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“knobs”

13 matches

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plus 11 non-evaluative

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plus 2 earlier · 1930s–1940s

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Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The knobs measured about 0.35 μm thick.

Taxon: Vicia fabaVicia fabae1
Outcome: thickness of these knobse0
Value: about 0.35 μme0

Verbatim

e0
“The thickness of these knobs was about 0.35 μm.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1122–1169

e1
“Vicia faba”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 67–77

Title

Three‐dimensional architecture of the higher plant nucleolonema disclosed on serial ultrathin sections

S Sato Biology of the Cell 1992. doi:10.1016/0248-4900(92)90144-p

Other claims from this paper (10)

Observation Silver staining revealed lateral and transverse nucleolonema segments.
Observation Lateral segments had three filament configurations.
Observation Along sections, type I appeared first, then type II or III, and finally type I again.
Observation Type II and III widths remained about 1.0 μm and type I was significantly narrower.
Observation Type II and III lateral filaments had intermittent knobs.
Mechanism The authors infer a 0.35-μm filament coiled into an approximately 1.0-μm solenoid.
Mechanism The proposed solenoid explains open and closed argyrophilic rings.
Observation The elementary solenoid filament was sometimes loosened.
Observation Argyrophilic proteins appeared in the axial space of the solenoid.
Observation DNA and RNA were not detectable in the axial space.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Type II and III lateral filaments had intermittent knobs.

Taxon: Vicia fabaVicia fabae1
Outcome: presence of knobs intermittently distributede0

Verbatim

e0
“The lateral filaments of both types II and III showed heterogeneity in width on account of the presence of knobs intermittently distributed along them.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 970–1121

e1
“Vicia faba”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 67–77

Title

Three‐dimensional architecture of the higher plant nucleolonema disclosed on serial ultrathin sections

S Sato Biology of the Cell 1992. doi:10.1016/0248-4900(92)90144-p

Other claims from this paper (10)

Observation Silver staining revealed lateral and transverse nucleolonema segments.
Observation Lateral segments had three filament configurations.
Observation Along sections, type I appeared first, then type II or III, and finally type I again.
Observation Type II and III widths remained about 1.0 μm and type I was significantly narrower.
Observation The knobs measured about 0.35 μm thick.
Mechanism The authors infer a 0.35-μm filament coiled into an approximately 1.0-μm solenoid.
Mechanism The proposed solenoid explains open and closed argyrophilic rings.
Observation The elementary solenoid filament was sometimes loosened.
Observation Argyrophilic proteins appeared in the axial space of the solenoid.
Observation DNA and RNA were not detectable in the axial space.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Dhp-treated protoplasts formed microfibrils coated with globular knobs.

Taxon: Nicotiana tabacumNicotiana tabacumt0
Treatment: Dhpe0
Outcome: microfibrils are coated with globular knobse0

Not reportedComparatorDirection

Verbatim

e0
“treatment of protoplasts with Dhp alters the structure of the regenerated wall fibrils in several ways: first, the microfibrils are coated with globular knobs”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 641–799

t0
“Nicotiana tabacum”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 202–219

Title

3,4-Dehydroproline Inhibits Cell Wall Assembly and Cell Division in Tobacco Protoplasts

J. B. Cooper; J. E. Heuser; J. E. Varner PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1994. doi:10.1104/pp.104.2.747

Other claims from this paper (8)

Intervention effect Dhp-treated tobacco protoplasts did not develop osmotic stability.
Intervention effect Dhp-treated tobacco protoplasts did not initiate mitosis.
Observation Untreated protoplasts assembled a dense fibrillar cell wall of laterally associating subelementary fibrils.
Intervention effect Dhp-treated protoplasts formed larger fiber bundles with an open ribbon-like appearance.
Intervention effect The smallest subelementary fibrils were not visible after Dhp treatment.
Mechanism Tobacco cells developed abnormal morphology as a consequence of abnormal wall structure.
Mechanism The authors infer that hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins support primary wall integrity and correct assembly of other wall polymers.
Mechanism The authors infer that wall structure regulates cell division and morphology.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The three species had similar C-banding patterns with centromeric bands and some telomeric knobs.

