A. retroflexus 117 claims

Interactor role: other, weed

Literal values, not normalised. 183,098 distinct spellings cover 1,706,259 claims; only letter case and spacing are merged, so “maize”, “corn” and “Zea mays L.” are three separate entries here. The By interacting organism view merges spellings of one organism through NCBI Taxonomy.

117 claims

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Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Both compounds significantly increased MDA content in Amaranthus retroflexus seedlings.

Taxon: Seriphidium transilienseArtemisia transiliensist0
Treatment: both compoundse1
Interactor: A. retroflexusAmaranthus retroflexuse1other
Outcome: MDA contente1
Direction: increasede1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

t0
“Seriphidium transiliense”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 26–50

e1
“both compounds significantly increased MDA content and altered the activities of SOD, CAT, and POD of A. retroflexus seedlings”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 898–1024

Title

Phytotoxic Compounds from Seriphidium transiliense: Isolation, Bioactivity Evaluation, and Preliminary Mechanistic Analysis

Rui Yang; Yonghui Ma; Nigora Kuchkarova; et al. Agriculture 2026. doi:10.3390/agriculture16070773

Other claims from this paper (15)

Observation Xanthoxylin phytotoxicity from Seriphidium transiliense is reported for the first time.
Observation Xanthoxylin and α-santonin were identified from the ethanol extract of Seriphidium transiliense.
Intervention effect Both compounds significantly suppressed seedling growth of tested plants in a dose-dependent manner.
Intervention effect α-santonin inhibited root growth of Amaranthus retroflexus by 98.25%.
Intervention effect α-santonin inhibited root growth of Setaria viridis by 79.75%.
Intervention effect α-santonin inhibited root growth of Medicago sativa by 71.40%.
Intervention effect α-santonin inhibited root growth of Oxybasis glauca by 62.75%.
Intervention effect Xanthoxylin inhibited root growth of Amaranthus retroflexus by 59.15%.
Intervention effect Xanthoxylin inhibited root growth of Setaria viridis by 89.71%.
Intervention effect Xanthoxylin inhibited root growth of Medicago sativa by 38.80%.
Intervention effect Xanthoxylin inhibited root growth of Oxybasis glauca by 62.90%.
Intervention effect Both compounds altered the activities of SOD, CAT and POD in Amaranthus retroflexus seedlings.
Observation Treated test plants displayed chlorosis and leaf whitening.
Mechanism Molecular docking implies that both compounds may interact with protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase.
Recommendation The authors suggest that α-santonin and xanthoxylin have the potential to be developed as bio-herbicides.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Both compounds altered the activities of SOD, CAT and POD in Amaranthus retroflexus seedlings.

Taxon: Seriphidium transilienseArtemisia transiliensist0
Treatment: both compoundse1
Interactor: A. retroflexusAmaranthus retroflexuse1other
Outcome: activities of SOD, CAT, and PODe1
Direction: alterede1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

t0
“Seriphidium transiliense”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 26–50

e1
“both compounds significantly increased MDA content and altered the activities of SOD, CAT, and POD of A. retroflexus seedlings”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 898–1024

Title

Phytotoxic Compounds from Seriphidium transiliense: Isolation, Bioactivity Evaluation, and Preliminary Mechanistic Analysis

Rui Yang; Yonghui Ma; Nigora Kuchkarova; et al. Agriculture 2026. doi:10.3390/agriculture16070773

Other claims from this paper (15)

