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“decrease in relative water content”

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Taxon: maize ✕

Taxon groups are the verbatim names found in the abstracts (case-insensitive), not normalised: maize, corn and Zea mays are separate groups here. The Organism view merges them through NCBI Taxonomy.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Salt stress decreased maize leaf relative water content, photosynthetic characteristics and catalase activity.

Taxon: maizeZea mayst0
Treatment: salt stress treatmentse0
Outcome: leaf relative water content, photosynthetic characteristics, and catalase activitye0
Direction: decreasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“the leaf relative water content, photosynthetic characteristics, and catalase activity exhibited a significantly decrease of salt stress treatments”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 385–532

t0
“Maize”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–5

Title

Maize (Zea mays L.) responses to salt stress in terms of root anatomy, respiration and antioxidative enzyme activity

Dandan Hu; Rongfa Li; Shuting Dong; et al. BMC Plant Biology 2022. doi:10.1186/s12870-022-03972-4

Other claims from this paper (10)

Intervention effect Salt stress raised superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities and malondialdehyde content.
Intervention effect Salt stress raised Na+ uptake and translocation relative to controls.
Observation Salt injury was more pronounced in YY7 than JNY658.
Intervention effect Salt stress increased root cortical aerenchyma number in JNY658.
Observation Under salt stress, JNY658 had larger cortical cells and fewer root cortical cell files.
Intervention effect Salt stress lowered total respiration rates in both maize varieties.
Intervention effect Salt stress raised alternate oxidative respiration rates in both varieties.
Intervention effect Salt stress raised root net Na+ and K+ efflux rates in both maize varieties.
Mechanism The authors infer that increased ion efflux reduced root Na+ toxicity and maintained ion balance.
Observation The authors report decreased root-surface Na+ uptake, constrained translocation and reduced leaf Na+ accumulation under salt stress.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Exogenous Spd inhibited the fall in leaf relative water content.

Taxon: MaizeZea mayst0
Treatment: Exogenous Spd treatmente0
Outcome: leaf relative water contente0
Direction: inhibited the decreasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Exogenous Spd treatment not only obviously inhibited the decrease of leaf relative water content”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 670–766

t0
“Effects of Polyamine on Leaf Physiological and Biochemical Indexes of Maize Seedlings under Osmotic Stress”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–106

Title

Effects of Polyamine on Leaf Physiological and Biochemical Indexes of Maize Seedlings under Osmotic Stress

LI Chao-hai 农业科学与技术(英文版) 2010

Other claims from this paper (4)

Association After seven days, leaf relative water content declined more in Yedan 13 than Nongda 108.
Association After seven days, soluble protein declined more in Yedan 13 than Nongda 108.
Intervention effect Exogenous Spd raised soluble protein content.
Mechanism The authors infer Spd improves osmotic stress tolerance through higher leaf soluble protein.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Deficit irrigation significantly reduced chlorophyll a, b and relative water content.

Taxon: maizeZea mayst0
Treatment: deficit irrigatione0
Outcome: chlorophyll a, b and relative water contente0
Direction: decreasee0
Comparator: normal irrigatione1

Verbatim

e0
“deficit irrigation caused a significant decrease in grain yield and other agronomic traits, physiological characteristics (chlorophyll a, b and relative water content)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 635–802

e1
“normal irrigation, 80% of maximum daily crop evapotranspiration”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 440–503

t0
“maize”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 90–95

Title

Growth analysis, agronomic and physiological characteristics of three hybrid varieties of maize under deficit irrigation conditions

Amir Abbas Rostami Ajirloo; Mohamad Reza Asgharipour; Ahmad Ganbari; et al. Journal of Plant Physiology and Breeding 2019. doi:10.22034/jppb.2019.10097

Other claims from this paper (13)

Intervention effect Deficit irrigation significantly reduced maize grain yield and agronomic traits.
Intervention effect Deficit irrigation significantly reduced leaf area index, crop growth rate and relative growth rate.
Intervention effect Water deficit increased leaf rolling percentage.
Intervention effect With stronger deficit, SC705 chlorophyll a, b and relative water content fell more than in SC703 and SC704.
Observation At severe stress, SC705 leaf rolling reached 60%.
Observation SC705 had the highest grain yield, 8.51 t/ha, under normal irrigation.
Observation SC705 had the highest biomass, 19.36 t/ha, under normal irrigation.
Observation SC705 had minimum grain yield and biomass at 50% ETc.
Intervention effect Increasing deficit from normal irrigation to 50% ETc significantly reduced SC705 leaf area index, plant growth rate and relative growth rate.
Intervention effect Increasing deficit from normal irrigation to 50% ETc significantly reduced SC705 net photosynthesis rate.
Recommendation The authors recommend preventing water deficit at critical maize growth stages.
Recommendation The authors advise planting SC705 when enough irrigation water is available.
Recommendation The authors consider SC704 suitable for water deficit, especially at 50% ETc.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Combined As+PEG stress decreased relative water content of maize seedlings by 35%.

