Domino Salmon’, and ‘Nicki Red’; Pelargonium (geranium) ‘Multibloom Scarlet Eye’; Petunia ‘Polo Salmon’, and ‘Sugar Daddy’; Portulaca ‘Sundial Peppermint’; Rudbeckia ‘Rustic Dwarf’; Salvia ‘Lady in Red’, and ‘Victoria Blue’; Tagetes (marigold) ‘Disco Mix’, ‘Inca Orange’, ‘Inca Yellow’, ‘Janie Harmony Improved’, and ‘Gold Fireworks’; and Zinnia angustifolia .”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 416–1062 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Rudbeckia, Salvia, Tagetes continued to thrive after Phytophthora inoculation.

Taxon
RudbeckiaRudbeckiae0
Treatment
Phytophthorae0
Interactor
PhytophthoraPhytophthorae0pathogen
Outcome
continued to thrivee0

Not reportedQualifier

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Rudbeckia
Rudbeckia · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Dcoetzee · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Phytophthora
Phytophthora · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)Rasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Phytophthora -inoculated plants that continued to thrive through most of the growing season included Ageratum houstonianum , Celosia ‘Apricot Brandy’, and ‘New Look’; Dahlia ‘Harlequin’; Eustoma grandiflorum (prairie gentian); Lobularia ‘Carpet of Snow’; Nicotiana ‘Alta Dwarf White’, ‘Domino Salmon’, and ‘Nicki Red’; Pelargonium (geranium) ‘Multibloom Scarlet Eye’; Petunia ‘Polo Salmon’, and ‘Sugar Daddy’; Portulaca ‘Sundial Peppermint’; Rudbeckia ‘Rustic Dwarf’; Salvia ‘Lady in Red’, and ‘Victoria Blue’; Tagetes (marigold) ‘Disco Mix’, ‘Inca Orange’, ‘Inca Yellow’, ‘Janie Harmony Improved’, and ‘Gold Fireworks’; and Zinnia angustifolia .”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 416–1062 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Zinnia angustifolia continued to thrive after Phytophthora inoculation.

Taxon
Zinnia angustifoliaZinnia angustifoliae0
Treatment
Phytophthorae0
Interactor
PhytophthoraPhytophthorae0pathogen
Outcome
continued to thrivee0
Qualifier
Zinnia angustifoliae0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zinnia angustifolia
Zinnia angustifolia · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryBalise42 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Phytophthora
Phytophthora · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)Rasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Phytophthora -inoculated plants that continued to thrive through most of the growing season included Ageratum houstonianum , Celosia ‘Apricot Brandy’, and ‘New Look’; Dahlia ‘Harlequin’; Eustoma grandiflorum (prairie gentian); Lobularia ‘Carpet of Snow’; Nicotiana ‘Alta Dwarf White’, ‘Domino Salmon’, and ‘Nicki Red’; Pelargonium (geranium) ‘Multibloom Scarlet Eye’; Petunia ‘Polo Salmon’, and ‘Sugar Daddy’; Portulaca ‘Sundial Peppermint’; Rudbeckia ‘Rustic Dwarf’; Salvia ‘Lady in Red’, and ‘Victoria Blue’; Tagetes (marigold) ‘Disco Mix’, ‘Inca Orange’, ‘Inca Yellow’, ‘Janie Harmony Improved’, and ‘Gold Fireworks’; and Zinnia angustifolia .”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 416–1062 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Antirrhinum, Catharanthus, Hibiscus performed poorly after Phytophthora inoculation.

Taxon
AntirrhinumAntirrhinume0
Treatment
Phytophthorae0
Interactor
PhytophthoraPhytophthorae0pathogen
Outcome
performed poorlye0

Not reportedQualifier

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Antirrhinum
Antirrhinum · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Sabina Bajracharya · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Phytophthora
Phytophthora · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)Rasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Plants that performed poorly following inoculation with Phytophthora include Antirrhinum (snapdragon) ‘Liberty White’, and ‘Liberty Mix’; Catharanthus (vinca) ‘Little Bright Eye’, and ‘Tropicana Rose’; Hibiscus ‘Disco Belle Mix’; Impatiens ‘Accent Bright Eye’; Leucanthemum x ‘Alaska’; Melampodium ‘Medallion’; Salvia ‘Turkestanica’; Torenia ‘Clown Mix’; Verbena ‘Imagination’; and Viola (pansy) ‘Fama See Me’.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1063–1473 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Impatiens, Leucanthemum, Melampodium performed poorly after Phytophthora inoculation.

Taxon
ImpatiensImpatiense0
Treatment
Phytophthorae0
Interactor
PhytophthoraPhytophthorae0pathogen
Outcome
performed poorlye0

Not reportedQualifier

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Impatiens
Impatiens · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Cj.samson · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Phytophthora
Phytophthora · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)Rasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Plants that performed poorly following inoculation with Phytophthora include Antirrhinum (snapdragon) ‘Liberty White’, and ‘Liberty Mix’; Catharanthus (vinca) ‘Little Bright Eye’, and ‘Tropicana Rose’; Hibiscus ‘Disco Belle Mix’; Impatiens ‘Accent Bright Eye’; Leucanthemum x ‘Alaska’; Melampodium ‘Medallion’; Salvia ‘Turkestanica’; Torenia ‘Clown Mix’; Verbena ‘Imagination’; and Viola (pansy) ‘Fama See Me’.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1063–1473 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Salvia, Torenia, Verbena performed poorly after Phytophthora inoculation.

Taxon
SalviaSalviae0
Treatment
Phytophthorae0
Interactor
PhytophthoraPhytophthorae0pathogen
Outcome
performed poorlye0

Not reportedQualifier

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Salvia
Salvia · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Rob Hille · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Phytophthora
Phytophthora · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)Rasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Plants that performed poorly following inoculation with Phytophthora include Antirrhinum (snapdragon) ‘Liberty White’, and ‘Liberty Mix’; Catharanthus (vinca) ‘Little Bright Eye’, and ‘Tropicana Rose’; Hibiscus ‘Disco Belle Mix’; Impatiens ‘Accent Bright Eye’; Leucanthemum x ‘Alaska’; Melampodium ‘Medallion’; Salvia ‘Turkestanica’; Torenia ‘Clown Mix’; Verbena ‘Imagination’; and Viola (pansy) ‘Fama See Me’.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1063–1473 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Viola performed poorly after Phytophthora inoculation.

Taxon
ViolaViolae0
Treatment
Phytophthorae0
Interactor
PhytophthoraPhytophthorae0pathogen
Outcome
performed poorlye0
Qualifier
Violae0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Viola
Viola · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)H. Zell · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Phytophthora
Phytophthora · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)Rasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Plants that performed poorly following inoculation with Phytophthora include Antirrhinum (snapdragon) ‘Liberty White’, and ‘Liberty Mix’; Catharanthus (vinca) ‘Little Bright Eye’, and ‘Tropicana Rose’; Hibiscus ‘Disco Belle Mix’; Impatiens ‘Accent Bright Eye’; Leucanthemum x ‘Alaska’; Melampodium ‘Medallion’; Salvia ‘Turkestanica’; Torenia ‘Clown Mix’; Verbena ‘Imagination’; and Viola (pansy) ‘Fama See Me’.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1063–1473 · show in text ↑