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“spread and development”

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Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Protectants reduced rhizoctoniosis development and spread.

Taxon: potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
Treatment: Their usee0
Outcome: development and spread of rhizoctoniosise0
Direction: reducee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Their use helped to reduce the development and spread of rhizoctoniosis”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 697–768

t0
“potato”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 20–26

Title

New protectants for potato protection

Grigoriy Leonidovich Belov; Vladimir Nikolaevich Zeyruk; Vladimir Anatolyevich Barkov; et al. The Agrarian Scientific Journal 2020. doi:10.28983/asj.y2020i12pp4-7

Other claims from this paper (7)

Intervention effect Tuber protectants did not negatively affect potato germination or growth indicators.
Intervention effect Protectants almost completely protected potatoes against first generation Colorado beetles.
Observation Biological efficacy against Rhizoctonia was 58.8-66,3%.
Observation Biological efficacy against Colorado potato beetle was reported as 93,7 95.5 per cent.
Intervention effect New tuber protectants increased gross yield by 6.2-7.1 t / ha or 30.9-35.3% relative to control.
Intervention effect Protectant treatment produced a rhizoctoniosis free crop.
Intervention effect Protectant treatment increased standard healthy potato yield by 57.7.

Observationobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Clonal spread was a significant mode of tanoak stand development.

Outcome: Clonal spreade0

Not reportedTaxon

Verbatim

e0
“Clonal spread was a significant mode of stand development”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 639–696

Title

Clonal Growth and Fine-Scale Genetic Structure in Tanoak (Notholithocarpus densiflorus: Fagaceae)

R. S. Dodd; W. Mayer; A. Nettel; et al. Journal of Heredity 2012. doi:10.1093/jhered/ess080

Other claims from this paper (9)

Observation Tanoak clonal spread averaged about 5–6 m.
Association Sexual gene dispersal estimates varied by ramet sampling method.
Observation Upland tanoak sites had more ramets per genet.
Observation Most other computed indices did not differ significantly between sites.
Observation Upland sites tended toward greater heterozygote excess than lowland sites.
Observation Upland sites tended toward shorter gene dispersal distances than lowland sites.
Observation Average inferred sibship spacing at upland sites approximated maximum clonal range.
Observation Sibs were more dispersed at lowland sites.
Recommendation The authors recommend minimum spacing among tanoak seed trees for restoration.

Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Disease spread and development depended on July and August weather.

Taxon: sugar beet cropsBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
Outcome: Diseases spread and developmente0
Setting: July and Auguste0

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e0
“Diseases spread and development depended from the weather conditions in July and August”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 896–983

t0
“sugar beet crops”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 38–54

Title

The spread of fungal leaf diseases in sugar beet crops

Milda Baltaduonytė; Zenonas Dabkevičius; Zita Brazienė RURAL DEVELOPMENT 2019 2013. doi:10.15544/rd.2013.2.024

Other claims from this paper (11)

Observation Cercospora and Ramularia were the most widespread sugar beet leaf spot diseases.
Observation Cercospora leaf spot spread ranged from 46.7 to 100.0%.
Observation Cercospora leaf spot severity ranged from 1.12 to 56.00%.
Observation Ramularia leaf spot spread ranged from 40.0 to 96.7%.
Observation Ramularia leaf spot severity ranged from 1.73 to 20.00%.
Observation Phoma leaf spot spread before harvest ranged from 0 to 84.3%.
Observation Phoma leaf spot severity ranged from 0 to 15.57%.
Observation Powdery mildew spread later than other fungal diseases.
Observation In favorable conditions, powdery mildew infected up to 100% of plants.
Observation Powdery mildew severity reached 65.10%.
Observation Beet rust was found in small quantities in only two study years.

Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Lesion development and spread were delayed in resistant pea leaves.