Taxon: maizeZea mayse1
Treatment: combined As+PEG stresse2
Outcome: relative water content (RWC)e2
Direction: decreasee2
Value: 35 %e2

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e1
“the relative growth rate (RGR) of maize seedlings under As and drought stress was reduced by 38 % and 50 %, respectively”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 636–756

e2
“with a 35 % decrease in relative water content (RWC) under combined As+PEG stress”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 758–839

Title

An effective sustainable strategy: Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR), Bacillus atrophaeus, in maize plants against challenging environments

Melike Balci; Busra Arikan-Abdulveli; Evren Yildiztugay; et al. Journal of environmental chemical engineering 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jece.2025.116778

Other claims from this paper (12)

Intervention effect Arsenic stress reduced the relative growth rate of maize seedlings by 38%.
Intervention effect Drought stress reduced the relative growth rate of maize seedlings by 50%.
Intervention effect Drought and As stress decreased gas exchange parameters and maximum quantum yield of PSII in maize.
Intervention effect Bacterial inoculation increased photosynthetic performance of maize under stress.
Intervention effect H 2 O 2 content of maize seedlings increased by 65.8% under As+PEG conditions.
Observation H 2 O 2 accumulation in maize was visualized and confirmed by confocal microscopy.
Intervention effect Bacillus atrophaeus priming elevated SOD, CAT, APX and GPX activities in maize.
Mechanism Bacillus atrophaeus priming is asserted to maintain the cellular redox state of maize by inducing the AsA-GSH cycle.
Intervention effect B. atrophaeus inoculation increased the content of micro- and macro-nutrients such as Ca, K, Mg and Fe in maize.
Intervention effect B. atrophaeus significantly reduced arsenic uptake in the roots of maize.
Intervention effect Seed inoculation with B. atrophaeus reduced oxidative damage in maize.
Intervention effect Seed inoculation with B. atrophaeus increased antioxidant system activity in maize seedlings.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Brassinolide decreased MDA content by 24% relative to distilled water-sprayed plants.

Taxon: maizeZea mayst0
Treatment: foliar BRe1
Outcome: MDA contente2
Direction: decreasee2
Value: 24%e2
Comparator: distilled water-sprayed plantse5

Verbatim

t0
“Brassinolide Alleviates Maize Silk Growth Under Water Deficit”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–61

e1
“then applied foliar BR at concentrations”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 349–389

e5
“with distilled water-sprayed plants serving as controls”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 420–475

e2
“a 24% decrease in MDA content”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1039–1068

Title

Brassinolide Alleviates Maize Silk Growth Under Water Deficit by Reprogramming Sugar Metabolism and Enhancing Antioxidant Defense

Jinrong Xu; Zhicheng Cheng; Li Dai; et al. Plants 2026. doi:10.3390/plants15010139

Other claims from this paper (17)

Intervention effect Foliar brassinolide increased silk length by 2.9-fold compared with the stress control.
Intervention effect Brassinolide partially restored silk elongation under water-deficit stress at 0.1 and 0.5.
Intervention effect The highest brassinolide concentration suppressed silk elongation under water-deficit stress.
Intervention effect Brassinolide elevated POD activity by 31–77% relative to distilled water-sprayed plants.
Intervention effect Brassinolide elevated SOD activity by 12–46% relative to distilled water-sprayed plants.
Intervention effect Brassinolide elevated CAT activity by 20–33% relative to distilled water-sprayed plants.
Intervention effect Brassinolide raised proline by 25–76% relative to distilled water-sprayed plants.
Intervention effect Brassinolide reduced O2− and H2O2 levels by 36–67% relative to distilled water-sprayed plants.
Intervention effect Brassinolide reduced sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) activity.
Intervention effect Brassinolide increased sucrose synthase (SS-I) and vacuolar invertase (VIN) activities.
Mechanism Brassinolide may shift carbon partitioning from sucrose toward hexoses.
Observation Genome-wide RNA-seq identified 6171 upregulated genes.
Observation Genome-wide RNA-seq identified 3295 downregulated genes.
Observation Gene expression was significantly enriched in 20 pathways, including starch/sucrose metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis.
Intervention effect Brassinolide upregulated sucrose invertase (INV) expression by 2.4- to 8.7-fold compared with the distilled water-sprayed control.
Intervention effect Brassinolide upregulated hexokinase (HK) expression by 2.3- to 4.0-fold compared with the distilled water-sprayed control.
Mechanism Brassinolide mitigates drought-induced silk growth arrest by orchestrating antioxidant defense, osmotic regulation and metabolic reprogramming.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Reducing ZmHSF10 expression in maize (VIGS-silenced) decreased chlorophyll content, cell membrane stability and relative water content in leaves under high temperature stress.

