Search claims · PlantClaims

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

BAF values for Cr and Pb were below 1 regardless of contamination level.

Taxon: Begonia cucullataBegonia cucullatae0
Outcome: BAF valuese2
Value: < 1e2
Qualifier: regardless of contamination levelse2

Verbatim

e0
“Bedding begonias (Begonia cucullata Hort.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–42

e2
“BAF values < 1 for both Cr and Pb were detected regardless of contamination levels”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 791–873

Title

The potential value of bedding begonia in phytoextraction of chromium, lead and cadmium

Senad Murtić; Adnan Hadžić; Adisa Parić; et al. Journal of Ecological Engineering 2025. doi:10.12911/22998993/203256

Other claims from this paper (2)

Observationauthor interpretationoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Low BAF values indicate limited systematic metal transfer into plant tissues.

Taxon: Helichrysum arenariumHelichrysum arenariumt0
Outcome: systematic transfer to plant tissuese0
Direction: limitede0
Qualifier: absence of consistent high BAF valuese0

Verbatim

e0
“the absence of consistent high BAF values indicates limited systematic transfer to plant tissues.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 908–1005

t0
“Helichrysum arenarium”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 64–85

Title

Heavy metal distribution and soil–plant transfer dynamics using Helichrysum arenarium in Bitlis (Eastern Türkiye)

Durhan, Şeyma; Turp, Sinan Mehmet; Çoban, Hakan DergiPark (Istanbul University) 2026. doi:10.31015/jaefs.2026.1.16

Other claims from this paper (5)

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

BAF and TF values for Cd were greater than 1 at all contamination levels.

Taxon: Begonia cucullataBegonia cucullatae0
Outcome: BAF and TF values for Cde3
Value: greater than 1e3
Qualifier: at all contamination levelse3

Verbatim

e0
“Bedding begonias (Begonia cucullata Hort.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–42

e3
“BAF and TF values for Cd were greater than 1 at all contamination levels”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 992–1064

Title

The potential value of bedding begonia in phytoextraction of chromium, lead and cadmium

Senad Murtić; Adnan Hadžić; Adisa Parić; et al. Journal of Ecological Engineering 2025. doi:10.12911/22998993/203256

Other claims from this paper (2)

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Maize and barley had BAF below one.

Taxon: maize and barleyHordeum vulgare Zea mayse0
Outcome: BAF valuese0
Direction: lowe0
Value: <1e0

Verbatim

e0
“maize and barley maintained low BAF values (<1)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1101–1148

Title

Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in high Andean crops of the Peruvian Andes: comparative evaluation between irrigated and dry systems

Dennis Ccopi; Edilson Requena-Rojas; Kevin Ortega; et al. Journal of Agriculture and Food Research 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jafr.2025.102575

Other claims from this paper (6)

Observation Irrigated soils had higher and more homogeneous Cd, Pb and As concentrations.
Observation Foliar Cd, Pb and As exceeded Codex limits in several crops, especially potato and broad bean.
Observation Potato, quinoa and broad bean often had BAF greater than one.
Intervention effect Irrigation increased metal bioavailability and foliar concentration and BAF.
Association Crop type and water management differentiated metal accumulation profiles.
Recommendation The authors call for stronger crop monitoring and soil and water management.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Almost all BAF and TF values exceed 1, so Brassica juncea is a hyperaccumulator plant.

Taxon: Brassica juncea L.Brassica junceae6
Outcome: hyperaccumulator plante6
Qualifier: BAF and TF >1e6

Verbatim

e6
“Almost all the values of BAF and TF >1 that proved Brassica juncea L. was a hyperaccumulator plant”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1377–1475

Title

Phytoremediation potential of Brassica juncea L. grown in different Cd and Pb polluted sewage irrigated soils

Annals of Plant and Soil Research 2024. doi:10.47815/apsr.2024.10420

Other claims from this paper (9)

Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Rice BAF values exceeded unity under Bacillus subtilis treatment.