Taxon: BrassicaBrassicae0 t0
Outcome: similar banding patterne0

Verbatim

e0
“The three species generally had a similar banding pattern, manifested in the presence of a centromeric C-band in all chromosomes and heterochromatic knobs at the telomeric end of some chromosomes”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 343–538

t0
“C-banded karyotypes of Brassica campestris, B. oleracea, and B. napus”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–69

Title

C-banded karyotypes of Brassica campestris, B. oleracea, and B. napus

Majlis Olin-Fatih; W. K. Heneen Genome 1992. doi:10.1139/g92-087

Other claims from this paper (6)

Observation Centromeric C-bands were more pronounced in B. campestris than B. oleracea.
Observation Chromosomes were grouped by centromere position into four types.
Observation All chromosome pairs were morphologically distinguishable.
Observation Each species had one nucleolar chromosome pair with heterochromatic satellites.
Observation B. napus contained distinguishable B. campestris-type and B. oleracea-type chromosomes.
Observation Origins of all B. napus chromosome pairs remained unresolved.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Neocentromeres are active from prometaphase through anaphase in maize meiosis.

Taxon: maizeZea mayse0
Outcome: neocentromeres are activee1
Qualifier: from prometaphase through anaphasee1

Verbatim

e0
“In maize, neocentromeres are induced by a gene or genes on Abnormal chromosome 10 (Ab10) which causes heterochromatic knobs to move poleward at meiotic anaphase”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 83–243

e1
“we show that neocentromeres are active from prometaphase through anaphase”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 592–665

Title

Neocentromere-mediated Chromosome Movement in Maize

Hong-Guo Yu; Evelyn N. Hiatt; Annette Chan; et al. The Journal of Cell Biology 1997. doi:10.1083/jcb.139.4.831

Other claims from this paper (8)

Observation Normal chromosomes move on the spindle at an average rate of 0.79 micron/min during mid-anaphase.
Intervention effect The presence of Ab10 does not affect the rate of normal chromosome movement.
Intervention effect Ab10 propels neocentromeres poleward at rates as high as 1.4 micron/min.
Intervention effect Kinetochore-mediated chromosome movement is only marginally affected by a linked neocentromere.
Observation Unlike kinetochores, neocentromeres associate laterally with microtubules.
Observation Neocentromere movement is correlated with knob size.
Mechanism Microtubule depolymerization is not required for neocentromere motility.
Mechanism Neocentromeres are mobilized on microtubules by minus end-directed motor proteins.

Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Microtubule depolymerization is not required for neocentromere motility.

Taxon: maizeZea mayse0
Outcome: neocentromere motilitye6
Qualifier: microtubule depolymerization is not requirede6

Verbatim

e0
“In maize, neocentromeres are induced by a gene or genes on Abnormal chromosome 10 (Ab10) which causes heterochromatic knobs to move poleward at meiotic anaphase”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 83–243

e6
“These data suggest that microtubule depolymerization is not required for neocentromere motility”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1241–1336

Title

Neocentromere-mediated Chromosome Movement in Maize

Hong-Guo Yu; Evelyn N. Hiatt; Annette Chan; et al. The Journal of Cell Biology 1997. doi:10.1083/jcb.139.4.831

Other claims from this paper (8)

Observation Neocentromeres are active from prometaphase through anaphase in maize meiosis.
Observation Normal chromosomes move on the spindle at an average rate of 0.79 micron/min during mid-anaphase.
Intervention effect The presence of Ab10 does not affect the rate of normal chromosome movement.
Intervention effect Ab10 propels neocentromeres poleward at rates as high as 1.4 micron/min.
Intervention effect Kinetochore-mediated chromosome movement is only marginally affected by a linked neocentromere.
Observation Unlike kinetochores, neocentromeres associate laterally with microtubules.
Observation Neocentromere movement is correlated with knob size.
Mechanism Neocentromeres are mobilized on microtubules by minus end-directed motor proteins.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Unlike kinetochores, neocentromeres associate laterally with microtubules.

Taxon: maizeZea mayse0
Outcome: neocentromeres associate laterally with microtubulese5

Verbatim

e0
“In maize, neocentromeres are induced by a gene or genes on Abnormal chromosome 10 (Ab10) which causes heterochromatic knobs to move poleward at meiotic anaphase”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 83–243

e5
“unlike kinetochores, neocentromeres associate laterally with microtubules and that neocentromere movement is correlated with knob size”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1105–1239

Title

Neocentromere-mediated Chromosome Movement in Maize

Hong-Guo Yu; Evelyn N. Hiatt; Annette Chan; et al. The Journal of Cell Biology 1997. doi:10.1083/jcb.139.4.831

Other claims from this paper (8)

Observation Neocentromeres are active from prometaphase through anaphase in maize meiosis.
Observation Normal chromosomes move on the spindle at an average rate of 0.79 micron/min during mid-anaphase.
Intervention effect The presence of Ab10 does not affect the rate of normal chromosome movement.
Intervention effect Ab10 propels neocentromeres poleward at rates as high as 1.4 micron/min.
Intervention effect Kinetochore-mediated chromosome movement is only marginally affected by a linked neocentromere.
Observation Neocentromere movement is correlated with knob size.
Mechanism Microtubule depolymerization is not required for neocentromere motility.
Mechanism Neocentromeres are mobilized on microtubules by minus end-directed motor proteins.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Neocentromere movement is correlated with knob size.

