Abstract
Experiments were conducted to identify treatments that increased emergence of seeds of 24 woody plant species native to the lower Rio Grande Valley of southern Texas. Sulfuric acid (18.4M H2 SO4) scarification significantly increased emergence of huisache (Acacia smallii), huisachillo (A. schaffneri), Texas ebony (Pithecellobium flexicaule), tenaza (P. pallens), tepeguaje (Leucaena pulverulenta), retama (Parkinsonia aculeata), and western soapberry (Sapindus drummondii); treatments such as soaking in distilled water, gibberellic acid (0.3 or 1.4 mMol), or other scarification techniques were not as effective as acid. Fresh guajillo (A. berlandieri) seeds required no treatment, but 8-month-old seeds had higher emergence with acid scarification. Texas ebony emergence was higher from 10-month-old seed treated with acid than from fresh seeds. No pre-treatment seemed necessary for seeds of coral bean (Erythrina herbacea), Texas persimmon (Diospyros texana), sugarberry (Celtis laevigata), granjeno (C. pallida), pigeon-berry (Rivina humilis), Texas baby-bonnets (Coursetia axillaris), guajillo (A. berlandieri), and lotebush (Ziziphus obtusifolia). Results with blackbrush (A. rigidula), Wright's acacia (A. wrightii), rattlebush (Sesbania drummondii), guayacan (Guaiacum angustifolium), brasil (Condalia hookeri), elbowbush (Forestiera angustifolia), and anacua (Ehretia anacua) seeds were inconclusive. Plants of 16 woody species achieved mean heights of 25 cm in 45 to 150 days.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Sulfuric acid scarification significantly increased emergence of seven named species.
- Taxon
- woody plant speciese1
- Treatment
- Sulfuric acid (18.4M H2 SO4) scarificatione0
- Outcome
- emergencee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- huisache (Acacia smallii), huisachillo (A. schaffneri), Texas ebony (Pithecellobium flexicaule), tenaza (P. pallens), tepeguaje (Leucaena pulverulenta), retama (Parkinsonia aculeata), and western soapberry (Sapindus drummondii)e0
- Comparator
- soaking in distilled water, gibberellic acid (0.3 or 1.4 mMol), or other scarification techniquese0
Verbatim
e0“Sulfuric acid (18.4M H2 SO4) scarification significantly increased emergence of huisache (Acacia smallii), huisachillo (A. schaffneri), Texas ebony (Pithecellobium flexicaule), tenaza (P. pallens), tepeguaje (Leucaena pulverulenta), retama (Parkinsonia aculeata), and western soapberry (Sapindus drummondii); treatments such as soaking in distilled water, gibberellic acid (0.3 or 1.4 mMol), or other scarification techniques were not as effective as acid”
e1“woody plant species”
Claim · model-written summary
Fresh guajillo seeds needed no treatment for emergence.
Verbatim
e0“Fresh guajillo (A. berlandieri) seeds required no treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Acid scarification increased emergence of eight-month-old guajillo seed.
- Taxon
- guajilloe1
- Organ / stage
- 8-month-old seedse0
- Treatment
- acid scarificatione0
- Outcome
- emergencee0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“8-month-old seeds had higher emergence with acid scarification”
e1“Fresh guajillo (A. berlandieri) seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Acid-treated ten-month Texas ebony seed had higher emergence than fresh seed.
Verbatim
e0“Texas ebony emergence was higher from 10-month-old seed treated with acid than from fresh seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Eight named species appeared not to require seed pretreatment.
- Taxon
- woody plant speciese1
- Outcome
- No pre-treatment seemed necessarye0
- Qualifier
- coral bean (Erythrina herbacea), Texas persimmon (Diospyros texana), sugarberry (Celtis laevigata), granjeno (C. pallida), pigeon-berry (Rivina humilis), Texas baby-bonnets (Coursetia axillaris), guajillo (A. berlandieri), and lotebush (Ziziphus obtusifolia)e0
Verbatim
e0“No pre-treatment seemed necessary for seeds of coral bean (Erythrina herbacea), Texas persimmon (Diospyros texana), sugarberry (Celtis laevigata), granjeno (C. pallida), pigeon-berry (Rivina humilis), Texas baby-bonnets (Coursetia axillaris), guajillo (A. berlandieri), and lotebush (Ziziphus obtusifolia)”
e1“woody plant species”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed treatment results for seven named species were inconclusive.
Verbatim
e0“Results with blackbrush (A. rigidula), Wright's acacia (A. wrightii), rattlebush (Sesbania drummondii), guayacan (Guaiacum angustifolium), brasil (Condalia hookeri), elbowbush (Forestiera angustifolia), and anacua (Ehretia anacua) seeds were inconclusive”
e1“woody plant species”
Claim · model-written summary
Plants of sixteen woody species reached mean height 25 cm within 45 to 150 days.
Verbatim
e0“Plants of 16 woody species achieved mean heights of 25 cm in 45 to 150 days”