Taxon: riceOryza sativae1
Treatment: B. subtilis treatmentse0
Interactor: B. subtilisBacillus subtilise0symbiont
Outcome: Bioaccumulation Factor (BAF)e0
Direction: exceedede0
Value: unitye0

Verbatim

e0
“Bioconcentration Factor (BCF) and Bioaccumulation Factor (BAF) values exceeded unity under B. subtilis treatments”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 917–1030

e1
“rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 118–150

Title

Comparative assessment of phytoextraction and antioxidant responses in rice varieties under Cd and As stress mediated by Bacillus subtilis

J. Sujatha; R. Rajakumar International Journal of Biosciences (IJB) 2026. doi:10.12692/ijb/28.3.1-12

Other claims from this paper (11)

Intervention effect Heavy metal stress increased oxidative damage in rice.
Intervention effect Bacillus subtilis inoculation enhanced enzymatic antioxidant activities across rice varieties.
Intervention effect Bacillus subtilis inoculation enhanced non-enzymatic antioxidant activities across rice varieties.
Observation ADT 36 had the highest antioxidant enzyme activities, especially with B. subtilis and arsenic.
Observation Rice roots accumulated more metal than shoots.
Observation Metal accumulation peaked at 60 days.
Intervention effect Microbial inoculation increased root Cd concentration in all rice varieties.
Intervention effect Microbial inoculation increased root As concentration in all rice varieties.
Observation Rice BCF values exceeded unity under Bacillus subtilis treatment.
Observation Rice translocation factor remained below 1.0.
Observation Rice Level 2 mobility remained below 1.0.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

BAF values ranged between 2.18 and 7.14.

Taxon: Emilia fosbergii NicolsonEmilia fosbergiit0
Outcome: BAF valuese0
Value: between 2.18 and 7.14e0

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

t0
“Emilia fosbergii Nicolson”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–25

e0
“The results revealed BAF values between 2.18 and 7.14, TF values ranged between 0.15 and 0.52, and the BCF index varied between 8.97 and 26.58.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 782–925

Title

Emilia fosbergii Nicolson, a novel and effective accumulator for phytoremediation of mercury-contaminated soils

Evandro Alves de Oliveira; Larissa Cavalheiro da Silva; Ednaldo Antônio de Andrade; et al. International Journal of Phytoremediation 2023. doi:10.1080/15226514.2023.2288906

Other claims from this paper (10)

Observation Roots accumulated more Hg than other tissues.
Intervention effect Biomass production was not significantly affected by tested Hg concentrations.
Intervention effect Plant health was not significantly affected by tested Hg concentrations.
Observation TF values ranged between 0.15 and 0.52.
Observation BCF index ranged between 8.97 and 26.58.
Observation Hg at 5 mg kg−1 yielded 66 mg kg−1 in roots.
Observation Hg at 7 mg kg−1 yielded 65.53 mg kg−1 in roots.
Observation Hg at 5 mg kg−1 yielded 9.18 mg kg−1 in aerial.
Observation Hg at 7 mg kg−1 yielded 33.88 mg kg−1 in aerial.
Observation The authors classify E. fosbergii as a high Hg accumulator with phytoremediation potential.

Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Shoot BAF exceeded 1 for Cd, Cr, Ni and Zn.

Taxon: Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.Mesembryanthemum crystallinumt0
Organ / stage: shootse0
Outcome: BAF valuese1
Value: > 1.0e1

Verbatim

e0
“Cd, Cr, Ni, Zn (shoots)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2019–2042

e1
“maximum BAF values (> 1.0,)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1924–1951

t0
“common ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 63–114

Title

Phytoremediation of metal-contaminated bottom sediments by the common ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.) in Poland

Marta Śliwa-Cebula; Tomasz Koniarz; Magdalena Szara-Bąk; et al. Journal of Soils and Sediments 2022. doi:10.1007/s11368-022-03401-x

Other claims from this paper (17)

