Search claims · PlantClaims

maize 9

Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The data reveal internal structure of seven centromeres and five heterochromatic knobs.

Taxon: maizeZea mayse0
Outcome: internal structure of seven centromeres and five heterochromatic knobse1
Value: seven centromerese1

Verbatim

e0
“a maize genome (B73-Ab10)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 202–227

e1
“The data also reveal the internal structure of seven centromeres and five heterochromatic knobs”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 418–513

Title

Gapless assembly of maize chromosomes using long-read technologies

Jianing Liu; Arun S. Seetharam; Kapeel Chougule; et al. Genome biology 2020. doi:10.1186/s13059-020-02029-9

Other claims from this paper (5)

Method / resource The maize B73-Ab10 assembly has 63 contigs and N50 of 162 Mb.
Method / resource Chromosome 3 was assembled gaplessly at 236 Mb.
Method / resource Chromosome 9 was assembled gaplessly at 162 Mb.
Method / resource The assembly includes 53 Mb of the Ab10 meiotic drive haplotype.
Observation Major repeat arrays are discontinuous and often interspersed with retroelements.

Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Knobs and heterochromatin were clearly visible by electron microscopy.

Taxon: maizeZea mayse1
Outcome: knobs and heterochromatin regionse0
Direction: clearly visiblee0
Comparator: light microscopee0

Verbatim

e0
“In the electron micrograph, the knobs and heterochromatin regions that have been used for karyotype analyses in the light microscope are clearly visible.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 245–398

e1
“maize microsporocytes”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 108–129

Title

Transmission Electron Microscopic Study of Maize Pachytene Chromosome 6

Da-Leng Shen; Madeline Wu Stain Technology 1989. doi:10.3109/10520298909108048

Other claims from this paper (12)

Method / resource Mildly fixed maize microsporocytes frequently yielded cytoplasm-free chromosomes.
Method / resource The electron microscopic map can be aligned with the traditional cytological map.
Observation Numerous additional electron-dense bands were observed.
Observation Chromosome 6 was frequently associated with the nucleolus.
Observation Electron-dense regions appeared on each synapsing homolog at zygotene.
Observation During synapsis, homolog bands aligned into more conspicuous bands.
Observation Early pachytene banding was stable and reproducible.
Observation Chromosome 6 contained eight dark bands.
Observation Chromosome 6 contained 19 medium bands.
Observation Chromosome 6 contained 14 light bands.
Method / resource The bands may serve as regional gene mapping markers.
Observation Adjacent chromosome bands fused during later pachytene condensation.

Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The knob probe signal co-localized exactly with morphologically identified knobs on maize meiotic chromosomes.

Taxon: maizeZea mayst0
Outcome: co-localization of the knob probe and the morphologically identified knobse0
Comparator: morphologically identified knobse0

Verbatim

e0
“A composite, in register, merged image of the knob probe signal and meiotic chromosomes demonstrated exact co-localization of the knob probe and the morphologically identified knobs.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 643–825

t0
“maize meiotic chromosomes”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 37–62

Title

Fluorescent in situ hybridization of maize meiotic chromosomes as visualized by confocal microscopy.

E R Makowski; S E Ruzin PubMed 1994

Other claims from this paper (1)

Method / resource Confocal imaging allowed individual analysis of probe emissions, image processing, and high-resolution chromosome images.

Arabidopsis and maize 1

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Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultpositivebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

A new graph-based pipeline, HiReNET, was developed to classify higher-order repeats and was shown to work in Arabidopsis and maize.

Taxon: Arabidopsis and maizeArabidopsis Zea mayse0
Outcome: classify HORse0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“We develop a new graph-based pipeline, HiReNET, to classify HORs and demonstrate its utility in both Arabidopsis and maize”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 717–839

Title

Higher order repeat structures reflect diverging evolutionary paths in maize centromeres and knobs

Rebecca D. Piri; Mingyu Wang; M. Cinta Romay; et al. Genome biology 2026. doi:10.1186/s13059-026-03993-4

Other claims from this paper (9)

Arabidopsis thaliana 1

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Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Chromosomes were identified by lengths, arm ratios, NOR knobs, and FISH signals.

Taxon: Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
Outcome: Individual chromosomes were unambiguously identifiede0
Comparator: relative lengths, arm-ratios, presence of NOR knobs and FISH signalse0

Verbatim

e0
“Individual chromosomes were unambiguously identified by their combinations of relative lengths, arm-ratios, presence of NOR knobs and FISH signals with a 5S rDNA probe and chromosome specific DNA probes.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 677–880

t0
“Arabidopsis thaliana”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 34–54

Title

Cytogenetics for the model system Arabidopsis thaliana

Paul Fransz; Sue Armstrong; Carlos Alonso‐blanco; et al. The Plant Journal 1998. doi:10.1046/j.1365-313x.1998.00086.x

Other claims from this paper (12)

Method / resource A detailed Arabidopsis karyotype was presented.
Observation Five pachytene bivalents measured 50 to 80 microns.
Observation Chromosomes 1 and 5 are metacentric.
Observation Chromosomes 2 and 4 are acrocentric with subterminal NORs.
Observation Chromosome 3 is submetacentric and medium sized.
Observation Length variation between pachytene bivalents came from their short arms.
Observation Six ecotypes varied in number and map positions of 5S rDNA loci.
Observation All ecotypes have 5S rDNA on short arms of chromosomes 4 and 5.
Observation Three patterns of chromosome 3 5S rDNA locus position or presence were observed.
Method / resource Repetitive DNA clones resolved pericentromeric heterochromatin into a central and two flanking domains.
Observation Upper flanking domains of chromosomes 4 and 5, and sometimes 3, contain a 5S rDNA locus.
Method / resource Unique cosmid and YAC detection showed detailed cytogenetic physical mapping is feasible.

maize inbred line NC358 1

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Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Complete assembly of genes, transposable elements and repetitive genomic features had distinct sequence-quality thresholds.

