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“paracytic”

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Observation 581

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Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Phyllanthus niruri had paracytic stomata.

Taxon: Phyllanthus niruri L.Phyllanthus nirurie0
Outcome: paracytic stomatae0

Verbatim

e0
“Phyllanthus niruri L. showed paracytic stomata.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 989–1036

Title

Anatomy of Phyllanthus niruri L. (Euphorbiaceae)

Rubaiyat Sharmin Sultana; Md. Mahabubur Rahman Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) 2020. doi:10.5281/zenodo.6507152

Other claims from this paper (8)

Observation Stems had a single-layer epidermis with thick cuticle and a two to three layer hypodermis.
Observation Stem cortex had parenchyma and abundant intercellular spaces.
Observation Cambium occurred between xylem and phloem.
Observation Stem xylem was radial and uniseriate to multiseriate, with thick lignified fibers.
Observation Stem phloem was narrow.
Observation Leaf epidermis comprised parenchymatous cells covered by a thick cuticle.
Observation Leaf mesophyll cells contained chlorophyll and spongy parenchyma had large intercellular spaces.
Observation Roots had cork cells, a narrow cortical zone with parenchyma, lignified xylem, narrow phloem and medullary rays.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Tectona grandis had paracytic stomata.

Taxon: Tectona grandisTectona grandise0
Outcome: paracytice0

Verbatim

e0
“paracytic in Tectona grandis”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 701–729

Title

Relationship between physicochemical parameters and zooplanktons in Karidna reservoir, Kaduna state

H. Haruna; H.I. Ashir Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 2018. doi:10.4314/bajopas.v10i1.125s

Other claims from this paper (12)

Observation Gmelina arborea had polygonal epidermal cells.
Observation Vitex doniana had rectangular and irregular epidermal cells.
Observation Tectona grandis had isodiametric and elongated epidermal cells.
Observation Stomatal ontogeny was mesogenous in all three species.
Observation Vitex doniana had anomocytic stomata.
Observation Gmelina arborea had anisocytic and anomocytic stomata.
Observation Gmelina arborea was amphistomatic with scant adaxial stomata.
Observation Vitex doniana was hypostomatic.
Observation Tectona grandis was hypostomatic.
Observation Stomata length and pore breadth did not significantly differ between Vitex doniana and Gmelina arborea.
Observation Epidermal cell numbers and trichomes differed significantly among the three species.
Recommendation The authors recommend classifying the three species in different genera.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

P. guajava had paracytic stomata.

Taxon: P. guajavaPsidium guajavae0
Outcome: paracytic stomatae0

Verbatim

e0
“P. guajava exhibited paracytic stomata”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 961–999

Title

The stomatal characteristics of monocots and dicots at different altitudes

Hasan Rusdi; Setiawati Tia; Nurzaman Mohamad; et al. Plant Science Today 2025. doi:10.14719/pst.4399

Other claims from this paper (4)

Observation The examined species had diverse stomatal types and distributions.
Observation C. annuum L. had anisocytic stomata.
Observation C. esculenta had a brachy-paracytic stomatal complex.
Association Stomatal number, density and index did not differ significantly between lowland and highland plants within 550 m.

Mechanism 6

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Mechanismobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Subsidiary cell number increases by wall formation in paracytic, tricytic or diacytic stomata.

Taxon: DioscoreaDioscoreat0
Outcome: increase in the number of subsidiary cellse0
Qualifier: wall formation in theme0

Verbatim

e0
“An increase in the number of subsidiary cells in paracytic, tricytic, or diacytic stomata takes place by the wall formation in them.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 470–602

t0
“Dioscorea”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 78–87

Title

Some Observations on the Diversity of Stomata and Trichomes in Six Species of Dioscorea

G. L. SHAH; B. V. GOPAL Annals of Botany 1972. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a084661

Other claims from this paper (11)

Observation D. bulbifera and D. oppositifolia each had six stomatal types.
Observation D. hispida and D. wallichii each had four stomatal types.
Observation D. belophylla had three stomatal types.
Observation D. alata had only two stomatal types.
Observation Anomocytic stomata predominated except in D. bulbifera, where tricytic stomata predominated.
Observation Cyclocytic stomata occurred rarely in D. bulbifera.
Mechanism Reduction of subsidiary cells in tetracytic stomata resulted from lateral cells becoming epidermal cells.
Observation Stomatal abnormalities included single guard cells, degeneration and contiguous stomata.
Observation Stomata of D. bulbifera and D. wallichii had perigenous organization.
Observation Capitate glandular hairs occurred on leaves of four Dioscorea species.
Observation Non-glandular three-celled trichomes occurred only in D. hispida.

Mechanismhypothesisoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Most aborted stomata are assumed to develop from meristemoids emerging during the initiation of paracytic stomata.

Taxon: Gnetum gnemonGnetum gnemont0
Organ / stage: meristemoidse3
Outcome: aborted stomatae3
Qualifier: develop from part of meristemoidse3

Verbatim

t0
“The distribution of aborted stomata in the leaf blade epidermis Gnetum gnemon (Gnetaceae)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–89

e3
“a majority of aborted stomata develop from part of meristemoids, which emerge in epidermis in the period of mass initiation of paracytic stomata”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 502–646

Title

The distribution of aborted stomata in the leaf blade epidermis Gnetum gnemon (Gnetaceae)

Anatoly Pautov; Ianina Pagoda Biological Communications 2013

Other claims from this paper (2)

Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The paracytic appearance in macerations arises from an elliptical cuticular ledge on the guard cells.

Taxon: Lycopodium japonicumLycopodium japonicume1
Organ / stage: guard cellse0
Outcome: impression from epidermal macerationse0
Qualifier: pronounced elliptical cuticular ledgee0

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e0
“the impression from epidermal macerations that there were two small guard cells surrounded by two, large, similarly shaped, subsidiary cells (paracytic) derives from a pronounced elliptical cuticular ledge on the surface of the guard cells surrounding a thickened circumporal area”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 295–575

e1
“Lycopodium japonicum Thumb”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 55–81

Title

The stomatal apparatus of Lycopodium japonicum and its bearing on the stomata of the Devonian lycophyte Drepanophycus spinaeformis

TONG-XING SUN; DIANNE EDWARDS; CHENG-SEN LI Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 2005. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2005.00434.x

Other claims from this paper (4)

Observation L. japonicum stomata have two large guard cells and a pore and are anomocytic.
Observation Drepanophycus spinaeformis cuticles show a similar stomatal appearance.
Observation The authors conclude that early Drepanophycus stomata were anomocytic.
Observation D. qujingensis stomata were also anomocytic.

Association 2

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Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Stomatal length and width decreased with altitude.

Taxon: Berberis parkerianaBerberis parkerianae1
Outcome: length and width of stomatae0
Direction: decreasede0
Setting: altitudee0

Verbatim

e0
“Berberis parkeriana had higher values of all parameters analyzed; the number of epidermal cells and stomata increased with increasing altitude while the length and width of stomata decreased with increasing altitude.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 853–1069

e1
“Berberis parkeriana had two types of stomata (anomocytic, and anisocytic) while Berberis lycium possesses a single type of stomata (paracytic).”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 642–785

Title

Species-specific and altitude-related variations in stomatal features ofBerberis lyciumRoyle and B. parkeriana C.K. Schneid

Inayat Ur Rahman; Aftab Afzal; Eduardo S. Calixto; et al. Botany Letters 2021. doi:10.1080/23818107.2021.1947371

Other claims from this paper (6)

Observation Berberis parkeriana had anomocytic and anisocytic stomata.
Observation Berberis lycium had paracytic stomata.
Observation Berberis parkeriana had stomata only on the abaxial surface.
Observation Berberis lycium had stomata only on the abaxial surface.
Observation Berberis parkeriana had higher values for all measured epidermal parameters.
Association Epidermal cell and stomatal numbers increased with altitude.

Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Epidermal cell and stomatal numbers increased with altitude.

Taxon: Berberis parkerianaBerberis parkerianae1
Outcome: number of epidermal cells and stomatae0
Direction: increasede0
Setting: altitudee0

Verbatim

e0
“Berberis parkeriana had higher values of all parameters analyzed; the number of epidermal cells and stomata increased with increasing altitude while the length and width of stomata decreased with increasing altitude.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 853–1069

e1
“Berberis parkeriana had two types of stomata (anomocytic, and anisocytic) while Berberis lycium possesses a single type of stomata (paracytic).”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 642–785

Title

Species-specific and altitude-related variations in stomatal features ofBerberis lyciumRoyle and B. parkeriana C.K. Schneid

Inayat Ur Rahman; Aftab Afzal; Eduardo S. Calixto; et al. Botany Letters 2021. doi:10.1080/23818107.2021.1947371

Other claims from this paper (6)

Observation Berberis parkeriana had anomocytic and anisocytic stomata.
Observation Berberis lycium had paracytic stomata.
Observation Berberis parkeriana had stomata only on the abaxial surface.
Observation Berberis lycium had stomata only on the abaxial surface.
Observation Berberis parkeriana had higher values for all measured epidermal parameters.
Association Stomatal length and width decreased with altitude.