Observation Ice plant grew on toxic substrates and supported rhizosphere bacteria.
Observation Plant growth accumulated Na and other metals and partially removed them from sediment soils.
Observation Maximum Cd removal was 18.1%.
Observation Maximum Cu removal was 47.6%.
Observation Maximum Cr removal was 32.7%.
Observation Maximum Pb removal was 36.6%.
Observation Maximum Zn removal was 24.1%.
Observation Ice plant hyperaccumulated Zn and accumulated Cd, Cu, Cr, and Ni.
Observation Root BAF exceeded 1 for Cd, Cr, Ni and Cu.
Observation Na translocation factor reached 33.33.
Observation Cd translocation factor reached 1.47.
Observation Cu translocation factor reached 1.77.
Observation Cr translocation factor reached 7.85.
Observation Zn translocation factor reached 4.02.
Intervention effect Admixing materials decreased acute sediment toxicity.
Intervention effect Ice plant treatment increased toxicity levels.
Intervention effect Mixing sediments with soil and lime maintained class I no acute toxicity.

Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

P. vittata and P. ensiformis had BAF and TF values below one.

Taxon: P. vittata and P. ensiformisPteris vittataPteris ensiformise4
Outcome: BAF and TF valuese4
Value: less than onee4

Verbatim

e4
“P. vittata and P. ensiformis had BAF and TF values less than one which implies that they did not effectively accumulate Cd from the soil”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1035–1171

Title

Phytoextraction of cadmium by Pteris vittata L. and Pteris ensiformis burm. f. (ferns) grown on cadmium contaminated soil in Obafemi Awolowo Universirty, Ile-Ife

O.T. Oladele; R.A. Bamigboye; M.O. Isa; et al. Ife Journal of Science 2025. doi:10.4314/ijs.v27i1.20

Other claims from this paper (4)

Intervention effect Cd contamination significantly affected growth and biomass parameters of Pteris ensiformis and Pteris vittata.
Intervention effect Growth and biomass of P. vittata were less affected by Cd than those of P. ensiformis.
Association BAF and TF increased with increasing Cd concentrations in the plants.
Association P. vittata had higher BAF and TF than P. ensiformis.

Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Root BAF exceeded 1 for Cd, Cr, Ni and Cu.

Taxon: Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.Mesembryanthemum crystallinumt0
Organ / stage: rootse0
Outcome: BAF valuese0
Value: > 1.0e0

Verbatim

e0
“maximum BAF values (> 1.0,) were obtained for the following metals: Cd, Cr, Ni, Cu (roots)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1924–2014

t0
“common ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 63–114

Title

Phytoremediation of metal-contaminated bottom sediments by the common ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.) in Poland

Marta Śliwa-Cebula; Tomasz Koniarz; Magdalena Szara-Bąk; et al. Journal of Soils and Sediments 2022. doi:10.1007/s11368-022-03401-x

Other claims from this paper (17)

Observation Ice plant grew on toxic substrates and supported rhizosphere bacteria.
Observation Plant growth accumulated Na and other metals and partially removed them from sediment soils.
Observation Maximum Cd removal was 18.1%.
Observation Maximum Cu removal was 47.6%.
Observation Maximum Cr removal was 32.7%.
Observation Maximum Pb removal was 36.6%.
Observation Maximum Zn removal was 24.1%.
Observation Ice plant hyperaccumulated Zn and accumulated Cd, Cu, Cr, and Ni.
Observation Shoot BAF exceeded 1 for Cd, Cr, Ni and Zn.
Observation Na translocation factor reached 33.33.
Observation Cd translocation factor reached 1.47.
Observation Cu translocation factor reached 1.77.
Observation Cr translocation factor reached 7.85.
Observation Zn translocation factor reached 4.02.
Intervention effect Admixing materials decreased acute sediment toxicity.
Intervention effect Ice plant treatment increased toxicity levels.
Intervention effect Mixing sediments with soil and lime maintained class I no acute toxicity.

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