Search claims · PlantClaims

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Plant-derived essential oils, resistance inducers and extracts combined with biocontrol agents decreased the growth of S. sclerotiorum and S. minor in vitro.

Taxon: cucumber and peppere1
Treatment: plant-derived essential oils, plant resistance inducers and plant extracts in combination with biocontrol agentse3
Interactor: S. sclerotiorumSclerotinia sclerotiorume3pathogen
Second interactor: S. minorSclerotinia minore3pathogen
Outcome: growth of Sclerotinia foliage blight pathogense3
Direction: decreaseinferrede3
Qualifier: when combined factors with antagonistic bioagentse4
Setting: in vitro conditionse3

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e1
“Severe outbreaks of stem or fruit rot symptoms with sclerotial formation were observed as first occurrence during a disease survey of cucumber and pepper crops during the cool season, 2011 in the Protected Cultivation Station”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–225

e3
“determination of the efficacy of some plant-derived essential oils, plant resistance inducers and plant extracts in combination with biocontrol agents against the growth of Sclerotinia foliage blight pathogens S. sclerotiorum and S. minor was carried out under in vitro conditions”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 588–868

e4
“effective inhibitors against pathogenic fungi when combined factors with antagonistic bioagents”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 959–1054

Title

Occurrence of Sclerotinia Foliage Blight Disease of Cucumber and Pepper Plants under Protected Cultivation System in Egypt II. Bio-Control Measures against Sclerotinia Spp. in Vitro

M. M. Abdel-Kader; N. S. El-Mougy; M. D. E. Aly; et al. Advances in Life Sciences 2012. doi:10.5923/j.als.20120204.02

Other claims from this paper (2)

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The biocontrol nursery treatment gave the lowest root knot index (2.67).

Taxon: BrinjalSolanum melongenat0
Treatment: nursery treatment with Trichoderma viride @ 50g/m2 followed by application of vermicompost @ 1 t/ha enriched with Purpureocillium lilacinum @ 10 ml/kge0
Interactor: Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitat1pathogen
Second interactor: Purpureocillium lilacinumPurpureocillium lilacinume0biocontrol_agent
Outcome: root knot indexe1
Direction: loweste1
Value: 2.67e1
Setting: pot culturee4

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

t0
“in Brinjal”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 113–123

t1
“root knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 70–112

e0
“nursery treatment with Trichoderma viride @ 50g/m2 followed by application of vermicompost @ 1 t/ha enriched with Purpureocillium lilacinum @ 10 ml/kg could recorded highest increase of 98.0, 73.2, 88.5, 93.6, 93.8 and 93.4% in plant height, fresh shoot weight, fresh root weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight and total bio mass over untreated check”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 442–796

e1
“maximum decrease the root galls/plant (92.2%), number of egg masses/plant (94.9%) as well as the final nematode population (83.9%) in soil with lowest root knot index (2.67)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 816–989

e4
“A pot culture studies were carried out”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–38

Title

Efficacy of liquid formulation of biocontrol agents for management of root knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) in Brinjal

Abhishek Prusty; J.K. Mahalik Annals of Plant Protection Sciences 2018. doi:10.5958/0974-0163.2018.00042.3

Other claims from this paper (9)

Intervention effect The biocontrol nursery treatment increased brinjal plant height by 98.0%.
Intervention effect The biocontrol nursery treatment increased fresh shoot weight by 73.2%.
Intervention effect The biocontrol nursery treatment increased fresh root weight by 88.5%.
Intervention effect The biocontrol nursery treatment increased shoot dry weight by 93.6%.
Intervention effect The biocontrol nursery treatment increased root dry weight by 93.8%.
Intervention effect The biocontrol nursery treatment increased total bio mass by 93.4%.
Intervention effect The biocontrol nursery treatment decreased root galls per plant by 92.2%.
Intervention effect The biocontrol nursery treatment decreased egg masses per plant by 94.9%.
Intervention effect The biocontrol nursery treatment decreased the final nematode population by 83.9%.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Tip heating hastened some developmental events in apical kernels.

