Search claims · PlantClaims

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Maize knobs contain 180-bp repeats, TR1 repeats, or both.

Taxon: maizeZea mayst0
Outcome: knobse0

Verbatim

e0
“knobs may be composed of either 180-bp or TR1, or both repeats”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1510–1572

t0
“maize”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 54–59

Title

Complex structure of knobs and centromeric regions in maize chromosomes.

E V Ananiev; R L Phillips; H W Rines PubMed 2000

Other claims from this paper (13)

Observation TR1 knob repeats can form fold-back DNA segments.
Observation CentC was identified as a centromeric tandem repeat family.
Observation Maize knob and centromeric repeat blocks are interrupted by other repeats.
Observation Inserted sequences are mainly full-size retrotransposable elements.
Observation Certain retrotransposable elements preferentially associate with knobs or centromeres.
Observation Retrotransposable elements preferentially integrate at hot spots of the 180-bp repeat.
Observation CentC, TR1 and 180-bp repeats occur on each tested maize chromosome.
Observation Repeat copy number varies significantly from about 100 to 25,000.
Observation Maize chromosomes vary in centromeric repeat size.
Observation Maize chromosomes vary in knob size and composition.
Observation Repeat elements also form micro clusters detectable only by in situ hybridization.
Mechanism Maize knobs may be considered megatransposable elements.
Mechanism Interspersed retrotransposable elements and tandem repeats may be a basic feature of eukaryotic heterochromatin organization.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Chromosomes had conspicuous heterochromatic knobs.

Taxon: husk tomatot0
Outcome: conspicuous heterochromatic knobse0

Verbatim

e0
“The chromosomes of this species are characterized by conspicuous heterochromatic knobs”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 336–422

t0
“Husk Tomato”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 41–52

Title

Overview of the Genetics and Breeding of Husk Tomato

Carlos F. Quiros HortScience 1984. doi:10.21273/hortsci.19.6.872

Other claims from this paper (6)

Observation Self pollination showed diverse incompatibility phenotypes.
Observation Self incompatibility appeared polygenic with low heritability.
Observation Organ coloration and leaf serration were polygenic.
Intervention effect Crosses with P. floridiana were unsuccessful.
Intervention effect Crosses with P. peruviana were unsuccessful.
Observation Cutting propagation was readily attainable.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Mapped maize knobs lie in gene-dense genomic regions.

Taxon: maizeZea mayse0
Outcome: knobs lie in gene-dense regionse0

Verbatim

e0
“The data show that knobs lie in gene-dense regions of the maize genome”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 615–685

Title

Maize chromosomal knobs are located in gene-dense areas and suppress local recombination

Rashin Ghaffari; Ethalinda K. S. Cannon; Lisa B. Kanizay; et al. Chromosoma 2012. doi:10.1007/s00412-012-0391-8

Other claims from this paper (3)

Observationauthor interpretationoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

One suppressed region likely contained condensed heterochromatin knobs.

Taxon: maizeZea mayst0
Outcome: condensed heterochromatin (knobs)e0
Qualifier: likelye0

Verbatim

t0
“maize”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 37–42

e0
“one of which likely contained condensed heterochromatin (knobs)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 832–895

Title

Recombination frequency variation in maize as revealed by genomewide single‐nucleotide polymorphisms

Mohammad Farkhari; Yanli Lu; Trushar Shah; et al. Plant Breeding 2011. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0523.2011.01866.x

Other claims from this paper (5)

Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

A. crispa knobs were larger than those of A. punctata.

Outcome: size of the knobse0
Direction: largere0

Not reportedTaxon

Verbatim

e0
“the size of the knobs of the former plant is larger”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 718–769

Title

Studies on the Leaf Nodules V The Formation of Knobs by the Effect of Antibiotics on theArdisia crispa andA. punctata

Tamotsu YAMADA Shokubutsugaku Zasshi 1955. doi:10.15281/jplantres1887.68.267

Other claims from this paper (8)

Intervention effect Antibiotics induced knobs and stopped growth in A. crispa seedlings.
Intervention effect Antibiotics induced knobs and stopped growth in A. punctata seedlings.
Intervention effect A. japonica did not form knobs after antibiotic or heat treatment.
Association Knob formation increased with antibiotic concentration and treatment duration.
Observation A. crispa had a higher knob-forming ratio than A. punctata under the same treatment.
Observation Knobs contained epidermis, cortex and central cylinder, with no meristem or leaf-nodule-bacteria detected.
Observation Knob structure resembled that after heat treatment.
Mechanism The authors proposed that a substance secreted by dying leaf-nodule bacteria induces knob formation and may contribute to leaf nodules.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Thirty-four Rafflesia knobs were found.

