Search claims · PlantClaims

Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Mutant kernels showed a decrease in starch content.

Taxon: maizeZea mayst0
Material: mutant kernelse0
Outcome: starch contente0
Direction: decreasee0

Verbatim

e0
“Furthermore, we observed a decrease in starch content accompanied by an increase in protein content in the mutant kernels.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 707–829

t0
“maize”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 62–67

Title

ZmMKK4, a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase, influences maize kernel size

Haibo Qu; Binyan Yao; Wenhui Rao; et al. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 2026. doi:10.1016/j.plaphy.2026.111062

Other claims from this paper (8)

Mechanism ZmMKK4 was identified as a positive regulator of maize kernel development.
Observation ZmMKK4 localized primarily to the nucleus and cytoplasm.
Observation ZmMKK4 was highly expressed across multiple tissues including kernels.
Intervention effect zmmkk4 knockout reduced or impaired kernel size.
Intervention effect zmmkk4 knockout reduced or impaired weight.
Intervention effect zmmkk4 knockout reduced or impaired kernel development.
Observation Mutant kernels showed a increase in protein content.
Recommendation The authors present ZmMKK4 as a candidate for marker-assisted selection or gene editing.

Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

In 2023 there was a decrease in yield compared with near-normal precipitation in 2021.

Taxon: cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
Outcome: yielde1
Direction: decreasee1

Verbatim

e1
“there was a decrease in yield”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1293–1322

t0
“corn”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 35–39

Title

Cover crops did not change optimal corn nitrogen rate over three variable precipitation seasons in the Western Corn Belt

Tauana Ferreira de Almeida; Lucas Pecci Canisares; Emily Robinson; et al. Agronomy Journal 2025. doi:10.1002/agj2.70129

Other claims from this paper (7)

Intervention effect Cover crops did not decrease corn grain yield at the AONR.
Intervention effect Cover crops did not increase the AONR compared with the no-cover crop treatment.
Observation In 2021, with near-normal precipitation, corn yield at the AONR and the AONR were the highest of the three years.
Observation In 2022, with about half the 30-year average rainfall, yield at the AONR decreased across treatments.
Intervention effect In 2023, cover crop treatments had no significant effect on the AONR.
Mechanism Weather was the dominant factor driving the AONR.
Recommendation The results do not support the need for higher N rates after winter cover crops.

Associationobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Senescent maize leaves showed a significant decrease in CO2 assimilatory capacity.

Taxon: maizeZea mayst0
Organ / stage: senescent leavest0
Outcome: CO2 assimilatory capacitye1
Direction: decreasee1

Verbatim

e1
“Senescent leaves displayed a significant decrease in CO2 assimilatory capacity accompanied by a decrease in stomatal conductance and an increase in intercellular CO2 concentration”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 143–322

t0
“senescent leaves of maize plants”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 50–82

Title

Modifications in photosystem II photochemistry in senescent leaves of maize plants

C. Lu; J. Zhang Journal of Experimental Botany 1998. doi:10.1093/jxb/49.327.1671

Other claims from this paper (11)

Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultnegativeprojected

Claim · model-written summary

The 4M model predicted a considerable future decrease in maize yields.

Taxon: maizeZea mayse0
Outcome: maize yieldse0
Direction: decreasee0

Not reportedComparatorValue

Verbatim

e0
“4M predicted a considerable decrease of maize yields as well as yield safety for the future.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 933–1025

Title

USING LONG-TERM FIELD EXPERIMENT DATA TO PREPARE A CROP SIMULATION MODEL FOR CLIMATE IMPACT STUDIES

GY. MICSKEI Applied Ecology and Environmental Research 2016. doi:10.15666/aeer/1403_263280

Other claims from this paper (6)

Method / resource After calibration, the 4M model adequately simulated biomass production differences among fertilizer levels.
Method / resource After calibration, the 4M model adequately simulated long-term biomass production trends and averages.
Method / resource The 4M model underestimated inter-annual yield variability.
Method / resource A new formula was proposed to simulate increased leaf decay under heat and water stress.
Method / resource The 4M model predicted a considerable future decrease in maize yield safety.
Method / resource Comparison of observed and simulated data suggested two model improvements for projections of environmental stress impacts.

Associationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Late planting was associated with a 7% decrease in corn kernel weight.

Taxon: CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
Treatment: late plantinge0
Outcome: kernel weighte0
Direction: decreasee0
Value: 7%e0

Verbatim

e0
“Yield loss due to late planting was associated with a 7% decrease in kernel weight”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 767–849

t0
“Corn”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 23–27

Title

Agronomic Responses of Corn to Planting Date and Plant Density

Ryan J. Van Roekel; Jeffrey A. Coulter Agronomy Journal 2011. doi:10.2134/agronj2011.0071

Other claims from this paper (9)

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The decrease in chlorophyll b under sorbitol was more prominent than the decrease in chlorophyll a.

