Abstract
The grain weight of wheat is strongly influenced by filling. Polyamines (PA) are involved in regulating plant growth. However, the effects of PA on wheat grain filling and its mechanism of action are unclear. The objective of the present study was to investigate the relationship between PAs and hormones in the regulation of wheat grain filling. Three PAs, spermidine (Spd), spermine (Spm), and putrescine (Put), were exogenously applied, and the grain filling characteristics and changes in endogenous PA and hormones, i.e., indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), zeatin (Z) + zeatin riboside (ZR), abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene (ETH) and gibberellin 1+4 (GAs), were quantified during wheat grain filling. Exogenous applications of Spd and Spm significantly increased the grain filling rate and weight, but exogenous Put had no significant effects on these measures. Exogenous Spd and Spm significantly increased the endogenous Spd, Spm, Z+ZR, ABA, and IAA contents and significantly decreased ETH evolution in grains. The endogenous Spd, Spm and Z+ZR contents were positively and significantly correlated with the grain filling rate and weight of wheat, and the endogenous ETH evolution was negatively and significantly correlated with the wheat grain filling rate and weight. Based upon these results, we concluded that PAs were involved in the balance of hormones that regulated the grain filling of wheat.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous spermidine and spermine increased the grain filling rate and weight of wheat.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- Exogenous applications of Spd and Spme1
- Outcome
- grain filling rate and weighte1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The grain weight of wheat is strongly influenced by filling”
e1“Exogenous applications of Spd and Spm significantly increased the grain filling rate and weight”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous putrescine had no significant effect on grain filling rate and weight.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- exogenous Pute2
- Outcome
- grain filling rate and weighte1
- Direction
- no significant effectse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The grain weight of wheat is strongly influenced by filling”
e1“Exogenous applications of Spd and Spm significantly increased the grain filling rate and weight”
e2“exogenous Put had no significant effects on these measures”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous spermidine and spermine increased endogenous Spd, Spm and Z+ZR contents in wheat grain.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Exogenous Spd and Spme3
- Outcome
- endogenous Spd, Spm, Z+ZRe3
- Direction
- increasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The grain weight of wheat is strongly influenced by filling”
e3“Exogenous Spd and Spm significantly increased the endogenous Spd, Spm, Z+ZR, ABA, and IAA contents and significantly decreased ETH evolution in grains”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous spermidine and spermine increased endogenous ABA and IAA contents in wheat grain.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Exogenous Spd and Spme3
- Outcome
- ABA, and IAA contentse3
- Direction
- increasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The grain weight of wheat is strongly influenced by filling”
e3“Exogenous Spd and Spm significantly increased the endogenous Spd, Spm, Z+ZR, ABA, and IAA contents and significantly decreased ETH evolution in grains”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous spermidine and spermine decreased ETH evolution in wheat grains.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Exogenous Spd and Spme3
- Outcome
- ETH evolution in grainse3
- Direction
- decreasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The grain weight of wheat is strongly influenced by filling”
e3“Exogenous Spd and Spm significantly increased the endogenous Spd, Spm, Z+ZR, ABA, and IAA contents and significantly decreased ETH evolution in grains”
Claim · model-written summary
Endogenous Spd, Spm and Z+ZR contents are positively correlated with wheat grain filling rate and weight.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Compound
- Spd, Spm and Z+ZRe4
- Outcome
- grain filling rate and weighte4
- Direction
- positivelye4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The grain weight of wheat is strongly influenced by filling”
e4“The endogenous Spd, Spm and Z+ZR contents were positively and significantly correlated with the grain filling rate and weight of wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Endogenous ETH evolution is negatively correlated with wheat grain filling rate and weight.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Compound
- ETHe5
- Outcome
- grain filling rate and weighte5
- Direction
- negativelye5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The grain weight of wheat is strongly influenced by filling”
e5“the endogenous ETH evolution was negatively and significantly correlated with the wheat grain filling rate and weight”
Claim · model-written summary
Polyamines are likely involved in balancing the hormones that regulate wheat grain filling.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- the grain filling of wheate6
- Qualifier
- balance of hormonese6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The grain weight of wheat is strongly influenced by filling”
e6“PAs were involved in the balance of hormones that regulated the grain filling of wheat”
The same questions in other papers
putrescine · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
9 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →spermine · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
7 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →spermidine · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
8 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.