Taxon: RafflesiaRafflesiae0
Outcome: knobse0
Value: 34 knobse0

Verbatim

e0
“Found 34 knobs of Rafflesia with a mortality rate of 38.24% which is relatively low.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 994–1078

Title

Carrying capacity of environment to the life potential of Rafflesia (Rafflesia patma Blume) in Leuweung Sancang Nature Reserve Garut West Java

L Amalia; A S Nursifa; D I Putri; et al. IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering 2021. doi:10.1088/1757-899x/1098/6/062060

Other claims from this paper (10)

Observation Tree vegetation around Rafflesia was dominated by Ki Kopi.
Observation Sapling vegetation around Rafflesia was dominated by Ki Barera.
Observation Seedling vegetation around Rafflesia was dominated by Pereng.
Observation Vegetation species diversity was reported as 1.027.
Observation Vegetation species richness was moderate at 3.833.
Observation Vegetation species evenness was high at 1.585.
Observation Nine Tetrastigma host trees with average diameter 4-15 cm were found.
Observation Rafflesia grew on topsoil roots and stems.
Observation Rafflesia knob mortality was 38.24%, described as relatively low.
Observation Abiotic conditions were judged supportive of Rafflesia life.

Associationauthor interpretationoriginal resultsimulated

Claim · model-written summary

Simulations suggested knobs may be deleterious without Ab10.

Taxon: maizeZea mayst0
Gene: Ab10e0
Outcome: knobs might be deleteriouse0

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e0
“Simulations were used to illustrate the dynamics of this meiotic drive model and suggest knobs might be deleterious in the absence of Ab10.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 582–721

t0
“Maize”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 48–53

Title

Meiotic Drive of Chromosomal Knobs Reshaped the Maize Genome

Edward S Buckler; Tara L Phelps-Durr; Carlyn S Keith Buckler; et al. Genetics 1999. doi:10.1093/genetics/153.1.415

Other claims from this paper (6)

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Maize knobs exhibit a more structured HOR distribution than centromeres.

Taxon: maizeZea mayse0
Outcome: more structured HOR distributione0

Verbatim

e0
“maize knobs exhibit a more structured HOR distribution”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1258–1312

Title

Higher order repeat structures reflect diverging evolutionary paths in maize centromeres and knobs

Rebecca D. Piri; Mingyu Wang; M. Cinta Romay; et al. Genome biology 2026. doi:10.1186/s13059-026-03993-4

Other claims from this paper (9)

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Differentially stained regions corresponded to knobs.

Taxon: maizeZea mayst0
Outcome: differentially stained regions of C-banded mitotic chromosomes corresponded with knobse0

Verbatim

e0
“differentially stained regions of C-banded mitotic chromosomes corresponded with knobs”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 196–282

t0
“MAIZE”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 20–25

Title

BANDING PATTERNS IN MAIZE MITOTIC CHROMOSOMES

E. J. Ward Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology 1980. doi:10.1139/g80-009

Other claims from this paper (4)

Method / resource The triticale chromosome banding procedure was equally effective on maize root tip chromosomes.
Method / resource The method differentiated the large knob and prominent chromomeres of abnormal chromosome 10.
Method / resource The method differentiated centric heterochromatin of B chromosomes.
Method / resource The procedure did not differentiate the large distal heterochromatic portion of the B chromosome.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Northern Guatemalan teosintes Huixta and Monajil had terminal knobs.

Taxon: Teosintese0
Material: Huixta and Monajile0
Outcome: all their knobs terminally locatede0
Setting: northern Guatemalae0

Verbatim

e0
“Teosintes from northern Guatemala, Huixta and Monajil, have all their knobs terminally located”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 156–250

Title

CHROMOSOME POLYMORPHISM OF TEOSINTE

Y C Ting Genetics 1976. doi:10.1093/genetics/83.4.737

Other claims from this paper (5)

“knobs”

Claim types

Direction of the findings

Over time

Claim type

Research area

Polarity

Statistics