Observation Xanthoxylin phytotoxicity from Seriphidium transiliense is reported for the first time.
Observation Xanthoxylin and α-santonin were identified from the ethanol extract of Seriphidium transiliense.
Intervention effect Both compounds significantly suppressed seedling growth of tested plants in a dose-dependent manner.
Intervention effect α-santonin inhibited root growth of Amaranthus retroflexus by 98.25%.
Intervention effect α-santonin inhibited root growth of Setaria viridis by 79.75%.
Intervention effect α-santonin inhibited root growth of Medicago sativa by 71.40%.
Intervention effect α-santonin inhibited root growth of Oxybasis glauca by 62.75%.
Intervention effect Xanthoxylin inhibited root growth of Amaranthus retroflexus by 59.15%.
Intervention effect Xanthoxylin inhibited root growth of Setaria viridis by 89.71%.
Intervention effect Xanthoxylin inhibited root growth of Medicago sativa by 38.80%.
Intervention effect Xanthoxylin inhibited root growth of Oxybasis glauca by 62.90%.
Intervention effect Both compounds significantly increased MDA content in Amaranthus retroflexus seedlings.
Observation Treated test plants displayed chlorosis and leaf whitening.
Mechanism Molecular docking implies that both compounds may interact with protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase.
Recommendation The authors suggest that α-santonin and xanthoxylin have the potential to be developed as bio-herbicides.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Nitrogen addition significantly increased P. oleracea relative yield.

Taxon: P. oleraceaPortulaca oleraceae0
Treatment: nitrogen additione0
Interactor: A. retroflexusAmaranthus retroflexuse0weed
Outcome: relative yield of P. oleraceae0
Direction: increasede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“nitrogen addition had no significant effect on the relative yield of A. retroflexus but significantly increased the relative yield of P. oleracea, thereby weakening the competitive advantage of A. retroflexus.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 389–598

Title

Nitrogen Forms Alter the Competitive Advantage of the Invasive Plant Amaranthus retroflexus over the Local Species

Fan Yang; Yige Zhang; Wenhui Wang; et al. Nitrogen 2026. doi:10.3390/nitrogen7020057

Other claims from this paper (10)

Intervention effect Nitrogen addition did not significantly change A. retroflexus relative yield with P. oleracea.
Intervention effect Nitrogen addition weakened A. retroflexus competitive advantage with P. oleracea.
Intervention effect Nitrogen addition no significant effect relative yield of M. sativa in the A. retroflexus–M. sativa mixture.
Intervention effect Nitrogen addition increased relative yield of A. retroflexus in the A. retroflexus–M. sativa mixture.
Intervention effect Nitrogen addition enhancing competitive advantage of A. retroflexus in the A. retroflexus–M. sativa mixture.
Intervention effect NO3−-N strengthened A. retroflexus competitive advantage with M. sativa.
Intervention effect NO3−-N weakened A. retroflexus competitive advantage with P. oleracea.
Association A. retroflexus competitive advantage was associated with photosynthetic traits and nitrogen absorption efficiency.
Observation The competitive response included greater leaf number, leaf area and SPAD value.
Observation The competitive response included greater leaf biomass.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Nitrogen addition no significant effect relative yield of M. sativa in the A. retroflexus–M. sativa mixture.

Taxon: M. sativaMedicago sativae0
Treatment: nitrogen additione0
Interactor: A. retroflexusAmaranthus retroflexuse0weed
Outcome: relative yield of M. sativae0
Direction: no significant effecte0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“nitrogen addition had no significant effect on the relative yield of M. sativa but significantly increased the relative yield of A. retroflexus, thereby enhancing the competitive advantage of A. retroflexus.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 612–819

Title

Nitrogen Forms Alter the Competitive Advantage of the Invasive Plant Amaranthus retroflexus over the Local Species

Fan Yang; Yige Zhang; Wenhui Wang; et al. Nitrogen 2026. doi:10.3390/nitrogen7020057

Other claims from this paper (10)

Intervention effect Nitrogen addition did not significantly change A. retroflexus relative yield with P. oleracea.
Intervention effect Nitrogen addition significantly increased P. oleracea relative yield.
Intervention effect Nitrogen addition weakened A. retroflexus competitive advantage with P. oleracea.
Intervention effect Nitrogen addition increased relative yield of A. retroflexus in the A. retroflexus–M. sativa mixture.
Intervention effect Nitrogen addition enhancing competitive advantage of A. retroflexus in the A. retroflexus–M. sativa mixture.
Intervention effect NO3−-N strengthened A. retroflexus competitive advantage with M. sativa.
Intervention effect NO3−-N weakened A. retroflexus competitive advantage with P. oleracea.
Association A. retroflexus competitive advantage was associated with photosynthetic traits and nitrogen absorption efficiency.
Observation The competitive response included greater leaf number, leaf area and SPAD value.
Observation The competitive response included greater leaf biomass.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Higher sunn hemp extract concentrations inhibited weed seed germination, with A. retroflexus most sensitive.

