Search claims · PlantClaims

Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

DBH showed no significant difference between P2U MLS and RTC360 TLS.

Taxon: Urban Street Treest0
Outcome: DBHe1
Direction: no significant differencee1
Value: p=0.6078e1
Comparator: RTC360e0

Verbatim

t0
“Inter-Sensor Error Analysis between TLS and MLS for Urban Street Trees toward Digital Twin Development”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–102

e0
“P2U tended to underestimate TreeHeight and crown-related metrics compared with RTC360 (Δ TreeHeight=−1.02m; ΔCrownVolume=−103.38m³ )”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 753–885

e1
“while DBH showed no significant difference (Wilcoxon p=0.6078)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 887–949

Title

Inter-Sensor Error Analysis between TLS and MLS for Urban Street Trees toward Digital Twin Development

Yongbum Park; Gunwon Lee KIEAE Journal 2026. doi:10.12813/kieae.2026.26.1.055

Other claims from this paper (6)

Method / resource P2U MLS tended to underestimate tree height relative to RTC360 TLS, by about 1.02 m.
Method / resource P2U tended to underestimate crown volume relative to RTC360 TLS, by about 103.38 m³.
Method / resource CrownVolume showed the largest discrepancy and variability between P2U MLS and RTC360 TLS.
Association TLS and MLS results are not directly interchangeable for crown metrics without additional QC or calibration.
Association DBH appears relatively stable across the TLS and MLS comparison.
Association The overall TLS-MLS difference pattern remained unchanged after excluding outlier candidates.

Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Using an artificial background did not significantly improve estimation accuracy (R2=0.70) compared with no background acquisition for grapevine pruning wood weight.

Taxon: grapevineVitise1
Treatment: artificial backgrounde0
Outcome: estimation accuracye0
Direction: did not significantly improvee0
Value: R2=0.70e0
Comparator: no background acquisition modee0

Verbatim

e1
“Pruning wood mass is a key factor in grapevine management”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–57

e0
“Results showed that using an artificial background did not significantly improve estimation accuracy (R2=0.70) compared with no background acquisition mode (R2=0.69)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1057–1222

Title

Improved Image Acquisition for Accurate Pruning Wood Weight Estimation via Image Analysis in

Stefano Puccio; Daniele Miccichè; Lucia Turano; et al. Springer Link (Chiba Institute of Technology) 2026. doi:10.1051/bioconf/202623505004/pdf

Other claims from this paper (1)

Recommendation A simple camera system could be sufficient for effective grapevine pruning wood assessment.

Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

For Kenya samples, sorting gave a mean aflatoxin difference of -0.28 log10 (ng/g), not significant (p=0.08).

Taxon: maizeZea mayst0
Outcome: mean differencee2
Value: -0.28 log 10 (ng/g)e2
Setting: Kenyae2

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

t0
“reduce aflatoxin in bulk maize”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 25–55

e2
“Kenya sample’s mean difference was -0.28 log 10 (ng/g) (p=0.08 by paired t test)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1009–1089

Title

Multispectral sorting to reduce aflatoxin in bulk maize retains some efficacy when tested under less controlled field conditions

Julie W. Hwang; Ruben A. Chavez; Asha B. Mohamed; et al. Food and Humanity 2026. doi:10.1016/j.foohum.2026.101314

Other claims from this paper (5)

Method / resource Sorting gave a mean aflatoxin difference of -0.28 log10 (ng/g) between the accept and reject streams for Ghana samples, significant by paired t-test (p<2.2e-16).
Method / resource Sorting rejected an average 37.9% of the Ghana maize samples by mass.
Method / resource Sorting rejected an average 7.17% of the Kenya maize samples by mass.
Method / resource Sorting rejected an average 65.5% of aflatoxin in the Ghana maize samples.
Method / resource Sorting rejected an average 54.3% of aflatoxin in the Kenya maize samples.

Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Plate metre calibration showed no significant difference between sward types

Taxon: perennial ryegrassLolium perennee1
Outcome: Plate metre calibratione7
Value: p > 0.05e7
Comparator: sward typese7

Verbatim

e1
“This study investigated the agronomic performance and root characteristics of perennial ryegrass and mixed perennial ryegrass–plantain swards under intensive rotational grazing by dairy cows in Northern Ireland over two full grazing seasons (2023–2024)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 9–261

e7
“Plate metre calibration showed no significant difference ( p > 0.05) between sward types, validating the use of a common equation.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1325–1455

Title

Agronomic Performance of Perennial Ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L)—Ribwort Plantain ( Plantago lanceolata L) and Perennial Ryegrass Swards Under Intensive Dairy Cow Grazing

Lauren Elizabeth Chesney; Naomi Rutherford; Francesca Carnovale; et al. Grass and Forage Science 2026. doi:10.1111/gfs.70041

Other claims from this paper (17)

Observation Perennial ryegrass sward total seasonal yield was 11,683 kg DM/ha
Observation Ryegrass–plantain sward total seasonal yield was 11,766 kg DM/ha
Intervention effect Ryegrass–plantain swards showed greater herbage utilisation than PRG swards
Intervention effect Ryegrass–plantain swards had higher ash than perennial ryegrass
Intervention effect Ryegrass–plantain swards had higher acid detergent fibre than perennial ryegrass
Intervention effect Ryegrass–plantain swards had lower neutral detergent fibre than perennial ryegrass
Intervention effect Ryegrass–plantain swards had lower water-soluble carbohydrates than perennial ryegrass
Intervention effect Ryegrass–plantain swards had lower digestibility than perennial ryegrass
Intervention effect Ryegrass–plantain swards had lower gross energy than perennial ryegrass
Observation Botanical composition of ryegrass–plantain swards averaged about 29% plantain across years
Intervention effect Perennial ryegrass swards had greater fine root development than ryegrass–plantain swards to 30 cm depth
Intervention effect Perennial ryegrass swards had greater root biomass than ryegrass–plantain swards to 30 cm depth
Intervention effect Perennial ryegrass swards had greater root surface area than ryegrass–plantain swards to 30 cm depth
Intervention effect Ryegrass–plantain sward roots were fewer in number than perennial ryegrass roots
Intervention effect Ryegrass–plantain sward roots had slightly thicker diameters in deeper layers than perennial ryegrass roots
Intervention effect Ryegrass–plantain swards increased growth during periods of low rainfall
Recommendation Incorporating plantain into perennial ryegrass swards is recommended to enhance utilisation efficiency

Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultpositivenot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Torula and palm sap were the best food baits for fruit flies in guava orchards, with no significant difference between them

Taxon: GuavaPsidium guajavat0
Treatment: Torulae2
Interactor: Fruit Fliest0pest
Outcome: best attractantse2
Comparator: palm sape2

Verbatim

t0
“Monitoring Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Guava Orchards in Maputo, Mozambique”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 35–120

e2
“Torula and palm sap were the best attractants, with no significant difference between them”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 757–847

Title

Evaluation of Local Food Baits for Monitoring Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Guava Orchards in Maputo, Mozambique

Deborah Apio; Laura Canhanga; Domingos Cugala Insects 2026. doi:10.3390/insects17060555

Other claims from this paper (6)

Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

RAPD screening with seven primers revealed no significant genetic variation between tissue-culture plantlets and mother plants.

Taxon: Coffea arabicaCoffea arabicat0
Outcome: genetic variatione5
Comparator: mother plantse5

Verbatim

t0
“in vitro propagated Coffea arabica plants”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 22–63

e5
“Screening of the tissue cultured plantlets and mother plants with seven selected RAPD primers revealed no significant genetic variation”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 809–944

Title

Genetic assessment of in vitro propagated Coffea arabica plants using RAPD makers

Natthiya Chaichana; Jiraporn Palee; Somruthai Tunma; et al. Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding 2026. doi:10.37992/2026.1701.015

Other claims from this paper (3)

Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Distribution uniformity did not differ significantly between laboratory and pilot field settings.

