Search claims · PlantClaims

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Maize knobs contain 180-bp repeats, TR1 repeats, or both.

Taxon: maizeZea mayst0
Outcome: knobse0

Verbatim

e0
“knobs may be composed of either 180-bp or TR1, or both repeats”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1510–1572

t0
“maize”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 54–59

Title

Complex structure of knobs and centromeric regions in maize chromosomes.

E V Ananiev; R L Phillips; H W Rines PubMed 2000

Other claims from this paper (13)

Observation TR1 knob repeats can form fold-back DNA segments.
Observation CentC was identified as a centromeric tandem repeat family.
Observation Maize knob and centromeric repeat blocks are interrupted by other repeats.
Observation Inserted sequences are mainly full-size retrotransposable elements.
Observation Certain retrotransposable elements preferentially associate with knobs or centromeres.
Observation Retrotransposable elements preferentially integrate at hot spots of the 180-bp repeat.
Observation CentC, TR1 and 180-bp repeats occur on each tested maize chromosome.
Observation Repeat copy number varies significantly from about 100 to 25,000.
Observation Maize chromosomes vary in centromeric repeat size.
Observation Maize chromosomes vary in knob size and composition.
Observation Repeat elements also form micro clusters detectable only by in situ hybridization.
Mechanism Maize knobs may be considered megatransposable elements.
Mechanism Interspersed retrotransposable elements and tandem repeats may be a basic feature of eukaryotic heterochromatin organization.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Certain retrotransposable elements preferentially associate with knobs or centromeres.

Taxon: maizeZea mayst0
Outcome: retrotransposable elementse0

Verbatim

e0
“obvious preference for the integration/association of certain retrotransposable elements into knobs or centromere regions”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 832–953

t0
“maize”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 54–59

Title

Complex structure of knobs and centromeric regions in maize chromosomes.

E V Ananiev; R L Phillips; H W Rines PubMed 2000

Other claims from this paper (13)

Observation TR1 knob repeats can form fold-back DNA segments.
Observation CentC was identified as a centromeric tandem repeat family.
Observation Maize knob and centromeric repeat blocks are interrupted by other repeats.
Observation Inserted sequences are mainly full-size retrotransposable elements.
Observation Retrotransposable elements preferentially integrate at hot spots of the 180-bp repeat.
Observation CentC, TR1 and 180-bp repeats occur on each tested maize chromosome.
Observation Repeat copy number varies significantly from about 100 to 25,000.
Observation Maize chromosomes vary in centromeric repeat size.
Observation Maize chromosomes vary in knob size and composition.
Observation Maize knobs contain 180-bp repeats, TR1 repeats, or both.
Observation Repeat elements also form micro clusters detectable only by in situ hybridization.
Mechanism Maize knobs may be considered megatransposable elements.
Mechanism Interspersed retrotransposable elements and tandem repeats may be a basic feature of eukaryotic heterochromatin organization.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Knobs were present on the abaxial surface of Stereospermumkunthianum.

Taxon: Stereospermumkunthianume0
Organ / stage: abaxial surfacee0
Outcome: Knobse0

Verbatim

e0
“Knobs are present on the abaxial and adaxial surfaces ofMarkhamia lutea, Markhamia tomentosa, abaxial surface of Stereospermumkunthianum and adaxial surface of Tabebuia rosea”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 981–1155

Title

Foliar epidermal studies in the family Bignoniaceae JUSS. in Nigeria

G. E. Ugbabe; A. E. Ayodele African Journal of Agricultural Research 2008. doi:10.5897/ajar.9000353

Other claims from this paper (15)

Observation Leaf shape varied among the studied Bignoniaceae species.
Observation Leaflet length to width ratio ranged from 2:1 to 4:1.
Observation The epidermal cells are polygonal, irregular or both.
Observation Anticlinal walls are straight, curved or undulate/ wavy.
Observation Leaflets of all species are hypostomatic with stomata restricted to the abaxial surface.
Observation Other features of the epidermis that show variation include stomatal size, shape and frequency.
Observation Anomocytic stomata were most prominent.
Observation Kigelia africana had diacytic stomata.
Observation Striae were present on the adaxial surface of Oroxylum indicum.
Observation Striae were present on the abaxial surface of Spathodea campanulata.
Observation Knobs were present on the abaxial and adaxial surfaces of Markhamia lutea.
Observation Knobs were present on the abaxial and adaxial surfaces of Markhamia tomentosa.
Observation Knobs were present on the adaxial surface of Tabebuia rosea.
Observation Epidermal cell shape, anticlinal wall undulation, striation, stomata type, distribution and stomata index were taxonomically useful.
Observation Epidermal size and number had little diagnostic value.

Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Knobbed chromosomes formed more micronuclei than chromosomes without knobs.

Taxon: maizeZea mayse2
Gene: knobbed chromosomese0
Outcome: micronucleie1
Direction: moree0
Comparator: chromosomes without knobse0

Verbatim

e0
“knobbed chromosomes form more than do chromosomes without knobs”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 483–546

e1
“micronuclei”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 439–450

e2
“chromosome 6 (NOR) of maize”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 320–347

Title

Chromosome Nondisjunction and Instabilities in Tapetal Cells Are Affected by B Chromosomes in Maize

A Mauricio Chiavarino; Marcela Rosato; Silvia Manzanero; et al. Genetics 2000. doi:10.1093/genetics/155.2.889

Other claims from this paper (11)

Mechanismobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Only one neocentromere activating region is sufficient to move many knobs.

Taxon: MaizeZea mayst0
Outcome: move many knobse0
Qualifier: one of the neocentromere-activating regionse0

Verbatim

t0
“Maize”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 67–72

e0
“only one of the neocentromere-activating regions is sufficient to move many knobs”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 642–723

Title

Four Loci on Abnormal Chromosome 10 Contribute to Meiotic Drive in Maize

Evelyn N Hiatt; R Kelly Dawe Genetics 2003. doi:10.1093/genetics/164.2.699

Other claims from this paper (6)

Observation At least four chromosomal regions contribute distinct functions to meiotic drive.
Observation An Ab10 locus promoting recombination in structural heterozygotes was localized.
Observation A deletion derivative of Ab10 identified a new function required for meiotic drive.
Observation The suppressor of meiotic drive 3 mutation identified another independent function required for meiotic drive.
Intervention effect Loss of either new function abolished meiotic drive.
Intervention effect Neocentromere activity and the Ab10 recombination effect were unaffected by loss of either function.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Knobs were present on the adaxial surface of Tabebuia rosea.

Taxon: Tabebuia roseaTabebuia roseae0
Organ / stage: adaxial surfacee0
Outcome: Knobse0

Verbatim

e0
“Knobs are present on the abaxial and adaxial surfaces ofMarkhamia lutea, Markhamia tomentosa, abaxial surface of Stereospermumkunthianum and adaxial surface of Tabebuia rosea”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 981–1155

Title

Foliar epidermal studies in the family Bignoniaceae JUSS. in Nigeria

G. E. Ugbabe; A. E. Ayodele African Journal of Agricultural Research 2008. doi:10.5897/ajar.9000353

Other claims from this paper (15)

Observation Leaf shape varied among the studied Bignoniaceae species.
Observation Leaflet length to width ratio ranged from 2:1 to 4:1.
Observation The epidermal cells are polygonal, irregular or both.
Observation Anticlinal walls are straight, curved or undulate/ wavy.
Observation Leaflets of all species are hypostomatic with stomata restricted to the abaxial surface.
Observation Other features of the epidermis that show variation include stomatal size, shape and frequency.
Observation Anomocytic stomata were most prominent.
Observation Kigelia africana had diacytic stomata.
Observation Striae were present on the adaxial surface of Oroxylum indicum.
Observation Striae were present on the abaxial surface of Spathodea campanulata.
Observation Knobs were present on the abaxial and adaxial surfaces of Markhamia lutea.
Observation Knobs were present on the abaxial and adaxial surfaces of Markhamia tomentosa.
Observation Knobs were present on the abaxial surface of Stereospermumkunthianum.
Observation Epidermal cell shape, anticlinal wall undulation, striation, stomata type, distribution and stomata index were taxonomically useful.
Observation Epidermal size and number had little diagnostic value.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Knobs were present on the abaxial and adaxial surfaces of Markhamia lutea.

Taxon: Markhamia luteaMarkhamia luteae0
Organ / stage: abaxial and adaxial surfacese0
Outcome: Knobse0

Verbatim

e0
“Knobs are present on the abaxial and adaxial surfaces ofMarkhamia lutea, Markhamia tomentosa, abaxial surface of Stereospermumkunthianum and adaxial surface of Tabebuia rosea”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 981–1155

Title

Foliar epidermal studies in the family Bignoniaceae JUSS. in Nigeria

G. E. Ugbabe; A. E. Ayodele African Journal of Agricultural Research 2008. doi:10.5897/ajar.9000353

Other claims from this paper (15)

