Individual grain weight declined across drought, heat and combined stress, with increasing severity.

heat · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results

254 papers in the same direction as this claim · 54 in the opposite direction

1. positive
   Heat before anthesis increased individual grain weight by 0.03% per °C×h.

   Acute High Temperature Response in Wheat · 2018

   Opposite directionCites this paper

2. negative
   Heat reduced grain number by 56 percent.

   Independent and Combined Effects of High Temperature and Drought Stress During Grain Filling on Plant Yield and Chloroplast EF-Tu Expression in Spring Wheat · 2011

   Same directionCited by this paper

3. negative
   Heat at anthesis, with or without double-ridge heat, reduced grain number by 41%.

   Lack of Interaction between Extreme High‐Temperature Events at Vegetative and Reproductive Growth Stages in Wheat · 2003

   Same directionCited by this paper

4. negative
   Combined heat and drought had stronger effects on physiological and yield traits than individual stresses.

   Independent and combined effects of high temperature and drought stress around anthesis on wheat · 2017 · compared with individual stress factors alone

   Same directionCites this paper

5. negative
   Heat stress reduced seed set by 7–19%.

   Heat Stress during Flowering Affects Time of Day of Flowering, Seed Set, and Grain Quality in Spring Wheat · 2018

   Same directionCites this paper

6. negative
   Seed weight, seed number per ear and single seed size were significantly reduced under combined drought and heat compared with drought alone.

   Drought and heat stress tolerance screening in wheat using computed tomography · 2020 · compared with drought alone

   Same directionCites this paper

7. negative
   Heat reduced grain yield by 11% in 2010–11 and 18% in 2011–12.

   Independent and combined effects of heat and drought stress in the Seri M82 × Babax bread wheat population · 2014

   Same directionCites this paper

8. negative
   Heat stress reduced wheat yield by an average of 59.5% relative to optimum temperature.

   Effect of terminal heat stress on physiological traits, grain zinc and iron content in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) · 2021 · compared with optimum temperature

   Same directionCites this paper

300 papers more in this group

drought · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results

536 papers in the same direction as this claim · 95 in the opposite direction

1. positive
   Drought priming increased kernel number per spike by 13.8% under drought.

   Drought priming enhances young spike development in wheat under drought stress during stem elongation · 2025

   Opposite directionCites this paper

2. negative
   Heat or drought reduced spikelet fertility by about 48 to 56 percent.

   Independent and Combined Effects of High Temperature and Drought Stress During Grain Filling on Plant Yield and Chloroplast EF-Tu Expression in Spring Wheat · 2011

   Same directionCited by this paper

3. negative
   Water stress shortened kernel filling duration.

   Mobilization of fructan reserves and changes in enzyme activities in wheat stems correlate with water stress during kernel filling · 2000

   Same directionCited by this paper

4. negative
   Early reproductive drought had a more severe effect on wheat yield than drought during flowering.

   Transcriptomics Analyses Reveal Wheat Responses to Drought Stress during Reproductive Stages under Field Conditions · 2017 · compared with drought stress during flowering

   Same directionCites this paper

5. negative
   Drought accentuated differences in final grain weight by spikelet and grain position.

   Effect of Post-anthesis Drought on Cell Division and Starch Accumulation in Developing Wheat Grains · 1985

   Same directionCited by this paper

6. negative
   Combined heat and drought had stronger effects on physiological and yield traits than individual stresses.

   Independent and combined effects of high temperature and drought stress around anthesis on wheat · 2017 · compared with individual stress factors alone

   Same directionCites this paper

7. negative
   Seed weight, seed number per ear and single seed size were significantly reduced under combined drought and heat compared with drought alone.

   Drought and heat stress tolerance screening in wheat using computed tomography · 2020 · compared with drought alone

   Same directionCites this paper

8. negative
   Combined stresses had the strongest negative effect on biomass and yield.

   Drought and heat stress reduce yield and alter carbon rhizodeposition of different wheat genotypes · 2018 · compared with drought and temperature stresses

   Same directionCites this paper

623 papers more in this group

abiotic · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree

2 papers in the same direction as this claim

1. negative
   Thousand kernel weight decreased under heat and combined stress conditions relative to control

   Mapping of the QTLs governing grain micronutrients and thousand kernel weight in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using high density SNP markers · 2023 · compared with control

   Same direction

2. negative
   Rapsodija expressed 40.3% of genetic yield potential under stress versus normal conditions.

   Cereal crop responses to abiotic stress: from gene expression to yield stability · 2025 · compared with normal conditions

   Same direction