Taxon: maize inbred line NC358e1
Outcome: sequence-quality thresholdse0
Direction: Distincte0
Comparator: genes, transposable elements, and highly repetitive genomic featurese0

Verbatim

e0
“Distinct sequence-quality thresholds are observed for complete assembly of genes, transposable elements, and highly repetitive genomic features such as telomeres, heterochromatic knobs, and centromeres.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 609–811

e1
“maize inbred line NC358”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 332–355

Title

Effect of sequence depth and length in long-read assembly of the maize inbred NC358

Shujun Ou; Jianing Liu; Kapeel M. Chougule; et al. Nature Communications 2020. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-16037-7

Other claims from this paper (3)

Method / resource Assemblies at no more than 30× depth and 11 kb N50 subread length were highly fragmented.
Method / resource Low-copy genic regions degraded at 20× sequence depth.
Method / resource High-quality optical maps dramatically improved assembly contiguity even for the most fragmented base assembly.

papaya 1

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Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The HSY map covers all four HSY-specific Knobs.

Taxon: PapayaCarica papayae1
Outcome: HSY-specific Knobse0
Value: foure0

Verbatim

e0
“covers all four HSY-specific Knobs”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 946–980

e1
“Papaya is a major fruit crop”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 12–40

Title

Construction of physical maps for the sex-specific regions of papaya sex chromosomes

Jong-Kuk Na; Jianping Wang; Jan E Murray; et al. BMC Genomics 2012. doi:10.1186/1471-2164-13-176

Other claims from this paper (10)

Method / resource The HSY map has a minimum tiling path of 68 overlapping BACs.
Method / resource One gap remained near Knob 1 in the HSY map.
Method / resource The X map comprises 44 BACs on its minimum tiling path.
Method / resource A repetitive-sequence gap remains in the X physical map and is filled on the HSY map.
Method / resource Fine mapping in 1460 F2 individuals defined the non-recombining HSY borders.
Observation The genetically defined HSY spans approximately 8.5 Mb.
Observation The X counterpart extends about 5.4 Mb.
Observation The X counterpart includes a 900 Kb region containing shared Knob 1.
Observation The HSY sequence is expanded by 4 Mb relative to the corresponding X sequence.
Observation Genetically defined borders coincide with shared BACs on the HSY and X tiling paths.

Pisum sativum 1

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Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Deconvolution revealed fibrous substructure and interconnecting internal structure in perinucleolar knobs.

Taxon: Pisum sativumLathyrus oleraceuse1
Outcome: fibrous substructure in the perinucleolar knobs, and a large amount of interconnecting internal structuree0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Deconvolution using the measured PSFs can be used to improve these images, revealing a fibrous substructure in the perinucleolar knobs, and a large amount of interconnecting internal structure”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 807–999

e1
“Pisum sativum”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 366–379

Title

Confocal microscopy and image processing in the study of plant nuclear structure

Peter Shaw; Martin Highett; David Rawlins Journal of Microscopy 1992. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2818.1992.tb01508.x

Other claims from this paper (5)

Observation Nearly all telomeres in both species lay at the nuclear envelope.
Observation Telomeres were highly clustered in Vicia root tissues.
Observation Pea rDNA appeared as four bright knobs around each nucleolus.
Method / resource Conventional microscopy plus deconvolution produced 3-D reconstructions comparable with confocal microscopy.
Method / resource Deconvolution of confocal data produced the clearest images.

Quercus bicolor 1

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Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Quercus bicolor swamp forest sites were mapped in Kentucky Bluegrass and Knobs regions.

Taxon: Quercus bicolorQuercus bicolore0
Outcome: distribution of swamp forest sitese0
Setting: Bluegrass and Knobs regions of Kentuckye0

Not reportedComparatorValue

Verbatim

e0
“The distribution of swamp forest sites as indicated by Quercus bicolor is mapped for the Bluegrass and Knobs regions of Kentucky.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–129

Title

Swamp Forests on High Terrace Deposits in the Bluegrass and Knobs Regions of Kentucky

Leslie E. Meade; W. Meijer; Julian Campbell; et al. ScholarWorks - MoreheadState (Morehead State University) 1981

Other claims from this paper (5)

Observation Most swamp forest sites were on high terraces probably deposited by rivers ponded during glaciation.
Association Swamp forest composition varied with soil moisture and perhaps pH.
Observation Records extended the known range of Q. bicolor.
Observation Records extended the known range of Q. michauxii.
Observation Records extended the known range of Habenaria spp.

“knobs”

Claim types

Direction of the findings

Over time

Claim type

Research area

Polarity

Statistics

maize 9

Arabidopsis and maize 1

Arabidopsis thaliana 1

maize inbred line NC358 1

papaya 1

Pisum sativum 1

Quercus bicolor 1