Taxon: Sunn Hemp (Crotalaria juncea)Crotalaria junceat0
Treatment: SH extract (100, 150, and 200 g L−1)e0
Interactor: A. retroflexusAmaranthus retroflexuse0weed
Outcome: weed seed germinatione0
Direction: inhibitede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Higher concentrations of SH extract (100, 150, and 200 g L−1) effectively inhibited weed seed germination with A. retroflexus displaying the highest sensitivity”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 765–925

t0
“Sunn Hemp (Crotalaria juncea)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 16–45

Title

The Efficacy of Sunn Hemp (Crotalaria juncea) and Fe3O4 Nanoparticles in Controlling Weed Seed Germination

Fatemeh Ahmadnia; Ali Ebadi; Mohammad Taghi Alebrahim; et al. Agronomy 2025. doi:10.3390/agronomy15040795

Other claims from this paper (7)

Intervention effect The optimal Fe3O4 nanoparticle concentration for reducing weed germination was 3000 to 3100 mg L−1.
Intervention effect For S. arvensis, the maximal effective Fe3O4/sunn hemp nanoparticle concentration was 10 g L−1.
Intervention effect For A. retroflexus, the maximal effective Fe3O4/sunn hemp nanoparticle concentration was 150 g L−1.
Intervention effect For C. album, the maximal effective Fe3O4/sunn hemp nanoparticle concentration was 200 g L−1.
Intervention effect Fe3O4/sunn hemp nanoparticles reduced 1/D50.
Intervention effect Fe3O4/sunn hemp nanoparticles increased EEC50.
Recommendation The authors propose Fe3O4/sunn hemp nanoparticles for sustainable weed management.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

For A. retroflexus, the maximal effective Fe3O4/sunn hemp nanoparticle concentration was 150 g L−1.

Taxon: Sunn Hemp (Crotalaria juncea)Crotalaria junceat0
Treatment: Fe3O4 Nanoparticlest0
Interactor: A. retroflexusAmaranthus retroflexuse0weed
Outcome: Weed Seed Germinationt0
Value: 150 g L−1e0

Not reportedComparatorDirection

Verbatim

e0
“150 g L−1 for A. retroflexus”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1027–1055

t0
“The Efficacy of Sunn Hemp (Crotalaria juncea) and Fe3O4 Nanoparticles in Controlling Weed Seed Germination”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–106

Title

The Efficacy of Sunn Hemp (Crotalaria juncea) and Fe3O4 Nanoparticles in Controlling Weed Seed Germination

Fatemeh Ahmadnia; Ali Ebadi; Mohammad Taghi Alebrahim; et al. Agronomy 2025. doi:10.3390/agronomy15040795

Other claims from this paper (7)

Intervention effect The optimal Fe3O4 nanoparticle concentration for reducing weed germination was 3000 to 3100 mg L−1.
Intervention effect Higher sunn hemp extract concentrations inhibited weed seed germination, with A. retroflexus most sensitive.
Intervention effect For S. arvensis, the maximal effective Fe3O4/sunn hemp nanoparticle concentration was 10 g L−1.
Intervention effect For C. album, the maximal effective Fe3O4/sunn hemp nanoparticle concentration was 200 g L−1.
Intervention effect Fe3O4/sunn hemp nanoparticles reduced 1/D50.
Intervention effect Fe3O4/sunn hemp nanoparticles increased EEC50.
Recommendation The authors propose Fe3O4/sunn hemp nanoparticles for sustainable weed management.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

A. absinthium extract inhibited A. retroflexus germination more strongly than A. vulgaris extract.

Taxon: A. absinthiumArtemisia absinthiume0
Treatment: A. absinthiume0
Interactor: A. retroflexusAmaranthus retroflexuse0weed
Outcome: germination of A. retroflexuse0
Direction: stronger inhibitory effecte0
Value: 0.54 ± 0.02%e0
Comparator: A. vulgarise0