Taxon: maizeZea mayse1
Treatment: Sorbitol treatmente2
Outcome: decrease in chlorophyll 'b'e2
Direction: more prominente2
Comparator: chlorophyll 'a'e2

Verbatim

e1
“Treatment of maize seedlings with different concentrations of sorbitol decreased the rate of germination substantially”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–118

e2
“Sorbitol treatment also reduced the total chlorophylls, chlorophyll a as well as chlorophyll b; the decrease in chlorophyll 'b' being more prominent than chlorophyll 'a', however, carotenoid content was declined marginally”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 426–648

Title

Sorbitol-induced changes in various growth and biochemici parameters in maize

M. Jain; S. Tiwary; R. Gadre Plant Soil and Environment 2010. doi:10.17221/233/2009-pse

Other claims from this paper (10)

Intervention effect Sorbitol treatment of maize seedlings substantially decreased the rate of germination.
Intervention effect Sorbitol treatment reduced root length and shoot length of maize.
Observation The decrease in root length under sorbitol was smaller than the decrease in shoot length.
Intervention effect Sorbitol decreased the fresh weight of maize leaf segments in a concentration-dependent manner.
Intervention effect Sorbitol increased the dry weight of maize leaf segments in a concentration-dependent manner.
Intervention effect Sorbitol treatment reduced total chlorophylls, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b in maize.
Intervention effect Sorbitol treatment declined carotenoid content marginally in maize.
Intervention effect Supplying sorbitol decreased protein and RNA content in maize.
Intervention effect Supplying sorbitol increased proline content in maize.
Intervention effect Supplying sorbitol increased in vivo nitrate reductase activity in maize.

Associationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Sugar accumulation correlated with a strong decrease in specific leaf area.

Taxon: MaizeZea mayst0
Compound: sugarse0
Outcome: specific leaf area (SLA)e0
Direction: strong decreasee0

Verbatim

e0
“Accumulation of sugars was correlated with a strong decrease of the specific leaf area (SLA).”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1661–1754

t0
“Maize plants”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–12

Title

Maize plants can enter a standby mode to cope with chilling stress

Laëtitia Riva-Roveda; Brigitte Escale; Catherine Giauffret; et al. BMC Plant Biology 2016. doi:10.1186/s12870-016-0909-y

Other claims from this paper (14)

Intervention effect Maize leaf growth was arrested during chilling.
Observation Maize leaf growth recovered quickly after return to warm temperature.
Intervention effect Chilling had no measured negative effect on shoot biomass.
Intervention effect Cell cycle genes were not differentially expressed in the division zone during chilling.
Intervention effect Genes coding for expansins were up-regulated in the elongation zone during chilling.
Intervention effect PSII efficiency was strongly reduced in photosynthetic tissues.
Intervention effect Chilling repressed chlorophyll biosynthesis.
Observation Geranylgeranyl chlorophyll a accumulated in mature leaves under chilling.
Observation GERANYLGERANYL REDUCTASE was down-regulated in mature leaves.
Observation Excess light energy was mostly dissipated through fluorescence and constitutive thermal dissipation.
Observation Only weak evidence of xanthophyll cycle activation was found.
Intervention effect Chilling reduced CO 2 assimilation.
Intervention effect Chilling reduced expression of PEPC, PPDK and Rubisco small-subunit genes.
Mechanism The authors infer that growth arrest helps maize recover rapidly after mild chilling.

Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultnegativeprojected

Claim · model-written summary

The 4M model predicted a considerable future decrease in maize yield safety.

Taxon: maizeZea mayse0
Outcome: yield safetye0
Direction: decreasee0

Not reportedComparatorValue

Verbatim

e0
“4M predicted a considerable decrease of maize yields as well as yield safety for the future.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 933–1025

Title

USING LONG-TERM FIELD EXPERIMENT DATA TO PREPARE A CROP SIMULATION MODEL FOR CLIMATE IMPACT STUDIES

GY. MICSKEI Applied Ecology and Environmental Research 2016. doi:10.15666/aeer/1403_263280

Other claims from this paper (6)

Method / resource After calibration, the 4M model adequately simulated biomass production differences among fertilizer levels.
Method / resource After calibration, the 4M model adequately simulated long-term biomass production trends and averages.
Method / resource The 4M model underestimated inter-annual yield variability.
Method / resource A new formula was proposed to simulate increased leaf decay under heat and water stress.
Method / resource The 4M model predicted a considerable future decrease in maize yields.
Method / resource Comparison of observed and simulated data suggested two model improvements for projections of environmental stress impacts.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

A bacterial bioeffector showed a drastic CFU decrease two weeks after inoculation.

Taxon: maizeZea mayst0
Outcome: colony-forming unitse0
Direction: decreasee0
Qualifier: 2 weeks after inoculatione0

Verbatim

e0
“we observed a drastic decrease in colony-forming units already 2 weeks after inoculation.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1647–1736

t0
“maize”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 98–103

Title

Limited effectiveness of selected bioeffectors combined with recycling phosphorus fertilizers for maize cultivation under Swiss farming conditions

Sarah Symanczik; Carina Lipp; Paul Mäder; et al. Frontiers in Plant Science 2023. doi:10.3389/fpls.2023.1239393

Other claims from this paper (3)

Intervention effect Some bioeffector and P fertilizer combinations promoted early maize growth under controlled conditions.
Intervention effect The early maize growth effects vanished in long term pots and fields.
Mechanism The decline in inoculated bacteria was suggested to explain waning maize growth benefits.

Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Corn had a greater decrease in absolute chlorophyll content than sunflower.

Taxon: cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
Outcome: absolute chlorophyll contente0
Direction: decreasee0
Comparator: sunflower seedlingst0

Verbatim

e0
“Regarding the decrease of the absolute chlorophyll content corn reacted more sensitively”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 375–463

t0
“Cadmium tolerance of maize and sunflower seedlings.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–51

Title

Cadmium tolerance of maize and sunflower seedlings.

É. Gajdos; Nóra Bákonyi; M. Marozsán; et al. University of Debrecen Electronic Archive (University of Debrecen) 2011

Other claims from this paper (3)

Intervention effect Cadmium at 20 mg l-1 completely hindered sunflower shoot growth.
Intervention effect Increasing cadmium significantly decreased maize root absorbent surface.
Intervention effect Increasing cadmium significantly decreased sunflower root absorbent surface.

“decrease in A”

Claim types

Direction of the findings

Over time

Claim type

Research area

Polarity

Statistics