Observation Leaf shape varied among the studied Bignoniaceae species.
Observation Leaflet length to width ratio ranged from 2:1 to 4:1.
Observation The epidermal cells are polygonal, irregular or both.
Observation Anticlinal walls are straight, curved or undulate/ wavy.
Observation Leaflets of all species are hypostomatic with stomata restricted to the abaxial surface.
Observation Other features of the epidermis that show variation include stomatal size, shape and frequency.
Observation Anomocytic stomata were most prominent.
Observation Kigelia africana had diacytic stomata.
Observation Striae were present on the adaxial surface of Oroxylum indicum.
Observation Striae were present on the abaxial surface of Spathodea campanulata.
Observation Knobs were present on the abaxial and adaxial surfaces of Markhamia tomentosa.
Observation Knobs were present on the abaxial surface of Stereospermumkunthianum.
Observation Knobs were present on the adaxial surface of Tabebuia rosea.
Observation Epidermal cell shape, anticlinal wall undulation, striation, stomata type, distribution and stomata index were taxonomically useful.
Observation Epidermal size and number had little diagnostic value.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Knobs were present on the abaxial and adaxial surfaces of Markhamia tomentosa.

Taxon: Markhamia tomentosaMarkhamia tomentosae0
Organ / stage: abaxial and adaxial surfacese0
Outcome: Knobse0

Verbatim

e0
“Knobs are present on the abaxial and adaxial surfaces ofMarkhamia lutea, Markhamia tomentosa, abaxial surface of Stereospermumkunthianum and adaxial surface of Tabebuia rosea”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 981–1155

Title

Foliar epidermal studies in the family Bignoniaceae JUSS. in Nigeria

G. E. Ugbabe; A. E. Ayodele African Journal of Agricultural Research 2008. doi:10.5897/ajar.9000353

Other claims from this paper (15)

Observation Leaf shape varied among the studied Bignoniaceae species.
Observation Leaflet length to width ratio ranged from 2:1 to 4:1.
Observation The epidermal cells are polygonal, irregular or both.
Observation Anticlinal walls are straight, curved or undulate/ wavy.
Observation Leaflets of all species are hypostomatic with stomata restricted to the abaxial surface.
Observation Other features of the epidermis that show variation include stomatal size, shape and frequency.
Observation Anomocytic stomata were most prominent.
Observation Kigelia africana had diacytic stomata.
Observation Striae were present on the adaxial surface of Oroxylum indicum.
Observation Striae were present on the abaxial surface of Spathodea campanulata.
Observation Knobs were present on the abaxial and adaxial surfaces of Markhamia lutea.
Observation Knobs were present on the abaxial surface of Stereospermumkunthianum.
Observation Knobs were present on the adaxial surface of Tabebuia rosea.
Observation Epidermal cell shape, anticlinal wall undulation, striation, stomata type, distribution and stomata index were taxonomically useful.
Observation Epidermal size and number had little diagnostic value.

Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Trapping by fungal knobs was inversely associated with nematicide concentration.

Treatment: nematicidee0
Outcome: trapping rate by fungal knobse0
Direction: inverselye0

Not reportedTaxon

Verbatim

e0
“The trapping rate by fungal knobs was inversely correlated to the concentration of the nematicide”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 563–660

Title

Control of the Southern Root-knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita Using Granule Formulations Containing Nematode-trapping Fungus, Monacrosporium ellipsosporum and a Nematicide

Satoshi Taba; Zen-ichi Moromizato; Kazuko Takaesu; et al. Japanese Journal of Applied Entomology and Zoology 2006. doi:10.1303/jjaez.2006.115

Other claims from this paper (6)

Observation Fosthiazate did not affect fungal spore germination at 3,000 or 300 ppm.
Observation Fosthiazate did not affect fungal hyphal growth at 3,000 or 300 ppm.
Observation Drying granules sometimes reduced fungal survival.
Observation Fungus from formulations formed trapping organs and trapped nematodes with infection hyphae.
Intervention effect Fungus nematicide formulations mixed through all soil had a very high control effect against M. incognita on tomatoes.
Observation The fungus was found in all soil samples after the tomato control tests.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Pure line 540 had fewer chromosomal knobs than its parents.

Taxon: MaizeZea mayst0
Material: pure line 540e0
Outcome: number of knobse0
Direction: reducede0
Comparator: its parentse0

Verbatim

e0
“the number of knobs reduced on the chromosomes of pure line 540 compared to its parents”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 555–642

t0
“Maize and Teosint”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 88–105

Title

Genetic Stability Analysis of Heterochromatic Knob in Progeny of Distant Hybrid Between Maize and Teosint

Han Yong-hua Wuhan University Journal 2003

Other claims from this paper (1)

Method / resource Genomic hybridization produced strong, readily identifiable knob signals in the tested maize chromosomes.

“knobs”

Claim types

Direction of the findings

Over time

Claim type

Research area

Polarity

Statistics