Taxon: maize (Zea mays L.)Zea mayse0
Organ / stage: apical kernelse1
Treatment: Tip-heatinge1
Outcome: developmental eventse1
Direction: hastenede1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“maize (Zea mays L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 18–37

e1
“Tip-heating hastened some of the developmental events in apical kernels”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1257–1328

e2
“Apical florets of maize (Zea mays L.) ears differentiate later than basal florets and form kernels which have lower dry matter accumulation rates.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–146

e3
“In controls, apical-kernel endosperm had 24% smaller dry weight at maturity, lower concentration of sucrose, and lower activity of ADP-Glc starch synthase than basal-kernel endosperm, whereas ADP-Glc-pyrophosphorylase (ADPG-PPase) activities were similar.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 562–817

e4
“In tip-heated ears apical-kernel endosperm had the same growth rate and final weight as basal-kernel endosperm and apical kernels had higher sucrose concentrations, higher ADP-Glc starch synthase activity, and similar ADPG-PPase activity.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 818–1056

e5
“Total grain weight per ear was not increased by tip-heating because the increase in size of apical kernels was partially offset by a slight decrease in size of the basal- and middle-position kernels.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1057–1256

Title

Official Documents- Supplemental Letter ref. Representations, TF010748 and TF015111 (Closing Package)

Zoe Kolovou PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013. doi:10.1104/pp.79.3.852

Other claims from this paper (18)

Observation Apical maize florets differentiate later than basal florets.
Observation Apical maize kernels have lower dry matter accumulation rates than basal kernels.
Observation In unheated ears, apical kernel endosperm had 24% smaller mature dry weight than basal kernel endosperm.
Observation In unheated ears, apical kernel endosperm had lower sucrose concentration than basal kernel endosperm.
Observation In unheated ears, apical kernel endosperm had lower ADP-Glc starch synthase activity than basal kernel endosperm.
Observation In unheated ears, apical and basal kernel endosperm had similar ADPG-PPase activities.
Intervention effect With tip heating, apical kernel endosperm had the same growth rate and final weight as basal kernel endosperm.
Intervention effect Tip heated apical kernels had higher sucrose concentrations.
Intervention effect Tip heated apical kernels had higher ADP-Glc starch synthase activity.
Intervention effect Tip heated apical kernels had similar ADPG-PPase activity.
Intervention effect Tip heating did not increase total grain weight per ear.
Intervention effect Tip heating increased the size of apical kernels.
Intervention effect Tip heating slightly decreased the size of basal and middle position kernels.
Intervention effect ADPG-PPase activity reached peak levels earlier in tip heated apical kernels.
Intervention effect ADP-Glc starch synthase activity reached peak levels earlier in tip heated apical kernels.
Intervention effect Starch concentration began rising earlier in tip heated apical kernels.
Intervention effect Tip heating did not shorten the period of starch accumulation in apical kernels.
Mechanism The authors conclude that pre-pollination floret development alone does not determine the slower growth and smaller size of apical kernels.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Several PRE herbicides gave nearly total control of Virginia pepperweed in container-grown ornamentals.

Taxon: container-grown ornamentalse0
Treatment: lactofen, oxyfluorfen, oryzalin, pendimethalin, prodiamine, prodiamine-ABD, isoxaben, oxadiazon, oxyfluorfen + oryzalin, oryzalin + pendimethalin, isoxaben + oryzalin, and methazole + prodiaminee2
Interactor: Virginia pepperweede2weed
Outcome: controle1
Direction: decreaseinferrede1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“A study was conducted to evaluate efficacy of 17 PRE herbicides on seven weed species that are important competitors in container-grown ornamentals”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–147

e1
“Some treatments provided nearly total control of less than 1.0 seedling per container at each rating over two years”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 422–537

e2
“Those treatments were: common groundsel—diphenyl ethers, isoxaben, oxadiazon, oxyfluorfen + oryzalin, and oxyfluorfen + pendimethalin; prostrate spurge—pendimethalin, prodiamine, prodiamine-ABD, trifluralin, oxadiazon, isoxaben + oryzalin, and methazole + prodiamine; common chickweed—isoxaben and isoxaben + oryzalin; hairy bittercress—oxyfluorfen, pendimethalin, prodiamine, prodiamine-ABE, oxadiazon, oxyfluorfen + or…” Show full quote
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 539–1459

Title

Herbicide Efficacy for Production of Container Ornamentals

Lena B. Gallitano; Walter A. Skroch Weed Technology 1993. doi:10.1017/s0890037x00036952

Other claims from this paper (7)

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Pendimethalin, prodiamine, prodiamine-ABD, trifluralin, oxadiazon, isoxaben + oryzalin and methazole + prodiamine gave nearly total control of prostrate spurge in container-grown ornamentals.

