Abstract
Radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. Redondo Vermelho) seedlings were analyzed by light and scanning electron microscopy to characterize the anatomical and morphological changes caused by the exposure to 0.5 or 1.0 mM CdCl2 for 24, 48 and 72 h. The analyses showed changes in the anatomical and morphological characteristics of roots, stems and leaves of two-week-old seedlings. In all tissues, loss of cell turgidity was observed. Premature death with disintegration of the epidermis and an increase in number of root hairs were observed in roots exposed to the heavy metal. The stems of seedlings exposed to cadmium exhibited an increased number of cells in the cambial layer. The main effects observed in leaves were stomatal closure, increase in chloroplast size and number, followed by a decrease in number of chloroplasts in response to the metal toxicity. This study suggests that the anatomical and morphological changes observed in seedlings treated with CdCl2 were mainly caused by a decrease in water absorption due to the presence of this heavy metal. (Financial support by FAPESP, Brazil, and the British Council).
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium exposure changed anatomical and morphological characteristics of radish roots, stems and leaves.
- Taxon
- Raphanus sativus
Raphanus sativuse0 - Organ / stage
- roots, stems and leavese1
- Treatment
- exposure to 0.5 or 1.0 mM CdCl2 for 24, 48 and 72 he0
- Outcome
- anatomical and morphological characteristicse1
- Direction
- changese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. Redondo Vermelho) seedlings were analyzed by light and scanning electron microscopy to characterize the anatomical and morphological changes caused by the exposure to 0.5 or 1.0 mM CdCl2 for 24, 48 and 72 h”
e1“The analyses showed changes in the anatomical and morphological characteristics of roots, stems and leaves of two-week-old seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium exposure caused loss of cell turgidity in all tissues of radish seedlings.
- Taxon
- Raphanus sativusRaphanus sativuse0
- Treatment
- exposure to 0.5 or 1.0 mM CdCl2 for 24, 48 and 72 he0
- Outcome
- loss of cell turgiditye2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. Redondo Vermelho) seedlings were analyzed by light and scanning electron microscopy to characterize the anatomical and morphological changes caused by the exposure to 0.5 or 1.0 mM CdCl2 for 24, 48 and 72 h”
e2“In all tissues, loss of cell turgidity was observed”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium-exposed radish roots showed premature death with disintegration of the epidermis.
- Taxon
- Raphanus sativusRaphanus sativuse0
- Organ / stage
- rootse3
- Treatment
- exposed to the heavy metale3
- Outcome
- premature death with disintegration of the epidermise3
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. Redondo Vermelho) seedlings were analyzed by light and scanning electron microscopy to characterize the anatomical and morphological changes caused by the exposure to 0.5 or 1.0 mM CdCl2 for 24, 48 and 72 h”
e3“Premature death with disintegration of the epidermis and an increase in number of root hairs were observed in roots exposed to the heavy metal”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium-exposed radish roots showed an increase in number of root hairs.
- Taxon
- Raphanus sativusRaphanus sativuse0
- Organ / stage
- rootse3
- Treatment
- exposed to the heavy metale3
- Outcome
- number of root hairse3
- Direction
- increasee3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. Redondo Vermelho) seedlings were analyzed by light and scanning electron microscopy to characterize the anatomical and morphological changes caused by the exposure to 0.5 or 1.0 mM CdCl2 for 24, 48 and 72 h”
e3“Premature death with disintegration of the epidermis and an increase in number of root hairs were observed in roots exposed to the heavy metal”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium-exposed radish stems showed an increased number of cells in the cambial layer.
- Taxon
- Raphanus sativusRaphanus sativuse0
- Organ / stage
- cambial layere4
- Treatment
- exposed to cadmiume4
- Outcome
- number of cellse4
- Direction
- increasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. Redondo Vermelho) seedlings were analyzed by light and scanning electron microscopy to characterize the anatomical and morphological changes caused by the exposure to 0.5 or 1.0 mM CdCl2 for 24, 48 and 72 h”
e4“The stems of seedlings exposed to cadmium exhibited an increased number of cells in the cambial layer”
Claim · model-written summary
Metal toxicity caused stomatal closure in radish leaves.
- Taxon
- Raphanus sativusRaphanus sativuse0
- Organ / stage
- leavese5
- Treatment
- metal toxicitye5
- Outcome
- stomatal closuree5
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. Redondo Vermelho) seedlings were analyzed by light and scanning electron microscopy to characterize the anatomical and morphological changes caused by the exposure to 0.5 or 1.0 mM CdCl2 for 24, 48 and 72 h”
e5“The main effects observed in leaves were stomatal closure, increase in chloroplast size and number, followed by a decrease in number of chloroplasts in response to the metal toxicity”
Claim · model-written summary
Metal toxicity increased chloroplast size and number in radish leaves.
- Taxon
- Raphanus sativusRaphanus sativuse0
- Organ / stage
- leavese5
- Treatment
- metal toxicitye5
- Outcome
- chloroplast size and numbere5
- Direction
- increasee5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. Redondo Vermelho) seedlings were analyzed by light and scanning electron microscopy to characterize the anatomical and morphological changes caused by the exposure to 0.5 or 1.0 mM CdCl2 for 24, 48 and 72 h”
e5“The main effects observed in leaves were stomatal closure, increase in chloroplast size and number, followed by a decrease in number of chloroplasts in response to the metal toxicity”
Claim · model-written summary
Metal toxicity decreased the number of chloroplasts in radish leaves.
- Taxon
- Raphanus sativusRaphanus sativuse0
- Organ / stage
- leavese5
- Treatment
- metal toxicitye5
- Outcome
- number of chloroplastse5
- Direction
- decreasee5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. Redondo Vermelho) seedlings were analyzed by light and scanning electron microscopy to characterize the anatomical and morphological changes caused by the exposure to 0.5 or 1.0 mM CdCl2 for 24, 48 and 72 h”
e5“The main effects observed in leaves were stomatal closure, increase in chloroplast size and number, followed by a decrease in number of chloroplasts in response to the metal toxicity”
Claim · model-written summary
Anatomical and morphological changes under cadmium are mainly attributed to decreased water absorption caused by the metal.
- Taxon
- Raphanus sativusRaphanus sativuse0
- Outcome
- anatomical and morphological changese6
- Qualifier
- decrease in water absorption due to the presence of this heavy metale6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. Redondo Vermelho) seedlings were analyzed by light and scanning electron microscopy to characterize the anatomical and morphological changes caused by the exposure to 0.5 or 1.0 mM CdCl2 for 24, 48 and 72 h”
e6“This study suggests that the anatomical and morphological changes observed in seedlings treated with CdCl2 were mainly caused by a decrease in water absorption due to the presence of this heavy metal”
The same questions in other papers
heavy metal · growth · Raphanus sativus (radish)Positive and negative results
15 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
13 papers more in this group
See all 17 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.