Abstract
High temperature inhibits wheat grain filling. Polyamines (PAs) are closely associated with plant resistance caused by abiotic stress. However, little is known about the effect of PAs on the grain filling of wheat under heat stress. Two wheat varieties differing in heat resistance were used, and endogenous PAs levels were measured during grain filling under normal growth conditions outside the greenhouse (CK), artificially simulated high temperature (HT), artificially simulated high temperature plus exogenous application of spermine (HT + Spm) and artificially simulated high temperature plus spermidine (HT + Spd) treatments. Additionally, the variation of antioxidant enzymatic activities and osmotic adjustable substances content in grains was measured during grain filling. The results showed that compared with HT,HT + Spm and HT + Spd significantly increased grain weight of XC 6 (heat-resistant variety) by 19% and 5%, and XC 31 (heat-sensitive variety) by 31% and 34%, activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD)and catalase (CAT) and content of Spm, Spd, and proline (Pro) increased significantly, while putrescine (Put), malondialdehyde (MDA) and soluble sugar (SS)contentdecreased during grain filling; The correlation analysis showed that grain weight was negatively correlated with the content of PUT, MDA, Pro and activity of SOD and CAT and positively correlated with the content of Spd and activity of POD in grains. Our results indicated that exogenous Spm and Spd could alleviate the heat injury of grain filling.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
HT + Spm increased grain weight of heat-resistant wheat XC 6 by 19% compared with HT.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Material
- XC 6e1
- Treatment
- HT + Spme1
- Outcome
- grain weighte1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 19%e1
- Qualifier
- heat-resistant varietye1
- Comparator
- HTe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“compared with HT,HT + Spm and HT + Spd significantly increased grain weight of XC 6 (heat-resistant variety) by 19% and 5%”
t0“heat resistant wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
HT + Spd increased grain weight of heat-resistant wheat XC 6 by 5% compared with HT.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- XC 6e1
- Treatment
- HT + Spde1
- Outcome
- grain weighte1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 5%e1
- Qualifier
- heat-resistant varietye1
- Comparator
- HTe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“compared with HT,HT + Spm and HT + Spd significantly increased grain weight of XC 6 (heat-resistant variety) by 19% and 5%”
t0“heat resistant wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
HT + Spm increased grain weight of heat-sensitive wheat XC 31 by 31% compared with HT.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- XC 31e2
- Treatment
- HT + Spme1
- Outcome
- grain weighte1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 31%e2
- Qualifier
- heat-sensitive varietye2
- Comparator
- HTe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“compared with HT,HT + Spm and HT + Spd significantly increased grain weight of XC 6 (heat-resistant variety) by 19% and 5%”
e2“and XC 31 (heat-sensitive variety) by 31% and 34%”
t0“heat resistant wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
HT + Spd increased grain weight of heat-sensitive wheat XC 31 by 34% compared with HT.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- XC 31e2
- Treatment
- HT + Spde1
- Outcome
- grain weighte1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 34%e2
- Qualifier
- heat-sensitive varietye2
- Comparator
- HTe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“compared with HT,HT + Spm and HT + Spd significantly increased grain weight of XC 6 (heat-resistant variety) by 19% and 5%”
e2“and XC 31 (heat-sensitive variety) by 31% and 34%”
t0“heat resistant wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
HT + Spm and HT + Spd increased the activity of SOD, POD and CAT in wheat grains compared with HT during grain filling.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- grain fillinge3
- Treatment
- HT + Spm and HT + Spde1
- Outcome
- activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD)and catalase (CAT)e2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Comparator
- HTe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“compared with HT,HT + Spm and HT + Spd significantly increased grain weight of XC 6 (heat-resistant variety) by 19% and 5%”
e2“activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD)and catalase (CAT) and content of Spm, Spd, and proline (Pro) increased significantly”
e3“while putrescine (Put), malondialdehyde (MDA) and soluble sugar (SS)contentdecreased during grain filling”
t0“heat resistant wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
HT + Spm and HT + Spd increased the content of Spm, Spd and proline in wheat compared with HT during grain filling.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- grain fillinge3
- Treatment
- HT + Spm and HT + Spde1
- Outcome
- content of Spm, Spd, and proline (Pro)e2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Comparator
- HTe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“compared with HT,HT + Spm and HT + Spd significantly increased grain weight of XC 6 (heat-resistant variety) by 19% and 5%”
e2“activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD)and catalase (CAT) and content of Spm, Spd, and proline (Pro) increased significantly”
e3“while putrescine (Put), malondialdehyde (MDA) and soluble sugar (SS)contentdecreased during grain filling”
t0“heat resistant wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
HT + Spm and HT + Spd decreased the content of putrescine, malondialdehyde and soluble sugar in wheat compared with HT during grain filling.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- grain fillinge3
- Treatment
- HT + Spm and HT + Spde1
- Outcome
- putrescine (Put), malondialdehyde (MDA) and soluble sugar (SS)e3
- Direction
- decreasede3
- Comparator
- HTe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“compared with HT,HT + Spm and HT + Spd significantly increased grain weight of XC 6 (heat-resistant variety) by 19% and 5%”
e3“while putrescine (Put), malondialdehyde (MDA) and soluble sugar (SS)contentdecreased during grain filling”
t0“heat resistant wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain weight was negatively correlated with the content of putrescine, malondialdehyde and proline in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Compound
- PUT, MDA, Proe1
- Outcome
- grain weighte1
- Direction
- negatively correlatede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The correlation analysis showed that grain weight was negatively correlated with the content of PUT, MDA, Pro and activity of SOD and CAT”
t0“heat resistant wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain weight was negatively correlated with the activity of SOD and CAT in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Gene
- SOD and CATe1
- Outcome
- grain weighte1
- Direction
- negatively correlatede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The correlation analysis showed that grain weight was negatively correlated with the content of PUT, MDA, Pro and activity of SOD and CAT”
t0“heat resistant wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain weight was positively correlated with the content of Spd and the activity of POD in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Gene
- PODe2
- Compound
- Spde2
- Outcome
- grain weighte1
- Direction
- positively correlatede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The correlation analysis showed that grain weight was negatively correlated with the content of PUT, MDA, Pro and activity of SOD and CAT”
e2“positively correlated with the content of Spd and activity of POD in grains”
t0“heat resistant wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties”
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See all 12 papers →8 of 12 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.