Verbatim

e0
“A. absinthium contained a higher amount (1.694 ± 0.081 mg/g) and exhibited a stronger inhibitory effect on the germination of A. retroflexus (EC50 = 0.54 ± 0.02%) and S. viridis (EC50 = 1.51 ± 0.07%) compared to A. vulgaris”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 690–913

Title

Allelopathic Potential of Artemisia absinthium and Artemisia vulgaris from Serbia: Chemical Composition and Bioactivity on Weeds

Teodora Tojić; Tijana Đorđević; Rada Đurović-Pejčev; et al. Plants 2025. doi:10.3390/plants14111663

Other claims from this paper (17)

Observation A. vulgaris extract had higher antioxidant activity and phenolic content than A. absinthium extract.
Observation A. vulgaris extract had higher phenolic content than A. absinthium extract.
Observation Chlorogenic acid was the most abundant phenol in both extracts.
Observation A. absinthium had more chlorogenic acid than A. vulgaris.
Intervention effect A. absinthium extract inhibited S. viridis germination more strongly than A. vulgaris extract.
Observation The leading A. absinthium oil constituents were β-thujone, cis-ocimene epoxide and bicyclogermacrene.
Observation Cis-ocimene epoxide comprised 7.88% of A. absinthium oil.
Observation Bicyclogermacrene comprised 7.04% of A. absinthium oil.
Observation Gurjunene comprised 10.41% of A. vulgaris oil.
Observation Cis-crysanthenyl acetate comprised 7.17% of A. vulgaris oil.
Observation γ-humulene comprised 6.67% of A. vulgaris oil.
Intervention effect A. absinthium oil had the lowest germination EC50 for S. viridis.
Intervention effect A. absinthium oil had the lowest seedling length EC50 for S. viridis.
Intervention effect A. retroflexus germination was most sensitive to A. vulgaris oil.
Intervention effect A. retroflexus seedling length was most sensitive to A. vulgaris oil.
Observation All extracts showed allelopathic potential.
Intervention effect Essential oils inhibited weeds more strongly than plant extracts.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

A. retroflexus germination was most sensitive to A. vulgaris oil.

Taxon: A. vulgarisArtemisia vulgarise0
Treatment: A. vulgaris essential oile0
Interactor: A. retroflexusAmaranthus retroflexuse0weed
Outcome: A. retroflexuse0
Direction: most sensitivee0
Value: 0.11 ± 0.04%e0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“A. retroflexus was the most sensitive to A. vulgaris essential oil (0.11 ± 0.04% and 0.02 ± 0.00%, respectively)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1385–1497

Title

Allelopathic Potential of Artemisia absinthium and Artemisia vulgaris from Serbia: Chemical Composition and Bioactivity on Weeds

Teodora Tojić; Tijana Đorđević; Rada Đurović-Pejčev; et al. Plants 2025. doi:10.3390/plants14111663

Other claims from this paper (17)

Observation A. vulgaris extract had higher antioxidant activity and phenolic content than A. absinthium extract.
Observation A. vulgaris extract had higher phenolic content than A. absinthium extract.
Observation Chlorogenic acid was the most abundant phenol in both extracts.
Observation A. absinthium had more chlorogenic acid than A. vulgaris.
Intervention effect A. absinthium extract inhibited A. retroflexus germination more strongly than A. vulgaris extract.
Intervention effect A. absinthium extract inhibited S. viridis germination more strongly than A. vulgaris extract.
Observation The leading A. absinthium oil constituents were β-thujone, cis-ocimene epoxide and bicyclogermacrene.
Observation Cis-ocimene epoxide comprised 7.88% of A. absinthium oil.
Observation Bicyclogermacrene comprised 7.04% of A. absinthium oil.
Observation Gurjunene comprised 10.41% of A. vulgaris oil.
Observation Cis-crysanthenyl acetate comprised 7.17% of A. vulgaris oil.
Observation γ-humulene comprised 6.67% of A. vulgaris oil.
Intervention effect A. absinthium oil had the lowest germination EC50 for S. viridis.
Intervention effect A. absinthium oil had the lowest seedling length EC50 for S. viridis.
Intervention effect A. retroflexus seedling length was most sensitive to A. vulgaris oil.
Observation All extracts showed allelopathic potential.
Intervention effect Essential oils inhibited weeds more strongly than plant extracts.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