Taxon: container-grown ornamentalse0
Treatment: pendimethalin, prodiamine, prodiamine-ABD, trifluralin, oxadiazon, isoxaben + oryzalin, and methazole + prodiaminee2
Interactor: prostrate spurgee2weed
Outcome: controle1
Direction: decreaseinferrede1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“A study was conducted to evaluate efficacy of 17 PRE herbicides on seven weed species that are important competitors in container-grown ornamentals”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–147

e1
“Some treatments provided nearly total control of less than 1.0 seedling per container at each rating over two years”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 422–537

e2
“Those treatments were: common groundsel—diphenyl ethers, isoxaben, oxadiazon, oxyfluorfen + oryzalin, and oxyfluorfen + pendimethalin; prostrate spurge—pendimethalin, prodiamine, prodiamine-ABD, trifluralin, oxadiazon, isoxaben + oryzalin, and methazole + prodiamine; common chickweed—isoxaben and isoxaben + oryzalin; hairy bittercress—oxyfluorfen, pendimethalin, prodiamine, prodiamine-ABE, oxadiazon, oxyfluorfen + or…” Show full quote
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 539–1459

Title

Herbicide Efficacy for Production of Container Ornamentals

Lena B. Gallitano; Walter A. Skroch Weed Technology 1993. doi:10.1017/s0890037x00036952

Other claims from this paper (7)

Intervention effect Some PRE herbicides gave nearly total weed control in container-grown ornamentals over two years.
Intervention effect Diphenyl ethers, isoxaben, oxadiazon, oxyfluorfen + oryzalin and oxyfluorfen + pendimethalin gave nearly total control of common groundsel in container-grown ornamentals.
Intervention effect Isoxaben and isoxaben + oryzalin gave nearly total control of common chickweed in container-grown ornamentals.
Intervention effect Several PRE herbicides gave nearly total control of hairy bittercress in container-grown ornamentals.
Intervention effect Oxyfluorfen, prodiamine-ABD and methazole + prodiamine gave nearly total control of common ragweed in container-grown ornamentals.
Intervention effect Several PRE herbicides gave nearly total control of Virginia pepperweed in container-grown ornamentals.
Intervention effect Several PRE herbicides gave nearly total control of horseweed in container-grown ornamentals.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Shasho treated with Apron Star had the minimum area under disease progress curve of 147%-day, lower than untreated local chickpea.

Taxon: chickpeaCicer arietinume0
Material: Shashoe3
Treatment: Apron Stare3
Interactor: Fusarium oxysporum f.sp . cicerisFusarium oxysporume7pathogen
Outcome: area under disease progress curvee3
Direction: decreaseinferrede3
Value: 147%-daye3
Comparator: untreated local chickpeae2
Setting: Adet Agricultural Research Center in northwestern Ethiopiae7

Verbatim

e0
“Four varieties, namely, Shasho, Arerti, Marye, and local, two fungicides, namely, Apron Star and mancozeb, and untreated local chickpea were used as treatments”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 350–509

e2
“the maximum disease incidence and area under disease progress curve values 65.62% and 578.5%-day, respectively, were recorded from untreated local chickpea”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 910–1065

e3
“the minimum disease incidence and area under disease progress curve values 23.41% and 147%-day, respectively, were recorded from Shasho variety treated with Apron Star”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1073–1240

e7
“A 2-year experiment was conducted at wilt sick plot infested with natural occurring Fusarium oxysporum f.sp . ciceris at Adet Agricultural Research Center in northwestern Ethiopia”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–179

Title

Evaluation of Chickpea Varieties and Fungicides for the Management of Chickpea Fusarium Wilt Disease (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceris) at Adet Sick Plot in Northwest Ethiopia

Yigrem Mengist; Samuel Sahile; Assefa Sintayehu; et al. International Journal of Agronomy 2018. doi:10.1155/2018/6015205

Other claims from this paper (10)

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Microorganism solution for 15 and 48 hours shortened Lespedeza cyrtobotrya germination period.

