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“knobs”

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Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

A. japonica did not form knobs after antibiotic or heat treatment.

Taxon: theA. japonicae0
Treatment: antibiotics or by heat treatmente0
Outcome: knobs are never formede0

Not reportedComparatorDirection

Verbatim

e0
“theA. japonica which is closely affined to them and non-leaf-nodular plant, knobs are never formed either by antibiotics or by heat treatment”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 336–477

Title

Studies on the Leaf Nodules V The Formation of Knobs by the Effect of Antibiotics on theArdisia crispa andA. punctata

Tamotsu YAMADA Shokubutsugaku Zasshi 1955. doi:10.15281/jplantres1887.68.267

Other claims from this paper (8)

Intervention effect Antibiotics induced knobs and stopped growth in A. crispa seedlings.
Intervention effect Antibiotics induced knobs and stopped growth in A. punctata seedlings.
Association Knob formation increased with antibiotic concentration and treatment duration.
Observation A. crispa had a higher knob-forming ratio than A. punctata under the same treatment.
Observation A. crispa knobs were larger than those of A. punctata.
Observation Knobs contained epidermis, cortex and central cylinder, with no meristem or leaf-nodule-bacteria detected.
Observation Knob structure resembled that after heat treatment.
Mechanism The authors proposed that a substance secreted by dying leaf-nodule bacteria induces knob formation and may contribute to leaf nodules.

Associationobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Chromosome knobs do not influence the variability in length of the chromosome arms in which they occur in corn.

Taxon: cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
Treatment: Chromosome knobse5
Outcome: variability in length of chromosome armse5
Direction: no_changeinferrede5

Verbatim

t0
“Chromosomes of Corn”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 53–72

e5
“Chromosome knobs do not appear to influence variability in length of chromosome arms in which they occur”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1099–1203

Title

Variability in Length and Arm Ratio of the Pachytene Chromosomes of Corn

Marjorie P. Maguire CYTOLOGIA 1962. doi:10.1508/cytologia.27.248

Other claims from this paper (6)

Associationobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

In the st1 mutant, association of knob DNA with abnormal anaphases did not increase.

Taxon: maizeZea mayst0
Material: st1 mutante0
Outcome: association of knob DNA with abnormal anaphasese0
Direction: not accompanied by an increasee0

Verbatim

e0
“The increase in abnormal anaphase figures in the st1 mutant was not accompanied by an increase in association of knob DNA with abnormal anaphases”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 819–964

t0
“PRINS-Labeled Knobs Are Not Associated with Increased Chromosomal Stickiness in the Maize st1 Mutant”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–100

Title

PRINS-Labeled Knobs Are Not Associated with Increased Chromosomal Stickiness in the Maize st1 Mutant

T. C. Tatum Journal of Heredity 2006. doi:10.1093/jhered/esl014

Other claims from this paper (6)

Observation The maize st1 mutant has sticky chromosomes during mitotic and meiotic anaphase.
Observation Sticky chromosomes show abnormal separation at anaphase.
Method / resource PRINS-labeled regions corresponded to reported C bands.
Observation The st1 mutant had more abnormal anaphase figures.
Mechanism The authors interpret increased stickiness as involving both knob and nonknob chromosome regions.
Mechanism The mechanism of st1 stickiness is hypothesized to differ from other reported sticky chromosome cases.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The presence of Ab10 does not affect the rate of normal chromosome movement.

Taxon: maizeZea mayse0
Treatment: The presence of Ab10e3
Gene: Ab10e3
Outcome: rate of normal chromosome movemente3
Direction: does not affecte3

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“In maize, neocentromeres are induced by a gene or genes on Abnormal chromosome 10 (Ab10) which causes heterochromatic knobs to move poleward at meiotic anaphase”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 83–243

e3
“The presence of Ab10 does not affect the rate of normal chromosome movement but propels neocentromeres poleward at rates as high as 1.4 micron/min”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 766–912

Title

Neocentromere-mediated Chromosome Movement in Maize

Hong-Guo Yu; Evelyn N. Hiatt; Annette Chan; et al. The Journal of Cell Biology 1997. doi:10.1083/jcb.139.4.831

Other claims from this paper (8)

Observation Neocentromeres are active from prometaphase through anaphase in maize meiosis.
Observation Normal chromosomes move on the spindle at an average rate of 0.79 micron/min during mid-anaphase.
Intervention effect Ab10 propels neocentromeres poleward at rates as high as 1.4 micron/min.
Intervention effect Kinetochore-mediated chromosome movement is only marginally affected by a linked neocentromere.
Observation Unlike kinetochores, neocentromeres associate laterally with microtubules.
Observation Neocentromere movement is correlated with knob size.
Mechanism Microtubule depolymerization is not required for neocentromere motility.
Mechanism Neocentromeres are mobilized on microtubules by minus end-directed motor proteins.

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