Abstract
The effects of wounding oil glands of lemon [Citrus limon (L.) Burm.] fruit were investigated. Young mature-green lemons demonstrated significantly lower decay incidence than older yellow fruit when their oil glands were punctured in the presence of postharvest wound pathogen Penicillium digitatum Sacc. Contact with the released gland content on the green lemon surface reduced the viability of P. digitatum spores approximately twice. Wounding caused rapid production of limonene hydroperoxides that persisted for only a few minutes. The magnitude depended on the physiological maturity of the fruit; mature-green fruit produced much higher levels than did yellow lemons. Furthermore, wounding of the oil glands or injection of limonene hydroperoxides into the lemon peel elicited the production of the citrus fruit phytoalexins, scoparone and scopoletin, to levels known to be effective in reducing decay caused by P. digitatum. The mature-green fruit produced about twice as much of these phytoalexins as the older yellow fruit. This induced defensive elicitation of phytoalexin production, as well as the direct effects of these antifungal compounds, markedly inhibited the pathogen in mature-green fruits but was ineffective in older yellow ones.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Young mature-green punctured lemons had significantly lower decay incidence than older yellow fruit with P. digitatum present.
- Taxon
- lemons
Citrus ×limone0 - Organ / stage
- mature-greene0
- Interactor
- Penicillium digitatum Sacc.
Penicillium digitatume0pathogen - Outcome
- decay incidencee0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- older yellow fruite0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Young mature-green lemons demonstrated significantly lower decay incidence than older yellow fruit when their oil glands were punctured in the presence of postharvest wound pathogen Penicillium digitatum Sacc.”
Claim · model-written summary
Released oil-gland content on green lemon surfaces reduced P. digitatum spore viability about twofold.
- Taxon
- lemonCitrus ×limone0
- Treatment
- Contact with the released gland contente0
- Interactor
- P. digitatumPenicillium digitatume0pathogen
- Outcome
- viability of P. digitatum sporese0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- approximately twicee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Contact with the released gland content on the green lemon surface reduced the viability of P. digitatum spores approximately twice.”
Claim · model-written summary
Oil-gland wounding rapidly produced short-lived limonene hydroperoxides.
- Taxon
- LemonCitrus ×limont0
- Treatment
- Woundinge0
- Outcome
- production of limonene hydroperoxidese0
- Direction
- productione0
- Qualifier
- only a few minutese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wounding caused rapid production of limonene hydroperoxides that persisted for only a few minutes.”
t0“Lemon Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Mature-green fruit produced much more limonene hydroperoxides than yellow lemons.
- Taxon
- LemonCitrus ×limont0
- Organ / stage
- mature-green fruite0
- Outcome
- limonene hydroperoxidese1
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- yellow lemonse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mature-green fruit produced much higher levels than did yellow lemons”
e1“Wounding caused rapid production of limonene hydroperoxides”
t0“Lemon Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Oil-gland wounding elicited scoparone and scopoletin production in lemon peel.
- Treatment
- wounding of the oil glandse0
- Outcome
- production of the citrus fruit phytoalexins, scoparone and scopoletine0
- Direction
- elicitede0
CitrusNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wounding of the oil glands or injection of limonene hydroperoxides into the lemon peel elicited the production of the citrus fruit phytoalexins, scoparone and scopoletin”
Claim · model-written summary
Injection of limonene hydroperoxides elicited scoparone and scopoletin production in lemon peel.
- Taxon
- lemonCitrus ×limone0
- Treatment
- injection of limonene hydroperoxidese0
- Outcome
- production of the citrus fruit phytoalexins, scoparone and scopoletine0
- Direction
- elicitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“injection of limonene hydroperoxides into the lemon peel elicited the production of the citrus fruit phytoalexins, scoparone and scopoletin”
Claim · model-written summary
Mature-green lemons produced about twice as much of these phytoalexins as yellow fruit.
- Taxon
- LemonCitrus ×limont0
- Organ / stage
- mature-green fruite0
- Outcome
- these phytoalexinse0
- Direction
- twice as muche0
- Value
- about twice as muche0
- Comparator
- older yellow fruite0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The mature-green fruit produced about twice as much of these phytoalexins as the older yellow fruit.”
t0“Lemon Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Induced phytoalexins and their direct antifungal action inhibited P. digitatum in mature-green fruit.
- Taxon
- fruite0
- Organ / stage
- mature-green fruitse0
- Interactor
- P. digitatumPenicillium digitatume1pathogen
- Outcome
- inhibited the pathogene0
- Qualifier
- induced defensive elicitation of phytoalexin productione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This induced defensive elicitation of phytoalexin production, as well as the direct effects of these antifungal compounds, markedly inhibited the pathogen in mature-green fruits”
e1“viability of P. digitatum spores”
Claim · model-written summary
The defensive effects were ineffective in older yellow fruit.
- Taxon
- LemonCitrus ×limont0
- Organ / stage
- older yellow onese0
- Outcome
- phytoalexin productione1
- Direction
- ineffectivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but was ineffective in older yellow ones”
e1“phytoalexin production”
t0“Lemon Fruit”
The same questions in other papers
application · yield · Citrus x limon (lemon)Positive and negative results
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.