Taxon: Lespedeza cyrtobotryaLespedeza cyrtobotryae0
Treatment: microorganism solution for 15 and 48 hourse0
Outcome: Germination periode0
Direction: decreasede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“However, submerging treatments in a nutrient medium or distilled water for 24 to 48 hours were proven effective with higher germination rates than control sample with no treatment. Herbs and plants widely used for the ecological restoration were selected for germination rate analysis under treatment of microorganisms to determine ideal treatment conditions and medium for enhanced germination rate. Albizzia julibrissi…” Show full quote
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1166–2693

Title

The Increase of Seeds Germination in Albizzia julibrissin, Lespedeza cyrtobotrya and Lespedeza cuneata by Microbial Treatment

Go-Woon Cha; Young-Jin Hur; Tae‐Young Ahn Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology 2008

Other claims from this paper (9)

Intervention effect Nutrient-medium soaking shortened the germination period of Albizzia julibrissin.
Intervention effect Distilled-water soaking shortened the germination period of Albizzia julibrissin.
Intervention effect JM-2 culture solution for 24 hours yielded 90% Albizzia julibrissin germination in two days.
Intervention effect Microorganism solution for 15 and 48 hours did not increase Lespedeza cyrtobotrya germination rates.
Intervention effect A 24-hour solution treatment increased Lespedeza cyrtobotrya germination rate.
Intervention effect A 24-hour solution treatment enhanced Lespedeza cyrtobotrya germination period.
Intervention effect Microorganism-treated Lespedeza cuneata seeds germinated less than untreated controls.
Intervention effect Nutrient-medium soaking for 24 to 48 hours increased Lespedeza cuneata germination relative to untreated control.
Intervention effect Distilled-water soaking for 24 to 48 hours increased Lespedeza cuneata germination relative to untreated control.

Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Relative growth rate increased only in the first days of exponential growth.

Taxon: lettuceLactuca sativae2
Outcome: Relative growth rate (RGR)e0
Direction: stimulatede0
Qualifier: only during the first several days of exponential growthe0

Verbatim

e0
“Relative growth rate (RGR) was stimulated only during the first several days of exponential growth.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 242–341

e1
“Relative growth rate (RGR) was stimulated only during the first several days of exponential growth.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 242–341

t0
“Effects of CO2and Photosynthetic Photon Flux on Yield, Gas Exchange and Growth Rate ofLactuca SativaL. ‘Waldmann’s Green”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–120

e2
“Enrichment of CO2 to 46 mmol m-3 (1000 mm3 dm-3) at a moderate photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) of 450 micromoles m-2 s-1 stimulated fresh and dry weight gain of lettuce leaves 39% to 75% relative to plants at 16 mmol m-3 CO2 (350 mm3 dm-3).”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–241

e3
“high PPF of 880-900 micromoles m-2 s-1 gave further, substantial increases in growth, RGR, net assimilation rate (NAR) and photosynthetic rate (Pn), but a decrease in leaf area ratio (LAR), at 46 or 69 mmol m-3 (1000 or 1500 mm3 dm-3) CO2”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 423–661

e4
“Enrichment of CO2 to a supraoptimal level of 92 mmol m-3 (2000 mm3 dm-3) at high PPF increased leaf area and LAR”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 718–830

Title

Effects of CO₂and Photosynthetic Photon Flux on Yield, Gas Exchange and Growth Rate ofLactuca SativaL. ‘Waldmann’s Green'

SHARON L. KNIGHT; CARY A. MITCHELL Journal of Experimental Botany 1988. doi:10.1093/jxb/39.3.317

Other claims from this paper (9)

Intervention effect CO2 enrichment increased lettuce leaf fresh weight gain by 39–75% at moderate PPF.
Intervention effect CO2 enrichment increased lettuce leaf dry weight gain by 39–75% at moderate PPF.
Intervention effect CO2 above 46 mmol m−3 gave no further growth benefit at moderate PPF.
Intervention effect High PPF increased growth, RGR and NAR at 46 or 69 mmol m−3 CO2.
Intervention effect High PPF increased photosynthetic rate at enriched CO2.
Intervention effect High PPF decreased leaf area ratio.
Intervention effect At high PPF, supraoptimal CO2 increased leaf area and LAR.
Intervention effect Supraoptimal CO2 decreased specific leaf weight, NAR and Pn.
Intervention effect Supraoptimal CO2 had no effect on organ dry weights or RGR compared with 69 mmol m−3 CO2.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Nutrient-medium soaking for 24 to 48 hours increased Lespedeza cuneata germination relative to untreated control.