Taxon: maizeZea mayse0
Organ / stage: leavese0
Treatment: Reducing the expression level of ZmHSF10e0
Gene: ZmHSF10e0
Outcome: chlorophyll content, poor cell membrane stability, and lower relative water contente0
Direction: decreasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Reducing the expression level of ZmHSF10 leads to a decrease in chlorophyll content, poor cell membrane stability, and lower relative water content in maize leaves under high temperature stress”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1184–1377

Title

Heat stress response factor ZmHSF10 positively regulates heat tolerance in maize

Liru Cao; Guo Li; Dongling Zhang; et al. BMC Plant Biology 2025. doi:10.1186/s12870-025-07400-1

Other claims from this paper (5)

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Salt stress significantly decreased relative water content.

Taxon: maizeZea mayst0
Treatment: Salt stresse2
Outcome: relative water contente2
Direction: decreasee2

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e2
“Salt stress led to a significant decrease in the relative water content, shoot and root length, fresh and dry weight as well as leaf area and K + content but increase Na + content”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 493–672

t0
“Comparative morphological, physiological, and biochemical traits in sensitive and tolerant maize genotypes in response to salinity and pb stress”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–144

Title

Comparative morphological, physiological, and biochemical traits in sensitive and tolerant maize genotypes in response to salinity and pb stress

Elnaz Zamani; Bahlanes Bakhtari; Hooman Razi; et al. Scientific Reports 2024. doi:10.1038/s41598-024-82173-5

Other claims from this paper (14)

Intervention effect NaCl or Pb treatment of the sensitive genotype significantly reduced root length and plant height.
Intervention effect NaCl or Pb treatment of the sensitive genotype significantly reduced total fresh and dry weights.
Intervention effect NaCl or Pb treatment of the sensitive genotype significantly reduced chlorophyll and carotenoid content.
Intervention effect Salt stress significantly decreased shoot and root length.
Intervention effect Salt stress significantly decreased fresh and dry weight and leaf area.
Intervention effect Salt stress significantly decreased K+ content.
Intervention effect Salt stress increased Na+ content.
Intervention effect NaCl and Pb stresses increased antioxidant enzyme activity.
Intervention effect NaCl and Pb stresses increased proline content.
Intervention effect NaCl and Pb stresses increased malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide levels.
Observation Principal component analysis explained 69.8% and 16.5% of the total variation among the variables studied.
Association Hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, peroxidase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase levels were positively correlated with Na+ content.
Association K+, chlorophyll content and relative water content were negatively correlated with growth traits in maize.
Intervention effect The salt-tolerant maize genotype is more suitable for adapting to Pb stress than the salt-sensitive genotype.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Drought decreased maize photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll, relative water content, height and yield.

Taxon: MaizeZea mayse0
Treatment: droughte0
Outcome: net photosynthesis rate, leaf stomatal conductance, chlorophyll (Chl.) a+b, relative water content (RWC), plant height, and grain yielde0
Direction: decreasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“drought caused a significant decrease in net photosynthesis rate, leaf stomatal conductance, chlorophyll (Chl.) a+b, relative water content (RWC), plant height, and grain yield of Maize”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 938–1123

Title

Super Absorbent Polymers and Soil Texture Affects on Zea mays L. Physiological Response, under Drought Stress Condition

Moeini, Alireza; Neshat, Ali; Yazdanpanah, Najme; et al. Open MIND 2025. doi:10.57647/jcns.2025.1101.04

