Abstract
The influence of depth (0 to 30 cm) and duration (1 to 24 months) of burial on the deterioration, germination, and viability of ripgut brome seed was studied in the field. Both surface-sown and buried ripgut brome seed were depleted within 15 months. Persistence of surface-sown seed declined relatively slowly during the first year, falling from 83 to 62 to 23% after 1, 9, and 12 months, respectively. Seed covered by soil, however, germinated more rapidly, with less than 10% of the initial population ungerminated after 1 month at all depths. The mode of seed disappearance was closely related to whether or not the seed was covered with soil. Seed loss at depths of 1 to 30 cm was primarily due to germination in situ, with little effect from viability loss or enforced or induced dormancy. In contrast, the persistence of surface-sown seed was due primarily to induced dormancy for up to 12 months, with viability loss and enforced dormancy becoming important thereafter. Tillage practices aimed at providing favorable germination conditions may reduce ripgut brome seed survival in the soil. Because seed is relatively short lived, seed supply in soil may be reduced by short-term rotation to a crop that allows for effective control of ripgut brome.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Surface-sown and buried ripgut brome seeds were depleted within 15 months.
- Taxon
- ripgut brome
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Bromus diandruse0 - Outcome
- seed were depletede0
- Value
- 15 monthse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Both surface-sown and buried ripgut brome seed were depleted within 15 months.”
Claim · model-written summary
Surface-sown seed persistence fell from 83 to 62 to 23% after 1, 9 and 12 months.
- Taxon
- Ripgut BromeBromus diandrust0
- Outcome
- Persistence of surface-sown seede0
- Direction
- declinede0
- Value
- 83 to 62 to 23%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Persistence of surface-sown seed declined relatively slowly during the first year, falling from 83 to 62 to 23% after 1, 9, and 12 months, respectively.”
t0“Ripgut Brome”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil-covered seed germinated more rapidly, leaving less than 10% ungerminated after one month at all depths.
- Taxon
- Ripgut BromeBromus diandrust0
- Treatment
- covered by soile0
- Outcome
- germinatede0
- Direction
- more rapidlye0
- Value
- less than 10%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed covered by soil, however, germinated more rapidly, with less than 10% of the initial population ungerminated after 1 month at all depths.”
t0“Ripgut Brome”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed disappearance depended on whether seed was covered with soil.
- Taxon
- Ripgut BromeBromus diandrust0
- Treatment
- covered with soile0
- Outcome
- mode of seed disappearancee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The mode of seed disappearance was closely related to whether or not the seed was covered with soil.”
t0“Ripgut Brome”
Claim · model-written summary
At 1 to 30 cm depth, seed loss was primarily due to in situ germination, with little contribution from viability loss or dormancy.
- Taxon
- Ripgut BromeBromus diandrust0
- Outcome
- Seed losse0
- Value
- 1 to 30 cme0
- Qualifier
- germination in situe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed loss at depths of 1 to 30 cm was primarily due to germination in situ, with little effect from viability loss or enforced or induced dormancy.”
t0“Ripgut Brome”
Claim · model-written summary
Up to 12 months, surface seed persistence was mainly due to induced dormancy.
- Taxon
- Ripgut BromeBromus diandrust0
- Outcome
- persistence of surface-sown seede0
- Qualifier
- induced dormancye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the persistence of surface-sown seed was due primarily to induced dormancy for up to 12 months”
t0“Ripgut Brome”
Claim · model-written summary
After 12 months, viability loss and enforced dormancy became important for surface-sown seed.
- Taxon
- Ripgut BromeBromus diandrust0
- Outcome
- viability loss and enforced dormancye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“viability loss and enforced dormancy becoming important thereafter”
t0“Ripgut Brome”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest tillage that favors germination may reduce ripgut brome seed survival.
- Taxon
- ripgut bromeBromus diandruse0
- Outcome
- reduce ripgut brome seed survival in the soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tillage practices aimed at providing favorable germination conditions may reduce ripgut brome seed survival in the soil.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest short-term rotation to a crop allowing effective ripgut brome control may reduce soil seed supply.
- Taxon
- ripgut bromeBromus diandruse0
- Outcome
- seed supply in soil may be reducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed supply in soil may be reduced by short-term rotation to a crop that allows for effective control of ripgut brome”