Taxon: Lespedeza cuneataLespedeza cuneatat0
Treatment: a nutrient mediume0
Outcome: germination ratese0
Direction: highere0
Qualifier: 24 to 48 hourse0
Comparator: control sample with no treatmente0

Verbatim

e0
“However, submerging treatments in a nutrient medium or distilled water for 24 to 48 hours were proven effective with higher germination rates than control sample with no treatment. Herbs and plants widely used for the ecological restoration were selected for germination rate analysis under treatment of microorganisms to determine ideal treatment conditions and medium for enhanced germination rate. Albizzia julibrissi…” Show full quote
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1166–2693

t0
“Lespedeza cuneata”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 85–102

Title

The Increase of Seeds Germination in Albizzia julibrissin, Lespedeza cyrtobotrya and Lespedeza cuneata by Microbial Treatment

Go-Woon Cha; Young-Jin Hur; Tae‐Young Ahn Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology 2008

Other claims from this paper (9)

Intervention effect Nutrient-medium soaking shortened the germination period of Albizzia julibrissin.
Intervention effect Distilled-water soaking shortened the germination period of Albizzia julibrissin.
Intervention effect JM-2 culture solution for 24 hours yielded 90% Albizzia julibrissin germination in two days.
Intervention effect Microorganism solution for 15 and 48 hours shortened Lespedeza cyrtobotrya germination period.
Intervention effect Microorganism solution for 15 and 48 hours did not increase Lespedeza cyrtobotrya germination rates.
Intervention effect A 24-hour solution treatment increased Lespedeza cyrtobotrya germination rate.
Intervention effect A 24-hour solution treatment enhanced Lespedeza cyrtobotrya germination period.
Intervention effect Microorganism-treated Lespedeza cuneata seeds germinated less than untreated controls.
Intervention effect Distilled-water soaking for 24 to 48 hours increased Lespedeza cuneata germination relative to untreated control.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Tip heated apical kernels had higher ADP-Glc starch synthase activity.

Taxon: maize (Zea mays L.)Zea mayse0
Treatment: tip-heated earse4
Gene: ADP-Glc starch synthasee1
Outcome: ADP-Glc starch synthase activitye1
Direction: highere1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“maize (Zea mays L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 18–37

e1
“higher ADP-Glc starch synthase activity”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 983–1022

e2
“Apical florets of maize (Zea mays L.) ears differentiate later than basal florets and form kernels which have lower dry matter accumulation rates.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–146

e3
“In controls, apical-kernel endosperm had 24% smaller dry weight at maturity, lower concentration of sucrose, and lower activity of ADP-Glc starch synthase than basal-kernel endosperm, whereas ADP-Glc-pyrophosphorylase (ADPG-PPase) activities were similar.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 562–817

e4
“In tip-heated ears apical-kernel endosperm had the same growth rate and final weight as basal-kernel endosperm and apical kernels had higher sucrose concentrations, higher ADP-Glc starch synthase activity, and similar ADPG-PPase activity.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 818–1056

e5
“Total grain weight per ear was not increased by tip-heating because the increase in size of apical kernels was partially offset by a slight decrease in size of the basal- and middle-position kernels.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1057–1256

Title

Official Documents- Supplemental Letter ref. Representations, TF010748 and TF015111 (Closing Package)

Zoe Kolovou PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013. doi:10.1104/pp.79.3.852

Other claims from this paper (18)

Observation Apical maize florets differentiate later than basal florets.
Observation Apical maize kernels have lower dry matter accumulation rates than basal kernels.
Observation In unheated ears, apical kernel endosperm had 24% smaller mature dry weight than basal kernel endosperm.
Observation In unheated ears, apical kernel endosperm had lower sucrose concentration than basal kernel endosperm.
Observation In unheated ears, apical kernel endosperm had lower ADP-Glc starch synthase activity than basal kernel endosperm.
Observation In unheated ears, apical and basal kernel endosperm had similar ADPG-PPase activities.
Intervention effect With tip heating, apical kernel endosperm had the same growth rate and final weight as basal kernel endosperm.
Intervention effect Tip heated apical kernels had higher sucrose concentrations.
Intervention effect Tip heated apical kernels had similar ADPG-PPase activity.
Intervention effect Tip heating did not increase total grain weight per ear.
Intervention effect Tip heating increased the size of apical kernels.
Intervention effect Tip heating slightly decreased the size of basal and middle position kernels.
Intervention effect Tip heating hastened some developmental events in apical kernels.
Intervention effect ADPG-PPase activity reached peak levels earlier in tip heated apical kernels.
Intervention effect ADP-Glc starch synthase activity reached peak levels earlier in tip heated apical kernels.
Intervention effect Starch concentration began rising earlier in tip heated apical kernels.
Intervention effect Tip heating did not shorten the period of starch accumulation in apical kernels.
Mechanism The authors conclude that pre-pollination floret development alone does not determine the slower growth and smaller size of apical kernels.

“decrease in A”

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