Other claims from this paper (10)

Intervention effect Increasing drought elevated CAT, SOD, APX, REC and proline.
Intervention effect Moderate drought increased WUE by 5.8% relative to control.
Intervention effect Severe drought increased WUE by 11.7% relative to control.
Observation Clay-loam soil produced the maximum grain yield of 491.8 g.
Intervention effect SAP under drought enhanced gas exchange, chlorophyll, water content, height and grain yield.
Intervention effect SAP under drought decreased REC, proline, CAT, SOD and APX activity.
Observation The 80 kg.ha-1 SAP rate gave the highest photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and chlorophyll, and 10 kg.ha-1 gave the lowest.
Intervention effect SAP at 40 and 80 kg.ha-1 increased leaf relative water content.
Intervention effect SAP at 10 and 20 kg.ha-1 had no significant effect on leaf relative water content versus control.
Recommendation The authors recommend 80 kg.ha-1 SAP for drought in sandy and clay-loam soils.

Associationobservedoriginal resultnegativenot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Leaf relative water content decreased with salt, but the decline was not significant.

Taxon: maizeZea mayst0
Treatment: increasing salte0
Outcome: Leaf relative water contente0
Direction: decreasede0

Verbatim

e0
“Leaf relative water content decreased with increasing salt, but this decrease was not significant.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 859–957

t0
“maize”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 103–108

Title

Effect of exogenous application of salicylic acid on the growth, photosynthesis and proline content on maize in salt stress

D. Molazem; Ali Bashirzadeh; Maryam Fathollahzadeh Ardabili 2014

Other claims from this paper (12)

Intervention effect Salinity levels significantly differed for height, chlorophyll a, leaf area index and proline.
Intervention effect Salicylic acid significantly affected chlorophyll a.
Intervention effect Salicylic acid effects on other measured traits were not significant.
Association Plant height declined significantly as soil salt increased.
Intervention effect Minimum height at the third salinity level was 111 cm, without significant difference from 50 mM.
Intervention effect Salinity levels 50 and 100 mM did not significantly differ.
Intervention effect Chlorophyll a was lowest at 100 mM salinity, at 0.2001 mg per g fresh leaf weight.
Association Leaf area decreased with increasing salinity.
Observation Proline was highest in normal conditions at 1.351 mmol per g fresh leaf weight.
Association Chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b correlated positively and significantly.
Association Chlorophyll a and proline had a nonsignificant negative correlation.
Association Leaf area index correlated positively with water content, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b.

Associationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Reduced relative water content was accompanied by increased stomatal resistance and leaf temperature.

Taxon: maizeZea mayst0
Organ / stage: leafe0
Outcome: stomatal resistance and leaf temperaturee0
Direction: increasee0
Qualifier: decrease in RWCe0

Verbatim

e0
“The decrease in RWC was accompanied by an increase in stomatal resistance and leaf temperature”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1873–1967

t0
“maize”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 58–63

Title

Salicylic acid improved lead and zinc stress tolerance in maize by enhancement of growth and physiological characters

Farid Shekari; Hamze Mirzaie; Mohammad Amir Delavar; et al. Plant Growth Regulation 2025. doi:10.1007/s10725-025-01346-y

Other claims from this paper (15)

Observation Under unstressed conditions, maize photosynthesis increased from early growth to tasseling.
Intervention effect Under metal stress, maize photosynthesis decreased over time.
Intervention effect Combined metals caused a more pronounced decline in maize photosynthesis than individual metals.
Intervention effect Salicylic acid mitigated the effects of heavy metal stress on maize.
Intervention effect Seed priming was more effective than foliar spraying in maize early growth.
Intervention effect Seed priming and foliar spraying did not differ significantly at tasseling.
Intervention effect Hydropriming showed no advantage over control.
Intervention effect Distilled water spraying showed no advantage over control.
Intervention effect Heavy metal stress reduced leaf area, stomatal size, vascular bundle and mesophyll diameter, and biomass.
Intervention effect Heavy metal stress increased stomatal frequency and leaf thickness.
Intervention effect Stress decreased maize relative water content.
Intervention effect Salicylic acid alleviated maize relative water content damage under stress.
Intervention effect High-concentration salicylic acid increased maize biomass.
Intervention effect Salicylic acid increased pigment content, photosynthetic rate and leaf area expansion.
Intervention effect Salicylic acid reduced leaf thickness.

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“decrease in relative water content”

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