Abstract
The effect of Roundup on lemon trees (Citrus limon) was evaluated by repeatedly spraying 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.25, and 1.5 lb. a.i./acre (corresponding to 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.25, 1.5 quarts of Roundup Ultra/acre) on the bottom 20 to 24 inches of the tree canopies, over a three year period. The Roundup applications caused significant leaf injury in the sprayed area of the canopies and there was also significant defoliation of branches at the higher Roundup rates in all three years of the study. In 1996 after three Roundup applications, increasing rates of Roundup had no effect on flower or fruitlet production in either the sprayed or unsprayed portions of the tree canopies as judged by the counts collected from branches in each canopy zone. Similarly, in 1997 after five Roundup applications, and in 1998 after nine Roundup applications, increasing rates of Roundup had no effect on flower or fruitlet production in the sprayed or unsprayed portions of the tree canopies. Spraying Roundup on the bottom of the tree canopies did not reduce total lemon yield per tree in 1996, 1997 or 1998 at any of the application rates. In all three years of the study, increasing Roundup rates had no effect on the yield of the first or second ring picks or the percentage of the total crop picked on the first harvest date. Increasing Roundup rates also did not affect fruit size at any harvest date in 1996, 1997 or 1998. Similarly, increasing Roundup application rates did not affect fruit quality at any harvest in 1996, 1997 or 1998. Thus, there was no relationship between the rate of Roundup sprayed on the trees and yield, fruit size or quality in all three years of this study. The three years of data collected in this study indicate that accidental drift or inadvertent application of Roundup onto lemon trees when spraying weeds on the orchard floor has no significant effect on lemon tree productivity.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Roundup caused significant leaf injury in sprayed lemon canopy areas.
- Taxon
- lemon tree
Citrus ×limont0 - Organ / stage
- sprayed area of the canopiese0
- Treatment
- Roundup applicationse0
- Outcome
- leaf injurye0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Roundup applications caused significant leaf injury in the sprayed area of the canopies and there was also significant defoliation of branches at the higher Roundup rates in all three years of the study.”
t0“lemon tree”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher Roundup rates caused significant branch defoliation in all three years.
- Taxon
- lemon treeCitrus ×limont0
- Treatment
- higher Roundup ratese0
- Outcome
- defoliation of branchese0
- Qualifier
- in all three years of the studye0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Roundup applications caused significant leaf injury in the sprayed area of the canopies and there was also significant defoliation of branches at the higher Roundup rates in all three years of the study.”
t0“lemon tree”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing Roundup rates had no effect on lemon flower or fruitlet production in 1996.
- Taxon
- lemon treeCitrus ×limont0
- Treatment
- increasing rates of Roundupe0
- Outcome
- flower or fruitlet productione0
- Direction
- no effecte0
- Qualifier
- In 1996 after three Roundup applicationse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 1996 after three Roundup applications, increasing rates of Roundup had no effect on flower or fruitlet production in either the sprayed or unsprayed portions of the tree canopies”
t0“lemon tree”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing Roundup rates had no effect on lemon flower or fruitlet production in 1997 and 1998.
- Taxon
- lemon treeCitrus ×limont0
- Treatment
- increasing rates of Roundupe0
- Outcome
- flower or fruitlet productione0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in 1997 after five Roundup applications, and in 1998 after nine Roundup applications, increasing rates of Roundup had no effect on flower or fruitlet production in the sprayed or unsprayed portions of the tree canopies.”
t0“lemon tree”
Claim · model-written summary
Roundup spraying did not reduce total lemon yield per tree in 1996 to 1998 at any rate.
- Taxon
- lemonCitrus ×limone0
- Treatment
- Spraying Roundup on the bottom of the tree canopiese0
- Outcome
- total lemon yield per treee0
- Direction
- did not reducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spraying Roundup on the bottom of the tree canopies did not reduce total lemon yield per tree in 1996, 1997 or 1998 at any of the application rates.”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing Roundup rates had no effect on yield in the first or second ring picks.
- Taxon
- lemon treeCitrus ×limont0
- Treatment
- increasing Roundup ratese0
- Outcome
- yield of the first or second ring pickse0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In all three years of the study, increasing Roundup rates had no effect on the yield of the first or second ring picks or the percentage of the total crop picked on the first harvest date.”
t0“lemon tree”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing Roundup rates had no effect on the share of crop picked on the first harvest date.
- Taxon
- lemon treeCitrus ×limont0
- Treatment
- increasing Roundup ratese0
- Outcome
- percentage of the total crop picked on the first harvest datee0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In all three years of the study, increasing Roundup rates had no effect on the yield of the first or second ring picks or the percentage of the total crop picked on the first harvest date.”
t0“lemon tree”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing Roundup rates did not affect fruit size at any harvest date.
- Taxon
- lemon treeCitrus ×limont0
- Treatment
- Increasing Roundup ratese0
- Outcome
- fruit sizee0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing Roundup rates also did not affect fruit size at any harvest date in 1996, 1997 or 1998.”
t0“lemon tree”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing Roundup rates did not affect fruit quality at any harvest.
- Taxon
- lemon treeCitrus ×limont0
- Treatment
- increasing Roundup application ratese0
- Outcome
- fruit qualitye0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increasing Roundup application rates did not affect fruit quality at any harvest in 1996, 1997 or 1998.”
t0“lemon tree”
The same questions in other papers
application · yield · Citrus x limon (lemon)Positive and negative results
9 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.