Claim · model-written summary
Lateral wind force resistance was higher in solitary than in dense-stand Xanthium canadense plants.
- Taxon
- Xanthium canadense
Xanthium strumarium var. canadensee1 - Treatment
- solitarily (S-plants)e1
- Outcome
- Lateral wind force resistancee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- in a dense stand (D-plants)e1
Not reportedMaterialGeneCompoundOrgan / stageInteractorInteractor roleSecond interactorSecond interactor roleSettingValueQualifier
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lateral wind force resistance was higher in S- than in D-plants, and increased with growth in S-plants”
e1“Xanthium canadense plants were grown either solitarily (S-plants) or in a dense stand (D-plants) until flowering”
Title
Stem extension and mechanical stability of Xanthium canadense grown in an open or in a dense stand
Ryoji Watari; Hisae Nagashima; Tadaki Hirose Annals of Botany 2014. doi:10.1093/aob/mcu088
Other claims from this paper (13)
- Intervention effect Internodes were longer in dense-stand Xanthium canadense plants than in solitary plants.
- Intervention effect Basal diameter did not differ significantly between dense-stand and solitary Xanthium canadense plants.
- Association Relative growth rates of internode length and diameter were negatively correlated with the volumetric solid fraction of the internode.
- Intervention effect Internode dry mass density was higher in solitary than in dense-stand Xanthium canadense plants.
- Intervention effect Young's modulus of elasticity and breaking stress were higher in dense-stand than in solitary Xanthium canadense plants.
- Observation Young's modulus of elasticity and breaking stress were higher in lower metamers of Xanthium canadense.
- Association Within a stand, Young's modulus and breaking stress were positively related to internode dry mass density in Xanthium canadense.
- Intervention effect The buckling safety factor was higher in solitary than in dense-stand Xanthium canadense plants.
- Observation Dense-stand Xanthium canadense plants approached the buckling limiting value of 1.
- Observation Lateral wind force resistance increased with growth in solitary Xanthium canadense plants.
- Mechanism Critical buckling height increased with height growth, mainly through stem stiffness and diameter and a lower crown/stem mass ratio.
- Mechanism Lateral wind force resistance was enhanced by increased tissue strength and diameter in Xanthium canadense.
- Mechanism Increasing tissue stiffness and strength with height growth plays a role in keeping a safety margin against mechanical failure in Xanthium canadense.