Taxon: peaLathyrus oleraceust0
Outcome: development and spread of lesionse0
Direction: retardede0

Verbatim

e0
“the development and spread of lesions was retarded”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 790–840

t0
“pea leaves”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 112–122

Title

The development of different pathotype groups of Mycosphaerella pinocles in susceptible and partially resistant pea leaves

M. NASIR; H.‐H. HOPPE; F. EBRAHIM‐NESBAT Plant Pathology 1992. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3059.1992.tb02337.x

Other claims from this paper (6)

Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Moist soil was required for spread and development of cotton sore shin disease.

Taxon: cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
Outcome: spread and developmente0
Qualifier: moist soil conditione0

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e0
“Sore shin disease, on the other hand, requires a moist soil condition for its spread and development”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1100–1200

t0
“cotton diseases”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 39–54

Title

Factors influencing the development of cotton diseases

Lee Ling Annals of Applied Biology 1944. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1944.tb06727.x

Other claims from this paper (13)

Association Air humidity chiefly influenced incidence of most cotton diseases locally.
Observation Soil moisture and soil temperature had a stronger influence on cotton sore shin disease.
Association Higher temperatures advanced cyrtosis appearance during rapid leafhopper reproduction.
Association Heavy rainfall reduced cyrtosis intensity.
Intervention effect Changing sowing time influenced seedling and mature cotton disease incidence.
Observation Air humidity chiefly influenced cotton seedling anthracnose prevalence.
Intervention effect Late sowing increased cotton cyrtosis intensity.
Intervention effect Late sowing reduced cotton bacterial blight and anthracnose intensity.
Intervention effect Nitrogenous fertilizers generally increased incidence of most cotton diseases.
Intervention effect Denser stands and closer spacing increased cotton stem and leaf disease infection.
Intervention effect Denser stands and closer spacing did not increase cotton boll disease infection.
Intervention effect Mixed cropping appeared to have no effect on cotton fungal and bacterial diseases.
Intervention effect Mixed cropping with a leafhopper nonhost reduced cotton cyrtosis intensity.

Observationobservedreview summarybasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Vinca major has rapid development and fast spread.

Taxon: Vinca majorVinca majore0
Outcome: rapid development and fast spreade7

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e0
“Vinca major L. grows most vigorously in moist soil with only partial sun”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 482–554

e7
“It has rapid development and fast spread”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 556–596

Title

INVASIVE WEED SPECIES VINCA MAJOR L. (BIG PERIWINKLE)

Onur Kolören DergiPark (Istanbul University) 2015

Other claims from this paper (7)

Observation Vinca major grows most vigorously in moist soil with only partial sun.
Observation Vinca major is spread in southern Europe and northern Africa.
Observation Vinca major is on the list of invasive plants in the United States of America.
Observation The flowering period of Vinca major is from spring to early summer.
Observation Vinca major occurs at an altitude of 0–800 metres above sea level.
Observation Vinca major is determined to be on the edge of hazelnuts in Ordu, Turkey.
Observation Vinca major is found in İstanbul, Bursa, Hatay, Rize and Samsun in Turkey.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The phosphate preparation reduced disease spread and development intensity.

Taxon: plantt0
Treatment: phosphate preparatione0
Outcome: intensity of disease spread and developmente0
Direction: decreasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“significant decrease of intensity of disease spread and development after the action of phosphate preparation”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1341–1450

t0
“plant”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 11–16

Title

Innovative plant protection means prepared natural raw materials

Omar Lomtadze; Ludmila Tskhvedadze; Nunu Shalvashvili; et al. Annals of Agrarian Science 2018. doi:10.1016/j.aasci.2017.11.004

Other claims from this paper (7)

Intervention effect Proinsect exceeded Sipcomol effectiveness against San Jose scale on treated trees.
Intervention effect Proinsect exceeded Sipcomol effectiveness against mountain ash bentwing on treated trees.
Intervention effect Antipest had nearly the same fruit pest control efficiency as imported preparations despite less pyrethroid.
Intervention effect Antifungal was slightly less effective than Bordeaux mixture.
Intervention effect Si-humate improved apple seedling growth and development index by 15–17% over controls.
Intervention effect Si-humate improved peach seedling growth and development index by 15–17% over controls.
Observation No harmful diseases were found on treated apple and peach seedlings.

Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Temperature and humidity influenced disease development and spread.

Outcome: disease development and spreade0
Qualifier: temperature and humiditye0

Not reportedTaxonSettingDirection

Verbatim

e0
“Environmental factors, particularly temperature and humidity, were identified as key determinants influencing disease development and spread.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1155–1296

Title

Frequency of occurrence of pathogens of diseases observed in cucumber (Cucumis sativa L.) plants

K. F. Bakhshaliyeva; A. Kh. Rajabli; A. G. Eyvazov International Journal of Biosciences (IJB) 2026. doi:10.12692/ijb/28.4.181-186

Other claims from this paper (8)

Observation Twenty species formed cucumber pathogenic mycobiota.
Observation Root and root rot diseases were most prevalent at 42.7%.
Observation Leaf spot diseases accounted for 39.5%.
Observation Powdery mildew accounted for 7.5%.
Observation Other diseases accounted for 10.3%.
Observation Fusarium species dominated root diseases.
Observation Alternaria species were most significant in leaf spot infections.
Observation Pathogen activity generally favored 15–20°C and 80–100% relative humidity.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Plowing under peas reduced pea root rot spread and development.

Taxon: peasLathyrus oleraceuse0
Treatment: Plowinge0
Outcome: spread and development of pea root rote0
Direction: reducee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Plowing under peas helped reduce the spread and development of pea root rot.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2645–2721

Title

Root rot of winter wheat and peas in short-rotation crop rotations

M.V. Voitovyk; D. T. Gentosh; L.M. Krasiuk; et al. Agriculture and plant sciences theory and practice 2023. doi:10.54651/agri.2023.03.02

Other claims from this paper (10)

Intervention effect Organo-mineral fertilization gave 51.3% wheat root rot development, 8.7% above no fertilizer.
Intervention effect In grain-row rotation, organo-mineral fertilization gave 50% root rot damage, 6.1% below unfertilized plots.
Intervention effect Inter-row specialized rotation increased wheat disease damage to 55.4%, 10.5% above inter-row rotation.
Intervention effect Shelf-less tillage raised pea root rot development by 4.7% versus differentiated tillage at flowering.
Observation The highest winter wheat root rot damage occurred in row rotation following peas.
Observation In those areas, 32.6–37.6% of wheat plants were affected.
Observation In those areas, disease intensity was 52.4–58.7%.
Observation Grain-row specialized rotation had the lowest winter wheat root rot development, 27.4–35.4%.
Observation Organo-mineral fertilization produced the smallest development of wheat root rot.
Intervention effect Shallow disc cultivation at 10–12 cm caused the highest pea root rot development.

Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Moist atmosphere was essential for disease development and spread.

Taxon: CHERRY LAURELPrunus laurocerasust0
Treatment: moist atmospheree0
Outcome: development and spread of the diseasee0

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e0
“a moist atmosphere is essential for the development and spread of the disease”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 373–450

t0
“CHERRY LAUREL”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 13–26

Title

A DISEASE OF CHERRY LAUREL CAUSED BY TROCHILA LAUROCERASI (DESM.) FR

MARY J. F. GREGOR Annals of Applied Biology 1936. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1936.tb06121.x

Other claims from this paper (6)

Observation Leaf spot in cherry laurel caused infected tissue to fall out, leaving holes.
Mechanism Trochila Laurocerasi caused the cherry laurel disease.
Observation Gloeosporium‐phacidiellum Grove was identified as the imperfect stage of the pathogen.
Observation Infection occurred on young leaves, most often through wounds.
Recommendation Colloidal sulphur spraying during spring and early summer can control the disease.
Recommendation Cutting back bushes only in autumn can control the disease.

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