Intervention effect 1

Show all 1 →

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Growth regulator treatment yielded additional anisocytic, paracytic, cyclocytic and abnormal stomatal types.

Taxon: Lagenaria leucantha (Duch.) RusbyLagenaria sicerariat0
Organ / stage: cotyledonse0
Treatment: growth regulatorse0
Outcome: anisocytic, paracytic, cyclocytic and several abnormal stomatal typese0
Comparator: controlse0

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e0
“In cotyledons treated with growth regulators, anisocytic, paracytic, cyclocytic and several abnormal stomatal types were observed in addition to those found in the controls.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 111–284

t0
“Lagenaria leucantha (Duch.) Rusby”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 87–120

Title

Effect of Growth Regulators on Stomatal Structure and Development in the Cotyledons of Lagenaria leucantha (Duch.) Rusby

JA Inamdar; M Gangadhara Australian Journal of Botany 1975. doi:10.1071/bt9750013

Other claims from this paper (19)

Observation Untreated cotyledons had anomocytic stomata and stomata with one subsidiary cell.
Intervention effect High gibberellic acid concentrations inhibited growth.
Intervention effect Ascorbic acid increased stomatal index and guard cell size.
Intervention effect Ascorbic acid decreased stomatal frequency.
Intervention effect Sucrose increased stomatal index and guard cell length.
Intervention effect Tri-iodobenzoic acid caused guard cell degeneration.
Intervention effect At higher concentrations tri-iodobenzoic acid inhibited growth.
Intervention effect Increasing kinetin reduced stomatal frequency, index and guard cell size.
Intervention effect Kinetin induced contiguous stomata and guard cell division.
Intervention effect Sulphanilamide could inhibit or promote growth depending on concentration.
Intervention effect Coumarin at 50 p.p.m. reduced guard cell size and stomatal frequency.
Intervention effect Coumarin at 50 p.p.m. commonly induced persistent stomatal initials.
Intervention effect At 100 p.p.m. coumarin allowed only the radicle to emerge.
Intervention effect At 100 p.p.m. coumarin prevented cotyledon emergence.
Intervention effect Higher colchicine concentrations induced more persistent stomatal initials.
Intervention effect Higher colchicine concentrations reduced stomatal frequency and index.
Intervention effect Colchicine at 50 p.p.m. induced double pores and abnormally large pore sizes.
Intervention effect Colchicine at 50 p.p.m. increased the size of guard cells and their nuclei.
Intervention effect Maleic hydrazide reduced guard and epidermal cell size and occasionally formed persistent stomatal initials.

Method / resource 1

Show all 1 →

Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Paracytic and diacytic stomata and conical unicellular non-glandular trichomes are among the most useful micro characters for identifying Euclea natalensis leaves.

Taxon: Euclea natalensisEuclea natalensist0
Organ / stage: leaft0
Outcome: micro characters for leaf identificatione1
Value: 30 adult leavese4
Qualifier: paracytic and diacytic stomatae6

Verbatim

e1
“Results showed that among the most useful micro characters for leaf identification are the following”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 600–700

e6
“numerous paracytic and diacytic stomata frequent in lower epidermis with an irregular distribution and conical unicellular non-glandular trichomes”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1100–1246

e4
“minimum of 30 adult leaves”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 571–597

t0
“Euclea natalensis leaf”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 18–40

Title

Authentication of Euclea natalensis leaf by botanical identification

G da Silva; E Gomes; R Serrano; et al. Planta Medica 2010. doi:10.1055/s-0030-1264315

Other claims from this paper (2)

Lexical search (BM25). All words must match; if nothing does, any word. Organism names also match every spelling of the same organism. No semantic search yet.

“paracytic”

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Claim type

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Observation 581

Mechanism 6

Association 2

Intervention effect 1

Method / resource 1