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“polygonal”

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Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Other species had polygonal fruit cells.

Taxon: PolygonaceaePolygonaceaet0
Outcome: polygonale0

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e0
“polygonal in other species”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 504–530

e1
“The cells are isodiametric”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 384–410

t0
“Polygonaceae”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 59–71

Title

Scanning electron microscopy of fruits in the West African Polygonaceae

Abiodun Emmanuel AYODELE; Zhe-Kun ZHOU Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2010. doi:10.1111/j.1759-6831.2010.00093.x

Other claims from this paper (10)

Observation Achenes had seven reported shapes.
Observation Polygonum plebeium fruit measured 0.12 × 0.10 cm2.
Observation Afrobrunnichia erecta fruit measured 7.87 × 0.58 cm2.
Observation Fruit colors ranged from brown to black.
Observation P. plebeium had isodiametric fruit cells.
Observation A. erecta, Antigonon leptopus, and Harpagocarpus snowdenii had irregular cells.
Observation Cell walls varied in shape and relief.
Observation Afrobrunnichia erecta had deeply sinuate lateral walls.
Observation Cell surfaces could be smooth, tuberculate, or fibrillate and were usually wax covered.
Method / resource The combined fruit characters were mainly useful at tribal level and rarely at species or infraspecific level.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Kenaf pith comprised polygonal parenchymatous cells.

Taxon: KENAFHibiscus cannabinust0
Organ / stage: pithe0
Outcome: polygonal parenchymatous cellse0

Verbatim

e0
“pith consists of polygonal parenchymatous cells”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1036–1083

t0
“KENAF”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 45–50

Title

ANATOMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND PROPERTIES OF KENAF STEMS (HIBISCUS CANNABINUS)

Elias Voulgaridis; Costas Passialis; Athanassios Grigoriou IAWA Journal - KU Leuven/IAWA Journal 2000. doi:10.1163/22941932-90000259

Other claims from this paper (19)

Observation Kenaf reached a maximum height of 2.53 m and mean basal diameter of 1.91 cm.
Observation Kenaf had mean basal diameter of 1.91 cm.
Observation Wood was the most abundant kenaf stem tissue, up to 77% of cross section area.
Observation Wood reached up to 61.5% of kenaf stem weight.
Observation Kenaf wood proportion decreased from stem base to top.
Observation Kenaf pith proportion increased from stem base to top.
Observation Kenaf bark proportion remained constant from stem base to top.
Observation Kenaf stem dry density ranged from 0.27 to 0.31 g /cm 3.
Observation Kenaf wood dry density ranged from 0.22 to 0.43 g /cm3.
Observation Hot water soluble extractives ranged from 10.6% to 20.4%.
Observation Dichloromethane soluble extractives ranged from 0.7% to 1.2%.
Observation Kenaf bark had thick, long fibres averaging 2,330 μm.
Observation Kenaf wood was diffuse porous.
Observation Kenaf wood fibres averaged 840 μm long.
Observation Kenaf vessel members averaged 330 μm long.
Observation Kenaf vessel members averaged 45 μm in diameter.
Observation Kenaf parenchymatous cells were 90 μm long.
Observation Kenaf bark and wood fibre lengths increased from stem base to top.
Observation Kenaf vessel diameters decreased from stem base to top.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Ambavioideae had regular polygonal venation.

Taxon: AmbavioideaeAmbavioideaee0
Outcome: regular polygonal venatione0

Verbatim

e0
“Ambavioideae had regular polygonal venation”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 359–402

Title

Systematic leaf architectural diversity of African Annonaceae Juss. and the implications of its venation patterns

Sunday Adebunmi Adeniran; Benjamin Aderemi Ajayi; Abdullahi Alanamu AbdulRahaman South African Journal of Botany 2025. doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2025.04.011

Other claims from this paper (12)

Observation Leaf venation and cuticle patterns aided species identification.
Observation Seven distinct vein categories were identified.
Observation Most species showed bronchidodromous or eucamptodromous venation and developed areolae.
Observation Malmeoideae showed sinuous veins.
Observation Annonoideae displayed varied vein types.
Observation Species grouped into three clusters.
Observation Three principal components explained over 83% of variation.
Association Areola formation correlated positively with temperature.
Observation Tertiary-vein divergence angles ranged from 55° to 173°.
Observation Nerve endings per areola varied from one to six.
Observation Monodora myristica had no visible nerve endings.
Observation Annona muricata, Xylopia aethiopica, X. acutiflora, and Dennettia tripetala displayed craspedodromous venation.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The pedicel of C. lanatus is polygonal circular in cross-section.

