Abstract
The paper is devoted to the research of the effect of the bi-axis formation by means of budding and the plant density in a row on the output and quality of young bi-axis apple trees cv. Florina 54–118 and the economic efficiency of their cultivation. The research was carried out in the fruit nursery of the educational-production department of Uman national university of horticulture in the years of 2016–2018. Bi-axis formation was done by budding: one bud with a further shoot picking when it is 10 cm long (the control), one bud with a further shoot picking when it is 20 cm long, two buds opposite (hereinafter “opposite budding”), two buds opposite with their 5-cm shift to each other along a rootstock (hereinafter “alternate budding”). A rootstock was planted in a field of a nursery, the distances between plants being 33, 45, 55 і 65 cm. It was found out that opposite and alternate budding with two buds resulted in a maximum increase of the standard young tree output by 12 and 11 %, respectively. It was recorded that the lowest plant density, due to the increase of the distance between plants in a row up to 45, 55 і 65 cm, caused the decrease of the output of young trees per unit area by 23, 35 and 44 % (y = 0,004x2 - 0,628x + 32,72; ηxy = 0,99 ± 0,04), respectively. And, a lower plant density facilitated the increase of the share of quality crowned young bi-axis apple trees from the number of the planted rootstock by 6, 9 and 10 %. So, opposite budding with two buds and a plant density in a row equal to 33 cm between plants ensured the output of 17.7 thousand standard young trees per hectare, favored a maximum 13 %-decrease of cost production and 24 %-increase of the sales revenue. All this helped receive UAH 388 th. of net profit and 197 % of profitability. The largest share of standard young trees from the number of the planted rootstock was recorded under opposite (94 %) and alternate (93 %) budding with two buds and a 65 cm-distance between plants in a row.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Opposite budding with two buds increased standard young tree output by 12%.
- Taxon
- apple trees
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- oppositee0
- Outcome
- standard young tree outpute0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 12e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“opposite and alternate budding with two buds resulted in a maximum increase of the standard young tree output by 12 and 11 %, respectively.”
t0“PRODUCTIVITY AND ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF GROWING YOUNG BI-AXIS APPLE TREES DEPENDING ON THE PRACTICE OF BI-AXIS FORMATION BY BUDDING AND THE DENSITY IN A ROW”
Claim · model-written summary
Alternate budding with two buds increased standard young tree output by 11%.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- alternate budding with two budse0
- Outcome
- standard young tree outpute0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 11 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“opposite and alternate budding with two buds resulted in a maximum increase of the standard young tree output by 12 and 11 %, respectively.”
t0“PRODUCTIVITY AND ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF GROWING YOUNG BI-AXIS APPLE TREES DEPENDING ON THE PRACTICE OF BI-AXIS FORMATION BY BUDDING AND THE DENSITY IN A ROW”
Claim · model-written summary
At 45 cm row spacing, young tree output per unit area decreased by 23%.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- 45e0
- Outcome
- output of young trees per unit areae0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 23e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the increase of the distance between plants in a row up to 45, 55 і 65 cm, caused the decrease of the output of young trees per unit area by 23, 35 and 44 %”
t0“PRODUCTIVITY AND ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF GROWING YOUNG BI-AXIS APPLE TREES DEPENDING ON THE PRACTICE OF BI-AXIS FORMATION BY BUDDING AND THE DENSITY IN A ROW”
Claim · model-written summary
At 55 cm row spacing, young tree output per unit area decreased by 35%.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- 55e0
- Outcome
- output of young trees per unit areae0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 35e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the increase of the distance between plants in a row up to 45, 55 і 65 cm, caused the decrease of the output of young trees per unit area by 23, 35 and 44 %”
t0“PRODUCTIVITY AND ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF GROWING YOUNG BI-AXIS APPLE TREES DEPENDING ON THE PRACTICE OF BI-AXIS FORMATION BY BUDDING AND THE DENSITY IN A ROW”
Claim · model-written summary
At 65 cm row spacing, young tree output per unit area decreased by 44%.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- 65 cme0
- Outcome
- output of young trees per unit areae0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 44 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the increase of the distance between plants in a row up to 45, 55 і 65 cm, caused the decrease of the output of young trees per unit area by 23, 35 and 44 %”
t0“PRODUCTIVITY AND ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF GROWING YOUNG BI-AXIS APPLE TREES DEPENDING ON THE PRACTICE OF BI-AXIS FORMATION BY BUDDING AND THE DENSITY IN A ROW”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower planting density increased the quality crowned tree share by 6%, 9%, and 10% at the three wider spacings.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- lower plant densitye0
- Outcome
- share of quality crowned young bi-axis apple treese0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a lower plant density facilitated the increase of the share of quality crowned young bi-axis apple trees from the number of the planted rootstock by 6, 9 and 10 %.”