Taxon: maizeZea mayse0
Outcome: neocentromere movemente5
Qualifier: correlated with knob sizee5

Verbatim

e0
“In maize, neocentromeres are induced by a gene or genes on Abnormal chromosome 10 (Ab10) which causes heterochromatic knobs to move poleward at meiotic anaphase”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 83–243

e5
“unlike kinetochores, neocentromeres associate laterally with microtubules and that neocentromere movement is correlated with knob size”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1105–1239

Title

Neocentromere-mediated Chromosome Movement in Maize

Hong-Guo Yu; Evelyn N. Hiatt; Annette Chan; et al. The Journal of Cell Biology 1997. doi:10.1083/jcb.139.4.831

Other claims from this paper (8)

Observation Neocentromeres are active from prometaphase through anaphase in maize meiosis.
Observation Normal chromosomes move on the spindle at an average rate of 0.79 micron/min during mid-anaphase.
Intervention effect The presence of Ab10 does not affect the rate of normal chromosome movement.
Intervention effect Ab10 propels neocentromeres poleward at rates as high as 1.4 micron/min.
Intervention effect Kinetochore-mediated chromosome movement is only marginally affected by a linked neocentromere.
Observation Unlike kinetochores, neocentromeres associate laterally with microtubules.
Mechanism Microtubule depolymerization is not required for neocentromere motility.
Mechanism Neocentromeres are mobilized on microtubules by minus end-directed motor proteins.

Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Neocentromeres are mobilized on microtubules by minus end-directed motor proteins.

Taxon: maizeZea mayse0
Outcome: mobilized on microtubulese7
Qualifier: minus end-directed motor proteinse7

Verbatim

e0
“In maize, neocentromeres are induced by a gene or genes on Abnormal chromosome 10 (Ab10) which causes heterochromatic knobs to move poleward at meiotic anaphase”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 83–243

e7
“We argue that neocentromeres are mobilized on microtubules by the activity of minus end-directed motor proteins”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1338–1449

Title

Neocentromere-mediated Chromosome Movement in Maize

Hong-Guo Yu; Evelyn N. Hiatt; Annette Chan; et al. The Journal of Cell Biology 1997. doi:10.1083/jcb.139.4.831

Other claims from this paper (8)

Observation Neocentromeres are active from prometaphase through anaphase in maize meiosis.
Observation Normal chromosomes move on the spindle at an average rate of 0.79 micron/min during mid-anaphase.
Intervention effect The presence of Ab10 does not affect the rate of normal chromosome movement.
Intervention effect Ab10 propels neocentromeres poleward at rates as high as 1.4 micron/min.
Intervention effect Kinetochore-mediated chromosome movement is only marginally affected by a linked neocentromere.
Observation Unlike kinetochores, neocentromeres associate laterally with microtubules.
Observation Neocentromere movement is correlated with knob size.
Mechanism Microtubule depolymerization is not required for neocentromere motility.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Kinetochore-mediated chromosome movement is only marginally affected by a linked neocentromere.

Taxon: maizeZea mayse0
Treatment: the activity of a linked neocentromeree4
Outcome: Kinetochore-mediated chromosome movemente4
Direction: only marginally affectede4

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“In maize, neocentromeres are induced by a gene or genes on Abnormal chromosome 10 (Ab10) which causes heterochromatic knobs to move poleward at meiotic anaphase”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 83–243

e4
“Kinetochore-mediated chromosome movement is only marginally affected by the activity of a linked neocentromere”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 914–1024

Title

Neocentromere-mediated Chromosome Movement in Maize

Hong-Guo Yu; Evelyn N. Hiatt; Annette Chan; et al. The Journal of Cell Biology 1997. doi:10.1083/jcb.139.4.831

Other claims from this paper (8)

Observation Neocentromeres are active from prometaphase through anaphase in maize meiosis.
Observation Normal chromosomes move on the spindle at an average rate of 0.79 micron/min during mid-anaphase.
Intervention effect The presence of Ab10 does not affect the rate of normal chromosome movement.
Intervention effect Ab10 propels neocentromeres poleward at rates as high as 1.4 micron/min.
Observation Unlike kinetochores, neocentromeres associate laterally with microtubules.
Observation Neocentromere movement is correlated with knob size.
Mechanism Microtubule depolymerization is not required for neocentromere motility.
Mechanism Neocentromeres are mobilized on microtubules by minus end-directed motor proteins.

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“knobs”

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