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“decrease in density”

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1990 2000 ’10 ’20

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Organism: Malus domestica ✕

Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Mouldy core fruit had lower density and soluble solids than normal fruit.

Taxon: AppleMalus domesticat0
Outcome: density and soluble solid contentse0
Direction: decreasee0
Comparator: normal fruitse0

Verbatim

t0
“Nondestructive Detection of Apple Mouldy Core Based on Bioimpedance Properties”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–78

e0
“the incidence of mouldy-core fruits presented a decrease in density and soluble solid contents in comparison to normal fruits”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1647–1772

Title

Nondestructive Detection of Apple Mouldy Core Based on Bioimpedance Properties

Fan Li Food Science 2013

Other claims from this paper (10)

Observation Apple complex impedance and parallel resistance decreased with frequency.
Observation Apple susceptance and conductance increased with frequency.
Method / resource Log frequency had strong linear relationships with log impedance and log susceptance.
Observation Phase angle, log parallel capacitance and log loss coefficient fluctuated with one, two and three turning points, respectively.
Observation Mouldy core did not change impedance parameter frequency curve trends.
Observation Mouldy core decreased fruit impedance.
Observation Mouldy core increased susceptance and parallel capacitance.
Method / resource Sparse principal component analysis selected 27 impedance parameters for 14 effective components.
Method / resource SVM classified mouldy core fruit more accurately than ANN.
Method / resource The impedance based SPCA-SVM classifier discriminated mouldy core fruit with 94% accuracy across ten tests.

Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

That budding and spacing combination reduced production cost by 13%.

Taxon: apple treesMalus domesticat0
Outcome: cost productione0
Direction: decreasee0
Value: 13 %e0

Verbatim

e0
“favored a maximum 13 %-decrease of cost production”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1620–1670

t0
“PRODUCTIVITY AND ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF GROWING YOUNG BI-AXIS APPLE TREES DEPENDING ON THE PRACTICE OF BI-AXIS FORMATION BY BUDDING AND THE DENSITY IN A ROW”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–156

Title

PRODUCTIVITY AND ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF GROWING YOUNG BI-AXIS APPLE TREES DEPENDING ON THE PRACTICE OF BI-AXIS FORMATION BY BUDDING AND THE DENSITY IN A ROW

Polunina O. V. Bulletin of Uman National University of Horticulture 2019. doi:10.31395/2310-0478-2019-2-89-93

Other claims from this paper (12)

Intervention effect Opposite budding with two buds increased standard young tree output by 12%.
Intervention effect Alternate budding with two buds increased standard young tree output by 11%.
Intervention effect At 45 cm row spacing, young tree output per unit area decreased by 23%.
Intervention effect At 55 cm row spacing, young tree output per unit area decreased by 35%.
Intervention effect At 65 cm row spacing, young tree output per unit area decreased by 44%.
Intervention effect Lower planting density increased the quality crowned tree share by 6%, 9%, and 10% at the three wider spacings.
Observation Opposite budding at 33 cm spacing yielded 17.7 thousand standard young trees per hectare.
Observation That budding and spacing combination increased sales revenue by 24%.
Observation The treatment produced UAH 388 thousand net profit.
Observation The treatment produced 197% profitability.
Observation Opposite budding at 65 cm spacing produced 94% standard young trees among planted rootstocks.
Observation Alternate budding at 65 cm spacing produced 93% standard young trees among planted rootstocks.

Observationobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Moisture content decreased significantly from 10.11% to 5.69% over 75 days.

Taxon: appleMalus domesticat0
Outcome: moisture contente0
Direction: decreasee0
Value: 10.11% to 5.69%e0
Qualifier: from 0 to 75 dayse0

Verbatim

e0
“significant decrease in moisture content from 10.11% to 5.69% was observed from 0 to 75 days”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1060–1152

t0
“apple sticks”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 119–131

Title

Optimization of temperature and power density in microwave-assisted hot air oven drying and storage stability of dried apple sticks

Nabeela Haneef; Yvan Garièpy; Vijaya Raghavan; et al. Brazilian journal of food technology/Brazilian Journal of Food Technology 2023. doi:10.1590/1981-6723.00623

Other claims from this paper (9)

Association Temperature and microwave power density significantly affected the drying response variables.
Observation At 65 ºC and 1 W/g, optimized moisture content was 9.54%.
Observation At 65 ºC and 1 W/g, optimized drying time was 100 minutes.
Observation At 65 ºC and 1 W/g, optimized color change was 7.54.
Observation During storage, color changed nonsignificantly from 10.45 to 10.73.
Observation During storage, fungal counts changed nonsignificantly from 0.45 to 0.69 log cfu/g.
Observation Storage increased the force and energy required to break apple sticks.
Observation Electron micrographs showed cell structure shrinkage during storage.
Observation Apple stick brittleness increased significantly during storage and remained acceptable through 75 days.

Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Fruit injury at harvest was below 1.0% for Delicious apples in all plots except the highest density plot.

Taxon: appleMalus domesticae2
Material: Deliciouse4
Interactor: codling mothCydia pomonellat0pest
Outcome: Fruit injury at harveste4
Direction: decreaseinferrede4
Value: < 1.0%e4
Qualifier: except the highest density (HD) plot (4.0%)e4

Verbatim

e2
“Field experiments were conducted in small plots of apple”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 332–388

e4
“Fruit injury at harvest was < 1.0% for 'Delicious' in all plots except the highest density (HD) plot (4.0%), but was ca. 1.0% or higher for Golden Delicious' in all plots (14% in the liD plot)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1121–1313

t0
“Mating Disruption of Codling Moth”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–33

Title

Mating Disruption of Codling Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidael with Polyethylene Tube Dispensers: Determining Emission Rates and the Distribution of Fruit Injuries'

A. L. Knight; J. F. Howell; L. M. McDonough; et al. 1995

Other claims from this paper (7)

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