Search claims · PlantClaims

Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

As forward speed rose, mean droplet density on the top fell from 277.35 - 243.40 no.cm-2.

Taxon: soybean cropGlycine maxt0
Organ / stage: tope0
Treatment: increase in forwarding speede0
Outcome: mean droplet densitye0
Direction: decreaseinferrede0
Value: 277.35 - 243.40 no.cm-2e0

Verbatim

e0
“With an increase in forwarding speed, the mean percentage of coverage decreased significantly (30.30 - 15.37 % for top and 20.01- 4.12 % for bottom part of the leaves), and the mean droplet density varied significantly (277.35 - 243.40 no.cm-2 for top and 262.87 - 78.44 no.cm-2 for the bottom part of the leaves) at 5 % level of significance.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 703–1046

t0
“The spraying system was tested on soybean crop”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 607–653

Title

Design and Performance Evaluation of Self-propelled Intra-Canopy Boom Spraying System

Bhabani Shankar Dash; Arun Kumar; Rajesh U. Modi; et al. Journal of Agricultural Engineering (India) 2020. doi:10.52151/jae2020573.1715

Other claims from this paper (14)

Method / resource Flat fan nozzles gave better boom volumetric distribution at 2.5 kgf.cm-2.
Method / resource Hollow cone nozzles gave better distribution at 2.0 kgf.cm-2 and 300 mm height.
Method / resource As forward speed rose, mean percentage of coverage on the top fell from 30.30 - 15.37 %.
Method / resource As forward speed rose, mean percentage of coverage on the bottom part of the leaves fell from 20.01- 4.12 %.
Method / resource As forward speed rose, mean droplet density on the bottom part of the leaves fell from 262.87 - 78.44 no.cm-2.
Method / resource At 1.5 km.h-1, top leaf coverage was 30.30%.
Method / resource At 1.5 km.h-1, bottom leaf coverage was 20.01%.
Method / resource Low speed increased spray volume relative to faster travel.
Method / resource Low speed reduced field capacity relative to faster travel.
Method / resource Forward travel speed, tag position and nozzle type significantly affected mean droplet size.
Method / resource Forward travel speed, tag position and nozzle type significantly affected number median diameter.
Method / resource Forward travel speed, tag position and nozzle type significantly affected percentage coverage of leaf area.
Method / resource Forward travel speed, tag position and nozzle type significantly affected droplet density.
Method / resource Field capacity ranged from 0.22 to 0.36 ha.h-1 as travel speed increased from 1.50 to 2.50 km.h-1.

Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

As forward speed rose, mean droplet density on the bottom part of the leaves fell from 262.87 - 78.44 no.cm-2.

Taxon: soybean cropGlycine maxt0
Organ / stage: bottom part of the leavese0
Treatment: increase in forwarding speede0
Outcome: mean droplet densitye0
Direction: decreaseinferrede0
Value: 262.87 - 78.44 no.cm-2e0

Verbatim

e0
“With an increase in forwarding speed, the mean percentage of coverage decreased significantly (30.30 - 15.37 % for top and 20.01- 4.12 % for bottom part of the leaves), and the mean droplet density varied significantly (277.35 - 243.40 no.cm-2 for top and 262.87 - 78.44 no.cm-2 for the bottom part of the leaves) at 5 % level of significance.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 703–1046

t0
“The spraying system was tested on soybean crop”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 607–653

Title

Design and Performance Evaluation of Self-propelled Intra-Canopy Boom Spraying System

Bhabani Shankar Dash; Arun Kumar; Rajesh U. Modi; et al. Journal of Agricultural Engineering (India) 2020. doi:10.52151/jae2020573.1715

Other claims from this paper (14)

Method / resource Flat fan nozzles gave better boom volumetric distribution at 2.5 kgf.cm-2.
Method / resource Hollow cone nozzles gave better distribution at 2.0 kgf.cm-2 and 300 mm height.
Method / resource As forward speed rose, mean percentage of coverage on the top fell from 30.30 - 15.37 %.
Method / resource As forward speed rose, mean percentage of coverage on the bottom part of the leaves fell from 20.01- 4.12 %.
Method / resource As forward speed rose, mean droplet density on the top fell from 277.35 - 243.40 no.cm-2.
Method / resource At 1.5 km.h-1, top leaf coverage was 30.30%.
Method / resource At 1.5 km.h-1, bottom leaf coverage was 20.01%.
Method / resource Low speed increased spray volume relative to faster travel.
Method / resource Low speed reduced field capacity relative to faster travel.
Method / resource Forward travel speed, tag position and nozzle type significantly affected mean droplet size.
Method / resource Forward travel speed, tag position and nozzle type significantly affected number median diameter.
Method / resource Forward travel speed, tag position and nozzle type significantly affected percentage coverage of leaf area.
Method / resource Forward travel speed, tag position and nozzle type significantly affected droplet density.
Method / resource Field capacity ranged from 0.22 to 0.36 ha.h-1 as travel speed increased from 1.50 to 2.50 km.h-1.

Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Counting only infested leaves per shoot reduced the time required to sample by 4- to 8-fold.