A. retroflexus seedling length was most sensitive to A. vulgaris oil.

Taxon: A. vulgarisArtemisia vulgarise0
Treatment: A. vulgaris essential oile0
Interactor: A. retroflexusAmaranthus retroflexuse0weed
Outcome: A. retroflexuse0
Direction: most sensitivee0
Value: 0.02 ± 0.00%e0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“A. retroflexus was the most sensitive to A. vulgaris essential oil (0.11 ± 0.04% and 0.02 ± 0.00%, respectively)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1385–1497

Title

Allelopathic Potential of Artemisia absinthium and Artemisia vulgaris from Serbia: Chemical Composition and Bioactivity on Weeds

Teodora Tojić; Tijana Đorđević; Rada Đurović-Pejčev; et al. Plants 2025. doi:10.3390/plants14111663

Other claims from this paper (17)

Observation A. vulgaris extract had higher antioxidant activity and phenolic content than A. absinthium extract.
Observation A. vulgaris extract had higher phenolic content than A. absinthium extract.
Observation Chlorogenic acid was the most abundant phenol in both extracts.
Observation A. absinthium had more chlorogenic acid than A. vulgaris.
Intervention effect A. absinthium extract inhibited A. retroflexus germination more strongly than A. vulgaris extract.
Intervention effect A. absinthium extract inhibited S. viridis germination more strongly than A. vulgaris extract.
Observation The leading A. absinthium oil constituents were β-thujone, cis-ocimene epoxide and bicyclogermacrene.
Observation Cis-ocimene epoxide comprised 7.88% of A. absinthium oil.
Observation Bicyclogermacrene comprised 7.04% of A. absinthium oil.
Observation Gurjunene comprised 10.41% of A. vulgaris oil.
Observation Cis-crysanthenyl acetate comprised 7.17% of A. vulgaris oil.
Observation γ-humulene comprised 6.67% of A. vulgaris oil.
Intervention effect A. absinthium oil had the lowest germination EC50 for S. viridis.
Intervention effect A. absinthium oil had the lowest seedling length EC50 for S. viridis.
Intervention effect A. retroflexus germination was most sensitive to A. vulgaris oil.
Observation All extracts showed allelopathic potential.
Intervention effect Essential oils inhibited weeds more strongly than plant extracts.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

With drought-tolerant corn, pigweed shoot biomass differed by only 9% between irrigation levels.

Taxon: cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
Material: DT corne0
Treatment: reduced irrigatione0
Interactor: A. retroflexusAmaranthus retroflexuse0weed
Outcome: A. retroflexus shoot biomasse0
Direction: negatively impactede0
Value: 9%e0
Comparator: optimally irrigated plotse0

Verbatim

e0
“DT corn negatively impacted A. retroflexus shoot biomass under reduced irrigation, resulting in only a 9% difference between the reduced and optimally irrigated plots”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1443–1609

Title

Competitive ability of drought-tolerant corn hybrids in the presence of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) under optimal and reduced irrigation levels

Mercy A. Odemba; Earl Creech; Corey Ransom; et al. Weed Science 2025. doi:10.1017/wsc.2025.10039

Other claims from this paper (4)

Intervention effect Reduced irrigation lowered drought-susceptible corn shoot biomass by 45% in Season 1.
Intervention effect Drought-tolerant corn shoot biomass remained unchanged across irrigation levels in Season 1.
Intervention effect Both corn hybrids had lower shoot biomass under reduced irrigation in Season 2.
Intervention effect Pigweed shoot biomass was 80% higher with drought-susceptible corn under reduced than optimal irrigation.