Taxon: apple treesMalus domesticae7
Outcome: distribution uniformitye1
Direction: no significant differencee0
Comparator: two environmentse0

Verbatim

e0
“Statistical analysis confirmed no significant difference between the two environments”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1366–1451

e1
“high distribution uniformity”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1190–1218

e7
“apple trees”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 727–738

Title

Development of a new spot ring fertilizer distribution system for smart nutrition management in orchards

Arkar Minn; Victor Massaki Nakaguchi; Tofael Ahamed Smart Agricultural Technology 2026. doi:10.1016/j.atech.2026.101914

Other claims from this paper (6)

Method / resource The distribution system had a mean coefficient of variation of 6.96% in laboratory trials.
Method / resource The distribution system had a mean coefficient of variation of 7.95% in pilot field experiments.
Method / resource The system attained 97.95% rate control accuracy.
Method / resource The system had MAPE of 2.05%.
Method / resource YOLOv8x located apple tree trunks in the pilot orchard.
Recommendation The authors recommend the prototype for precise tree-to-tree fertilizer application.

Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Predicted measurements did not differ significantly from ground truth.

Taxon: mandarint0
Outcome: YOLOv8-predicted measurementse0
Comparator: ground truth datae0

Verbatim

e0
“nonsignificant differences between YOLOv8-predicted measurements and ground truth data”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1221–1307

t0
“mandarin”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 45–53

Title

Deep learning based instance segmentation of mandarin fruit slices for precision assessment and morphological quantification

Anh Tuan Le; Jinhyun Ahn; Thanh Tuan Thai Scientific Reports 2026. doi:10.1038/s41598-026-46784-4

Other claims from this paper (10)

Method / resource YOLOv8 bounding box precision was about 0.997.
Method / resource YOLOv8 bounding box recall was about 1.00.
Method / resource YOLOv8 bounding box mAP50 was about 0.995.
Method / resource YOLOv8 bounding box mAP50-95 was about 0.922.
Method / resource Semantic segmentation precision was 0.997.
Method / resource Semantic segmentation recall was about 1.00.
Method / resource Semantic segmentation mAP50 was about 0.995.
Method / resource Semantic segmentation mAP50-95 was 0.965.
Observation Training and validation losses converged steadily.
Method / resource Predicted measurements had low mean absolute error.

Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Finger and sled breakers did not differ significantly in silty-clay soil.

Taxon: cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
Outcome: differencese0
Direction: no significant differencese0
Comparator: rolling-type finger and sled-type designse0

Verbatim

e0
“no significant differences were observed between the rolling-type finger and sled-type designs”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1247–1341

t0
“using cotton seeds”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 811–829

Title

Development and evaluation of various types of manually operated soil crust breakers

Bahadır Candan; Davut Karayel Journal of Agricultural Engineering 2026. doi:10.4081/jae.2026.1827

Other claims from this paper (5)

Method / resource All three breakers disrupted soil crust.
Method / resource Rolling blade achieved 82.3% emergence in silty-clay soil.
Method / resource Breakers did not differ significantly in clay-loam soil.
Method / resource Breakers improved cotton emergence at least 23.8% in silty-clay soil.
Method / resource Breakers improved cotton emergence 8% in clay-loam soil.

Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Breakers did not differ significantly in clay-loam soil.

Taxon: cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
Outcome: performance differencese0
Direction: not statistically significante0
Comparator: three crust breakerse0
Setting: clay-loam soile0

Verbatim

e0
“In clay-loam soil, performance differences among the three crust breakers were not statistically significant.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1343–1452

t0
“using cotton seeds”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 811–829

Title

Development and evaluation of various types of manually operated soil crust breakers

Bahadır Candan; Davut Karayel Journal of Agricultural Engineering 2026. doi:10.4081/jae.2026.1827

Other claims from this paper (5)

Method / resource All three breakers disrupted soil crust.
Method / resource Rolling blade achieved 82.3% emergence in silty-clay soil.
Method / resource Finger and sled breakers did not differ significantly in silty-clay soil.
Method / resource Breakers improved cotton emergence at least 23.8% in silty-clay soil.
Method / resource Breakers improved cotton emergence 8% in clay-loam soil.

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