Taxon: appleMalus domesticae0
Interactor: Aphis pomiAphis pomie0pest
Outcome: time required to samplee4
Direction: decreasee4
Value: 4- to 8-folde4
Comparator: method of counting the number of aphids on the most infested leafe3

Verbatim

e0
“Various sampling schemes were evaluated for estimating the population size of the apple aphid, Aphis pomi DeGeer, on an apple tree”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–130

e3
“The method of counting the number of aphids on the most infested leaf provided the most accurate assessment of aphid density, but it required the most effort”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 442–599

e4
“Counting only the number of infested leaves per shoot resulted in a decrease in accuracy, but also a 4- to 8-fold decrease in the time required to sample”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 601–754

Title

Sampling Schemes for Estimating Populations of the Apple Aphid,Aphis pomi(Homoptera: Aphididae), on Apple1

Larry A. Hull; Jeffery W. Grimm Environmental Entomology 1983. doi:10.1093/ee/12.5.1581

Other claims from this paper (7)

Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Actuator duty-cycle switching fell 25% against baseline control.

Outcome: actuator duty-cycle switchinge0
Direction: reductione0
Value: 25%e0
Comparator: baseline rule-based controle0

Not reportedTaxon

Verbatim

e0
“outperformed the baseline rule-based control with a 28% increase in fresh biomass, a 22% improvement in dry matter accumulation, a 25% reduction in actuator duty-cycle switching, and an 18% decrease in overall energy consumption.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1400–1629

Title

FPGA-Accelerated Machine Learning for Computational Environmental Information Processing in IoT-Integrated High-Density Nanosensor Networks

Alaa Kamal Yousif Dafhalla; Fawzia Awad Elhassan Ali; Asma Ibrahim Gamar Eldeen; et al. Information 2026. doi:10.3390/info17040354

Other claims from this paper (9)

Method / resource The control model achieved R2 of 0.985.
Method / resource The control model achieved temperature RMSE of 0.28 °C.
Method / resource The IoT gateway had mean communication latency of 140 ms.
Method / resource The IoT gateway had packet delivery reliability of 99.8%.
Method / resource The control system maintained temperature within ±0.3 °C of its setpoint.
Method / resource The control system maintained humidity within ±1.2% of its setpoint.
Intervention effect Pepper fresh biomass increased 28% over baseline rule-based control.
Intervention effect Pepper dry matter accumulation improved 22% over baseline rule-based control.
Method / resource Overall energy consumption fell 18% against baseline control.

Method / resourceauthor interpretationreview summarybasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

A fertilizer use efficiency model distinguishes four categories of FUE for host and nematode outcomes.

Taxon: plant (host)e2
Interactor: nematodeNematodae1pest
Outcome: four categories of FUEe1
Value: four categoriese1

Verbatim

e1
“it is possible to distinguish four categories of FUE: efficient for (A) host and nematode, (B) host, (C) nematode, and (D) neither”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 921–1051

e2
“FUE is defined as increase in plant (host) productivity and/ or decrease in nematode population density”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 445–548

Title

Nutrient use efficiency and precision management of nematodes - concepts and possibilities.

Haddish Melakeberhan Nematologia Brasileira 2008

Other claims from this paper (2)

Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Trait-based clustering identified functional groups capturing regional species diversity.

Outcome: functional groups that capture the ecological diversity of the region’s species poole0

Not reportedTaxonComparatorValue

Verbatim

e0
“Using hierarchical clustering based on key functional traits—leaf nitrogen, specific leaf area, seed mass, and wood density—we identified functional groups that capture the ecological diversity of the region’s species pool (present and potential).”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 465–712

Title

A functional approach to increase diversity and decrease risk in managed forests: The case of the Monteregian forest, Canada

Alain Paquette; Michaël Belluau; Maria Raquel Kanieski; et al. The Forestry Chronicle 2026. doi:10.5558/tfc2026-016

Other claims from this paper (3)

Method / resource Clustering more than 19,000 inventories identified recurrent forest types.
Observation Functional groups were unequally represented, reducing potential response to future risks.
Recommendation The authors advise prioritizing some groups through management or planting to increase diversity.

Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Yield relationship yielded action thresholds of three and seven leafmines per leaf.

Taxon: tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
Interactor: Liriomyza trifoliiLiriomyza trifoliit0pest
Outcome: action thresholdse0
Value: three and seven leafmines per tomato leafe0

Verbatim

e0
“Two action thresholds (m AT), three and seven leafmines per tomato leaf, were set by examining the relationship between the leafmine density and the decrease in the tomato yield.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 202–380

t0
“Liriomyza trifolii(Diptera: Agromyzidae) in greenhouse tomatoes”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 78–141

Title

Evaluation of binomial sequential classification sampling plan for leafmine ofLiriomyza trifolii(Diptera: Agromyzidae) in greenhouse tomatoes

Doo Hyung Lee; Jung-Joon Park; Joon-Ho Lee; et al. International Journal of Pest Management 2006. doi:10.1080/09670870601105956

Other claims from this paper (7)

Method / resource Model fit improved up to T = 5 then stabilized.
Method / resource Sampling plan robustness improved with T, with negligible gains at T ≥ 3.
Method / resource Simulation identified T = 3 as optimal.
Method / resource Fewer than 70 samples classified leafmine counts relative to either action threshold.
Method / resource Resampling performance exceeded that expected from OC and ASN functions.
Method / resource Correct classification reached at least 99%.
Method / resource Matching sample size was below 57.

“decrease in density”

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