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“bulk density”

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Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Soil bulk density decreased.

Outcome: soil bulk densitye0
Direction: decreasede0

Not reportedTaxonTreatmentComparator

Verbatim

e0
“soil bulk density decreased”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 666–693

Title

Effects of Soil Improvement Greening on Sea Reclamation Land in Caofeidian

Liu Tai-xiang Tianjin Agricultural Sciences 2010

Other claims from this paper (4)

Intervention effect Soil salt content declined from 13.07 g/kg to 1.55～1.67 g/kg after two months.
Intervention effect Groundwater mineralization declined from 20 g/L to 10 g/L.
Intervention effect Soil organic matter and inorganic nutrients increased significantly.
Observation Greening survival reached 98%.

Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Bulk density had a quadratic relation to planting density.

Taxon: MaizeZea mayst0
Treatment: densitye0
Outcome: bulk densitye0

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e0
“a quadratic parabola relationship between bulk density and density”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 475–541

t0
“Maize”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 21–26

Title

Effect of Density on Maize Yield and Commercial Quality in Semi-arid Area

Yuping He Yumi kexue 2008

Other claims from this paper (7)

Observation Optimal density for Zhengdan958 was 65 000 to 75 000 plants/ha.
Observation Optimal density for Xianyu335 was 65 000 to 75 000 plants/ha.
Association 100-kernel weight declined as planting density rose.
Observation Bulk density of Zhengdan958 and Jidan137 peaked at 50 000 plants/ha.
Observation Bulk density of Xianyu335 and Jidan257 peaked at 57 500 plants/ ha.
Association Test weight was negatively correlated with density.
Association Ear leaf chlorophyll content decreased significantly with density.

Associationobservedoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Increasing moisture decreases density and bulk density in milled rice.

Taxon: riceOryza sativae0
Organ / stage: milled ricee0
Outcome: density and bulk densitye0
Direction: decreasee0
Qualifier: increasing moisturee0

Verbatim

e0
“With increasing moisture, density and bulk density decrease in milled rice”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 664–738

Title

Physical properties of rice.

K. R. Bhattacharya 2011

Other claims from this paper (8)

Observation Rice physical properties differ with variety, moisture content and degree of milling.
Recommendation Surface area per unit weight or normalised grain weight best classify rice grain dimensions.
Observation Density of milled rice varieties is about 1.45 g/ml.
Observation Density of paddy varies from 1.16 to 1.24 g/ml.
Association More slender rice grain has more porosity and less bulk density.
Association Increasing moisture increases density and bulk density in paddy.
Association Rice grain coefficient of friction increases with moisture.
Mechanism Excessive grain width above 2.35 mm causes rice white belly.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

bulk density (0.74)

Taxon: Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum)Fagopyrum esculentume0
Outcome: bulk densitye1
Value: 0.74e1

Not reportedMaterial

Verbatim

e0
“Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–32

e1
“bulk density (0.74)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 999–1018

Title

Physical and Functional Properties of Buckwheat

R. Latha Rani; Uma N. Kulkarni International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 2020. doi:10.20546/ijcmas.2020.904.108

Other claims from this paper (11)

Observation PRB-1 variety had highest 100 kernel weight (1.97 g/100 g)
Observation volume (2.66 g/100 g)
Observation Nelagiri variety had highest grain length (4.02 mm)
Observation length/width ratio (1.53)
Observation The width was same for both the varieties (2.89 mm)
Observation Hydration capacity (1.22 g/100 g)
Observation Hydration index (0.79)
Observation Swelling capacity (0.37 ml/100 g)
Observation swelling index (0.94)
Observation Water absorption capacity was found to be highest in buckwheat (2.23 ml/g)
Observation highest oil absorption capacity was observed in bread wheat (2.20 ml/g)

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Fruit bulk density was relatively lower than corresponding kernel bulk density.

Taxon: African Date Palmt0
Outcome: Bulk densitye0
Direction: relatively lowere0
Comparator: corresponding kernelse0

Verbatim

e0
“Bulk density of the fruits of the cultivars was found to be relatively lower than that of their corresponding kernels”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1148–1265

t0
“African Date Palm”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 36–53

Title

Some Engineering Properties of Four African Date Palm Fruit Cultivars

Ndubisi A. Aviara; Abubakar A. Lawal; Lawrence A.O. Ogunjimi; et al. Research Journal of Applied Sciences Engineering and Technology 2014. doi:10.19026/rjaset.7.265

Other claims from this paper (13)

Observation Fruit and kernel lengths differed across four African date cultivars.
Observation Fruit and kernel widths varied among the cultivars.
Observation Fruit and kernel roundness varied among the four cultivars.
Observation Fruit and kernel sphericity varied among the four cultivars.
Observation Fruit true density was below water density.
Observation Kernel true density was above water density.
Observation Fruit porosity varied among the four cultivars.
Observation Kernel porosity varied among the four cultivars.
Observation Fruit and kernel angle of repose varied by cultivar.
Observation Fruit and kernel crushing strength varied by cultivar.
Observation Static coefficient of friction varied with structural surface.
Observation Specific heat varied by cultivar.
Observation Kernel specific heat exceeded fruit specific heat.

Associationobservedoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Increasing moisture increases density and bulk density in paddy.

Taxon: riceOryza sativat0
Organ / stage: paddye0
Outcome: density and bulk densitye0
Direction: increasee0
Qualifier: paddye0

Verbatim

t0
“rice”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 23–27

e0
“With increasing moisture, density and bulk density decrease in milled rice but increase in paddy”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 664–760

Title

Physical properties of rice.

