Abstract
Abstract Increased climatic variability and more frequent episodes of extreme conditions may result in crops being exposed to more than one extreme temperature event in a single growing season and could decrease crop yields to the same extent as changes in mean temperature. The developmental stage of the crop exposed to increased temperatures will determine the severity of possible damage experienced by the plant. It is not known whether or not the damaging effects of heat episodes occurring at different phenological stages are additive. In the present study, the interaction of high‐temperature events applied at the stages of double ridges and anthesis in Triticum aestivum (L.) cv. Chablis was investigated. Biomass accumulation of control plants and that of plants experiencing high temperatures during the double‐ridge stage were similar and were reduced by 40 % when plants were subjected to a heat event at anthesis. Grain number on the main and side tillers declined by 41 %, and individual grain weight declined by 45 % with heat stress applied at the double‐ridge stage and anthesis or at anthesis alone. The harvest index was reduced from 0.53 to 0.33. Nitrogen contents in leaves were reduced by 10 % at the double‐ridge stage and by 25 % at anthesis. The maximum rates of CO 2 assimilation increased with heat stress at the double‐ridge stage and higher rates were maintained throughout the growing season. The results clearly indicate that an extreme heat event at the double‐ridge stage does not affect subsequent growth or the response of wheat to heat stress at anthesis.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Anthesis heat reduced biomass by 40% in both control and earlier heat-exposed plants.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- heat event at anthesise0
- Outcome
- Biomass accumulatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 40 %e0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat”
e0“Biomass accumulation of control plants and that of plants experiencing high temperatures during the double‐ridge stage were similar and were reduced by 40 % when plants were subjected to a heat event at anthesis”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat at anthesis, with or without double-ridge heat, reduced grain number by 41%.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- heat stress applied at the double‐ridge stage and anthesis or at anthesis alonee0
- Outcome
- Grain number on the main and side tillerse0
- Direction
- declinede0
- Value
- 41 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat”
e0“Grain number on the main and side tillers declined by 41 %, and individual grain weight declined by 45 % with heat stress applied at the double‐ridge stage and anthesis or at anthesis alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat at anthesis, with or without double-ridge heat, reduced individual grain weight by 45%.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- heat stress applied at the double‐ridge stage and anthesis or at anthesis alonee0
- Outcome
- individual grain weighte0
- Direction
- declinede0
- Value
- 45 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat”
e0“Grain number on the main and side tillers declined by 41 %, and individual grain weight declined by 45 % with heat stress applied at the double‐ridge stage and anthesis or at anthesis alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Harvest index fell from 0.53 to 0.33.
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat”
e0“The harvest index was reduced from 0.53 to 0.33”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat at double-ridge reduced leaf nitrogen content by 10%.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- double‐ridge stagee0
- Outcome
- Nitrogen contents in leavese0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 10 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat”
e0“Nitrogen contents in leaves were reduced by 10 % at the double‐ridge stage and by 25 % at anthesis”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat at anthesis reduced leaf nitrogen content by 25%.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- anthesise0
- Outcome
- Nitrogen contents in leavese0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 25 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat”
e0“Nitrogen contents in leaves were reduced by 10 % at the double‐ridge stage and by 25 % at anthesis”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat at double-ridge increased maximum CO2 assimilation rates throughout the season.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- heat stress at the double‐ridge stagee0
- Outcome
- maximum rates of CO 2 assimilatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat”
e0“The maximum rates of CO 2 assimilation increased with heat stress at the double‐ridge stage and higher rates were maintained throughout the growing season”
Claim · model-written summary
Double-ridge heat did not affect later growth or response to anthesis heat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- extreme heat event at the double‐ridge stagee0
- Outcome
- subsequent growth or the response of wheat to heat stress at anthesise0
- Direction
- does not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat”
e0“an extreme heat event at the double‐ridge stage does not affect subsequent growth or the response of wheat to heat stress at anthesis”
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See all 309 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.