Taxon: C. lanatuse1
Outcome: polygonal circulare1

Verbatim

e1
“polygonal circular e.g. C. lanatus”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1028–1062

Title

Floral Structural Characteristics of some Economic Cucurbits in Egypt

Duaa Rezk; Azza Mostafa; M. K. Hamz; et al. Journal of Plant Production 2022. doi:10.21608/jpp.2022.158275.1162

Other claims from this paper (18)

Observation Flowers of Cucumis sativus are solitary.
Observation Flowers of Luffa aegyptiaca occur in raceme inflorescence only in the male flower.
Observation Anther shapes are winding in Cucumis melo cv. flexuosus.
Observation Anthers are oblong in C. moschata.
Observation Anthers are crescent shaped in L. aegyptiaca.
Observation Pollen grains of Cucumis melo cv. flexuosus are oblate.
Observation Pollen grains are spherical in most of the studied cucurbit taxa.
Observation Hairs of C. sativus are unicellular.
Observation Hairs of C. pepo are multicellular.
Observation Hairs of C. moschata are branched.
Observation Hairs of L. siceraria are un-branched.
Observation The pedicel of the male flower of L. siceraria is angled in cross-section.
Observation The pedicel of C. lanatus cv. colocynthis is rounded in cross-section.
Observation The pedicel of C. pepo is polygonal oval in cross-section.
Observation The pedicel of the female flower of L. aegyptiaca is oblique circular in cross-section.
Observation The male flower petiole of L. siceraria has seven vascular bundles.
Observation The male flower petiole of C. pepo has 42 vascular bundles.
Observation Epidermal cell walls in sepals and petals are straight or sinuate in cucurbit taxa.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The pedicel of C. pepo is polygonal oval in cross-section.

Taxon: C. pepoe1
Outcome: polygonal ovale1

Verbatim

e1
“polygonal oval as in C. pepo”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1064–1092

Title

Floral Structural Characteristics of some Economic Cucurbits in Egypt

Duaa Rezk; Azza Mostafa; M. K. Hamz; et al. Journal of Plant Production 2022. doi:10.21608/jpp.2022.158275.1162

Other claims from this paper (18)

Observation Flowers of Cucumis sativus are solitary.
Observation Flowers of Luffa aegyptiaca occur in raceme inflorescence only in the male flower.
Observation Anther shapes are winding in Cucumis melo cv. flexuosus.
Observation Anthers are oblong in C. moschata.
Observation Anthers are crescent shaped in L. aegyptiaca.
Observation Pollen grains of Cucumis melo cv. flexuosus are oblate.
Observation Pollen grains are spherical in most of the studied cucurbit taxa.
Observation Hairs of C. sativus are unicellular.
Observation Hairs of C. pepo are multicellular.
Observation Hairs of C. moschata are branched.
Observation Hairs of L. siceraria are un-branched.
Observation The pedicel of the male flower of L. siceraria is angled in cross-section.
Observation The pedicel of C. lanatus cv. colocynthis is rounded in cross-section.
Observation The pedicel of C. lanatus is polygonal circular in cross-section.
Observation The pedicel of the female flower of L. aegyptiaca is oblique circular in cross-section.
Observation The male flower petiole of L. siceraria has seven vascular bundles.
Observation The male flower petiole of C. pepo has 42 vascular bundles.
Observation Epidermal cell walls in sepals and petals are straight or sinuate in cucurbit taxa.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The seed coat had polygonal cells.

Taxon: Rehmannia glutinosaRehmannia glutinosat0
Organ / stage: seed coate0
Outcome: polygonal cellse0

Verbatim

e0
“with a seed coat characterized by polygonal cells.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 407–457

t0
“Rehmannia glutinosa”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 51–70

Title

Seed Morphology and Germination Characteristics of Rehmannia glutinosa

Jong Won Han; Ei Hyun Kim; Myeong Won Oh; et al. Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science 2022. doi:10.7783/kjmcs.2022.30.3.187

Other claims from this paper (10)

Observation Seed length was 1.13 ± 0.03 ㎜.
Observation Seed width was 0.86 ± 0.02 ㎜.
Intervention effect Germination was optimal at 25℃ in light, reaching 91%.
Intervention effect GA₃ pre-soaking increased germination, with the highest rate of 72% at 1,000 ㎎/ℓ.
Intervention effect GA₃ pre-soaking increased mean germination time, uniformity, and germination index.
Observation At 45% relative humidity, germination peaked at 32 weeks.
Observation At 70% relative humidity, germination peaked at 24 weeks.
Observation The seeds were classified as having non-deep physiological dormancy.
Recommendation The authors recommend 25℃ in light with after-ripening exceeding 16 weeks for seed germination.
Recommendation The authors recommend pre-soaking in 1,000 ㎎/ℓ GA₃ for 24 h to improve germination further.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Gmelina arborea had polygonal epidermal cells.