K. R. Bhattacharya 2011

Other claims from this paper (8)

Observation Rice physical properties differ with variety, moisture content and degree of milling.
Recommendation Surface area per unit weight or normalised grain weight best classify rice grain dimensions.
Observation Density of milled rice varieties is about 1.45 g/ml.
Observation Density of paddy varies from 1.16 to 1.24 g/ml.
Association More slender rice grain has more porosity and less bulk density.
Association Increasing moisture decreases density and bulk density in milled rice.
Association Rice grain coefficient of friction increases with moisture.
Mechanism Excessive grain width above 2.35 mm causes rice white belly.

Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Increasing moisture increased paddy density and bulk density.

Taxon: paddye0
Outcome: density and bulk densitye0
Direction: increasede0
Setting: moisture contente0

Verbatim

e0
“In paddy, with increasing moisture content, density and bulk density increased”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1192–1270

Title

Some physical properties of paddy and rice and their interrelations

K. R. Bhattacharya; C. M. Sowbhagya; Y. M. Indudhara Swamy Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 1972. doi:10.1002/jsfa.2740230204

Other claims from this paper (19)

Association Grain breadth and thickness were correlated.
Association Milled rice dimensions were related to paddy dimensions.
Observation Rice density was nearly constant at 1.452 g/ml.
Observation Paddy density was around 1.182 g/ml in round varieties.
Observation Paddy density was around 1.224 g/ml in other varieties.
Observation Rice bulk density ranged from 0.777 to 0.847.
Observation Paddy bulk density ranged from 0.563 to 0.642 g/ml.
Observation Rice porosity was 41–46%.
Observation Paddy porosity was 46–54%.
Association Rounder grain had higher bulk density and lower porosity.
Observation Rice angle of repose averaged 37.5°.
Observation Paddy angle of repose averaged 36.5°.
Association Increasing moisture decreased rice density.
Association Increasing moisture decreased rice bulk density twice as fast.
Association Increasing moisture increased rice porosity.
Association Increasing moisture moderately raised paddy angle of repose.
Association Increasing moisture left paddy porosity nearly constant.
Intervention effect Milling slightly increased rice density.
Intervention effect Progressive milling first decreased then increased bulk density.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Reclaimed plots had higher bulk density.

Outcome: Bulk densitye0
Direction: highere0

Not reportedTaxon

Verbatim

e0
“Bulk density was higher on reclaimed plots”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2076–2118

Title

An Evaluation of Reclamation Success on Idaho's Phosphate Mines

Jeanne C. Chambers; Ray W. Brown; Bryan D. Williams Restoration Ecology 1994. doi:10.1111/j.1526-100x.1994.tb00037.x

Other claims from this paper (12)

Intervention effect After four years, total biomass did not differ across soil or seeding treatments.
Observation Seeded perennial grasses dominated most treatments.
Intervention effect After fourteen years, biomass and cover did not differ between spoil and topsoil plots.
Intervention effect On spoil plots, seed and mulch raised total biomass over control or seed alone.
Intervention effect On spoil plots, seed and mulch raised vegetation cover over control or seed alone.
Observation Medicago sativa codominated with seeded forage grasses across treatments.
Mechanism Authors attributed early forage grass dominance to initial fertilization.
Association The legume increased as nutrient levels declined.
Observation Reclaimed and native vegetation had low similarity.
Observation Reclaimed treatments had higher biomass than the reference area.
Observation Reclaimed treatments had lower species richness.
Observation Reclaimed areas had lower soil organic carbon, nitrogen, and available moisture than reference areas, except seed and mulch spoil plots.

Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Bulk density changed differently among varieties as planting density increased.

Taxon: MaizeZea mayst0
Material: varietiese0
Treatment: planting densitye0
Outcome: bulk densitye0

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e0
“with the increase of planting density bulk density changed differently according to varieties”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 256–349

t0
“Maize”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 55–60

Title

Effect of Planting Density on the Commodity Quality of Maize

Jiao Ren-hai Jilin Agricultural Sciences 2013

Other claims from this paper (4)

Intervention effect Maize seed bulk density at 30000 plants/ha was lower than at higher densities.
Association Grain volume declined as density increased, with variety-dependent changes.
Association Grain plumpness decreased as planting density increased in Jidan 79.
Association Grain plumpness tended to increase with planting density in Jidan 27.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Organic fertilizer reduced soil bulk density.

Taxon: MaizeZea mayst0
Treatment: organic fertilizere0
Outcome: soil bulk densitye0
Direction: reducede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“organic fertilizer significantly reduced the soil bulk density”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1813–1875

t0
“Maize”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 53–58

Title

Effects of Bulk Density on Root Growth of High Yield Maize and Their Regulation

XU Long-chao Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica 2012

Other claims from this paper (12)

Association Maize root growth indexes declined as bulk density increased.
Intervention effect Root growth parameters differed when density changed from 1.2 to 1.3 g/cm3.
Association Above 1.3 g/cm3 density had no obvious influence on root growth.
Association Root activity decreased as density rose above 1.3 g/cm3.
Intervention effect Organic fertilizer was more effective at high soil density.
Intervention effect Organic fertilizer at 4% and 5% had no obvious treatment effect.
Intervention effect Organic fertilizer increased soil porosity, water capacity and air porosity.
Association Greater tillage thickness reduced plant height, stem diameter and total root length without a significant difference.
Association Greater tillage thickness reduced chlorophyll a without a significant difference.
Association Greater tillage thickness reduced maize yield without a significant difference.
Intervention effect Adjusting top-layer thickness from 30 to 40 cm did not change maize growth index.
Recommendation The authors recommend organic fertilizer and turn-over tillage for compact soil.

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