Claim · model-written summary
Opposite budding at 33 cm spacing yielded 17.7 thousand standard young trees per hectare.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- opposite budding with two budse0
- Outcome
- standard young trees per hectaree0
- Value
- 17.7 thousande0
- Setting
- 33 cm between plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“opposite budding with two buds and a plant density in a row equal to 33 cm between plants ensured the output of 17.7 thousand standard young trees per hectare”
t0“PRODUCTIVITY AND ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF GROWING YOUNG BI-AXIS APPLE TREES DEPENDING ON THE PRACTICE OF BI-AXIS FORMATION BY BUDDING AND THE DENSITY IN A ROW”
Claim · model-written summary
That budding and spacing combination reduced production cost by 13%.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- cost productione0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 13 %e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“favored a maximum 13 %-decrease of cost production”
t0“PRODUCTIVITY AND ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF GROWING YOUNG BI-AXIS APPLE TREES DEPENDING ON THE PRACTICE OF BI-AXIS FORMATION BY BUDDING AND THE DENSITY IN A ROW”
Claim · model-written summary
That budding and spacing combination increased sales revenue by 24%.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- sales revenuee0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 24 %e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“24 %-increase of the sales revenue”
t0“PRODUCTIVITY AND ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF GROWING YOUNG BI-AXIS APPLE TREES DEPENDING ON THE PRACTICE OF BI-AXIS FORMATION BY BUDDING AND THE DENSITY IN A ROW”
Claim · model-written summary
The treatment produced UAH 388 thousand net profit.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- net profite0
- Value
- UAH 388 th.e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“UAH 388 th. of net profit and 197 % of profitability.”
t0“PRODUCTIVITY AND ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF GROWING YOUNG BI-AXIS APPLE TREES DEPENDING ON THE PRACTICE OF BI-AXIS FORMATION BY BUDDING AND THE DENSITY IN A ROW”
Claim · model-written summary
The treatment produced 197% profitability.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- profitabilitye0
- Value
- 197 %e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“UAH 388 th. of net profit and 197 % of profitability.”
t0“PRODUCTIVITY AND ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF GROWING YOUNG BI-AXIS APPLE TREES DEPENDING ON THE PRACTICE OF BI-AXIS FORMATION BY BUDDING AND THE DENSITY IN A ROW”
Claim · model-written summary
Opposite budding at 65 cm spacing produced 94% standard young trees among planted rootstocks.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- oppositee0
- Outcome
- share of standard young treese0
- Value
- 94 %e0
- Setting
- 65 cm-distancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The largest share of standard young trees from the number of the planted rootstock was recorded under opposite (94 %) and alternate (93 %) budding with two buds and a 65 cm-distance between plants in a row.”
t0“PRODUCTIVITY AND ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF GROWING YOUNG BI-AXIS APPLE TREES DEPENDING ON THE PRACTICE OF BI-AXIS FORMATION BY BUDDING AND THE DENSITY IN A ROW”
Claim · model-written summary
Alternate budding at 65 cm spacing produced 93% standard young trees among planted rootstocks.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- alternatee0
- Outcome
- share of standard young treese0
- Value
- 93 %e0
- Setting
- 65 cm-distancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The largest share of standard young trees from the number of the planted rootstock was recorded under opposite (94 %) and alternate (93 %) budding with two buds and a 65 cm-distance between plants in a row.”
t0“PRODUCTIVITY AND ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF GROWING YOUNG BI-AXIS APPLE TREES DEPENDING ON THE PRACTICE OF BI-AXIS FORMATION BY BUDDING AND THE DENSITY IN A ROW”
The same questions in other papers
density · quality: general · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.