Taxon: Gmelina arboreaGmelina arboreae0
Organ / stage: epidermal cellse0
Outcome: polygonale0

Verbatim

e0
“The epidermal cells were polygonal in Gmelina arborea”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 378–431

Title

Relationship between physicochemical parameters and zooplanktons in Karidna reservoir, Kaduna state

H. Haruna; H.I. Ashir Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 2018. doi:10.4314/bajopas.v10i1.125s

Other claims from this paper (12)

Observation Vitex doniana had rectangular and irregular epidermal cells.
Observation Tectona grandis had isodiametric and elongated epidermal cells.
Observation Stomatal ontogeny was mesogenous in all three species.
Observation Vitex doniana had anomocytic stomata.
Observation Gmelina arborea had anisocytic and anomocytic stomata.
Observation Tectona grandis had paracytic stomata.
Observation Gmelina arborea was amphistomatic with scant adaxial stomata.
Observation Vitex doniana was hypostomatic.
Observation Tectona grandis was hypostomatic.
Observation Stomata length and pore breadth did not significantly differ between Vitex doniana and Gmelina arborea.
Observation Epidermal cell numbers and trichomes differed significantly among the three species.
Recommendation The authors recommend classifying the three species in different genera.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

In Rosa the shape of abaxial epidermal cells varies from polygonal and polygonal-slightly irregular to irregular.

Taxon: RosaRosae0
Organ / stage: abaxial surfacee0
Outcome: shape of the epidermal cellse0

Verbatim

e0
“In Rosa , the shape of the epidermal cells on the abaxial surface varies from polygonal and polygonal-slightly irregular to irregular”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 614–747

Title

Taxonomic Value of Leaf Epidermal Characters of the Genera Rosa L. and Rubus L. (Rosaceae) in Iraq

Zeravan Abdul Khaliq Sadeeq Al-Doskey IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science 2023. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1213/1/012113

Other claims from this paper (5)

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Leaf epidermal cells were generally polygonal.

Taxon: MarsdenieaeMarsdenieaet0
Organ / stage: leaf epidermal cellse0
Outcome: generally polygonale0

Verbatim

e0
“the shapes of leaf epidermal cells were generally polygonal”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 224–283

t0
“Marsdenieae”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 31–42

Title

Leaf Epidermis of 11 Genera of Marsdenieae(Asclepiadaceae) of China

Li Bingtao Journal of the South China Agricultural University 2006

Other claims from this paper (6)

Observation Anticlinal walls were usually straight or nearly straight.
Observation The epidermal cuticle was striate, papillate and ridgelike.
Observation Marsdenieae had cyclocytic and paracytic stomatal apparatus types.
Observation Cyclocytic stomata occurred in Hoya, Dishchidia and Micholitzia.
Observation Other genera had paracytic stomata.
Observation The inferred stomatal evolutionary trend was from paracytic to cyclocytic.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Polygonal grains were specific to P. micrantha.

Taxon: P. micranthaPhysalis micranthae0
Outcome: polygonal grainse0

Verbatim

e0
“polygonal grains specific to P. micrantha”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 452–493

Title

Anatomical and molecular characterisation in four Nigerian Physalis (Solanaceae) Species

S.O. Azeez; J.O. Matthew; Z.T. Tijani; et al. Nigerian Journal of Botany 2025. doi:10.4314/njbot.v37i2.6

Other claims from this paper (15)

Observation Leaf starch granules were absent in P. pubescens but present in the other studied species.
Observation Arc-shaped leaf starch grains were unique to P. angulata and P. peruviana.
Observation Styloids were diagnostic for P. peruviana.
Observation P. angulata had a polygonal stem outline, thick cuticle, and lacked trichomes and sclerenchyma cells.
Observation All studied Physalis species except P. pubescens were woody.
Observation P. pubescens had a conjoint bicollateral vascular bundle.
Observation Anatomical clustering separated tetraploid P. angulata from the diploid species.
Observation Anatomical clustering grouped P. pubescens with P. micrantha.
Observation P. peruviana was closely related to the group of P. pubescens and P. micrantha.
Method / resource Molecular analysis achieved 100% PCR amplification.
Observation Molecular sequences ranged from 774–870 bp.
Observation GC content varied between 33.1% and 36.1%.
Observation BLAST analysis showed species-specific similarities.
Observation Phylogenetic analysis separated P. micrantha from the other species.
Observation The four Physalis species were genetically distinct with low genetic diversity.

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“polygonal”

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