Abstract
The present study has been carried out with the intention of elucidating the physiological action of thiamine in higher plants and the methods of its utilization for culti-vating garden crops. The main materials were: sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas LAM.), potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L1NN. ), and kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris LINN. ). (1) Thiamine application at moderate concentration promotes the germination of seeds or increases the germination rate of old seeds. (2) In the germinating seeds the thiamine stored is transformed from free form to ester form and is consumed in the dark nearly in parallel to the decrease of dry weight. By the artificial application of thiamine, the rate of respiration is remarkably increased. (3) The thiamine content of old seeds is decreased nearly in proportion to the time elapsed; the rate of germination is closely related to the thiamine content. (4) Foliar thiamine spray at moderate concentration is effective for the initiation and development of root, flower bud differentiation, and the increase of the yield of crops; larger tubers and weighty pods were produced and the flavor of crops was improved. (5) The optimum concentration of thiamine solution for seed soaking, as well as for foliar spray, lies at 1 ppm or thereabouts. Spraying is more effective in the first half than in the latter half of the growing period of plants. (6) Under unfavorable conditions of light, temperature, and fertilizer, the thiamine application is especially effective for the growth of plants. (7) When applied in optimum quantity, phosphorus is the most effective of the three fertilizer elements, i. e. nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, for the thiamine activity in plants. (8) The foliar thiamine spray combined with a low concentration sugar solution is more effective than the individual sprays. (9) Foliar thiamine spray mixed with acidic agricultural chemicals is desirable; alkaline chemicals decrease the thiamine stability remarkably. (10) The foliar thiamine spray at moderate concentration increases the sugar, starch, and thiamine contents of crops, and raises the C-N ratio of plants. (11) The thiamine sprayed on leaves is absorbed by plants in a short time, and is mostly accumulated in the parts of high metabolic activity. (12) A greater part of the thiamine absorbed by leaves is its free form, but a part is transformed to the ester form as time elapses. (13) Foliar thiamine spray at moderate concentration promotes the transpiration, the water absorption, the photosynthesis and the respiration of plants, and makes the values of respiratory quotient to approach to 1. 0. (14) Some thiamine deficiency in the actively metabolic portion of plants, especially in the early growing period, seems to be responsible for the smoothing effects of thiamine through sugar metabolism.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by-nc-nd. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Thiamine application at moderate concentration promotes seed germination and increases the germination rate of old seeds.
- Taxon
- garden cropst0
- Treatment
- Thiamine application at moderate concentratione0
- Outcome
- germination of seedse0
- Direction
- promotese0
- Qualifier
- increases the germination rate of old seedse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Thiamine application at moderate concentration promotes the germination of seeds or increases the germination rate of old seeds”
t0“IN SOME GARDEN CROPS”
Claim · model-written summary
Stored thiamine in germinating seeds is transformed from free form to ester form.
Verbatim
e0“In the germinating seeds the thiamine stored is transformed from free form to ester form and is consumed in the dark nearly in parallel to the decrease of dry weight”
t0“IN SOME GARDEN CROPS”
Claim · model-written summary
In germinating seeds, thiamine is consumed in the dark nearly in parallel to a decrease of dry weight.
Verbatim
e0“In the germinating seeds the thiamine stored is transformed from free form to ester form and is consumed in the dark nearly in parallel to the decrease of dry weight”
t0“IN SOME GARDEN CROPS”
Claim · model-written summary
Artificial application of thiamine remarkably increased the rate of respiration.
- Taxon
- garden cropst0
- Treatment
- artificial application of thiaminee0
- Outcome
- rate of respiratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“By the artificial application of thiamine, the rate of respiration is remarkably increased”
t0“IN SOME GARDEN CROPS”
Claim · model-written summary
Thiamine content of old seeds decreased nearly in proportion to elapsed time, and germination rate is closely related to thiamine content.
Verbatim
e0“The thiamine content of old seeds is decreased nearly in proportion to the time elapsed; the rate of germination is closely related to the thiamine content”
t0“IN SOME GARDEN CROPS”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar thiamine spray at moderate concentration is effective for initiation and development of roots and flower bud differentiation.
- Taxon
- garden cropst0
- Treatment
- Foliar thiamine spray at moderate concentratione0
- Outcome
- initiation and development of root, flower bud differentiatione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“Foliar thiamine spray at moderate concentration is effective for the initiation and development of root, flower bud differentiation, and the increase of the yield of crops; larger tubers and weighty pods were produced and the flavor of crops was improved”
t0“IN SOME GARDEN CROPS”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar thiamine spray at moderate concentration increased crop yield; larger tubers and weighty pods were produced.
- Taxon
- garden cropst0
- Treatment
- Foliar thiamine spray at moderate concentratione0
- Outcome
- yield of cropse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- larger tubers and weighty pods were producede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Foliar thiamine spray at moderate concentration is effective for the initiation and development of root, flower bud differentiation, and the increase of the yield of crops; larger tubers and weighty pods were produced and the flavor of crops was improved”
t0“IN SOME GARDEN CROPS”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar thiamine spray at moderate concentration improved the flavor of crops.
- Taxon
- garden cropst0
- Treatment
- Foliar thiamine spray at moderate concentratione0
- Outcome
- the flavor of cropse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Foliar thiamine spray at moderate concentration is effective for the initiation and development of root, flower bud differentiation, and the increase of the yield of crops; larger tubers and weighty pods were produced and the flavor of crops was improved”
t0“IN SOME GARDEN CROPS”
Claim · model-written summary
The optimum thiamine solution concentration for seed soaking and foliar spray is about 1 ppm.
Verbatim
e0“The optimum concentration of thiamine solution for seed soaking, as well as for foliar spray, lies at 1 ppm or thereabouts”
t0“IN SOME GARDEN CROPS”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar thiamine spray is more effective in the first half of the growing period than in the latter half.
Verbatim
e0“Spraying is more effective in the first half than in the latter half of the growing period of plants”
t0“IN SOME GARDEN CROPS”
Claim · model-written summary
Under unfavorable light, temperature and fertilizer conditions, thiamine application is especially effective for plant growth.
- Taxon
- garden cropst0
- Treatment
- the thiamine applicatione0
- Outcome
- growth of plantse0
- Qualifier
- Under unfavorable conditions of light, temperature, and fertilizere0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“Under unfavorable conditions of light, temperature, and fertilizer, the thiamine application is especially effective for the growth of plants”
t0“IN SOME GARDEN CROPS”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus is the most effective of the three fertilizer elements for thiamine activity in plants when applied in optimum quantity.
Verbatim
e0“When applied in optimum quantity, phosphorus is the most effective of the three fertilizer elements, i. e. nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, for the thiamine activity in plants”
t0“IN SOME GARDEN CROPS”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar thiamine spray combined with a low concentration sugar solution is more effective than the individual sprays.
Verbatim
e0“The foliar thiamine spray combined with a low concentration sugar solution is more effective than the individual sprays”
t0“IN SOME GARDEN CROPS”
Claim · model-written summary
Alkaline chemicals decrease thiamine stability remarkably; mixing foliar thiamine spray with acidic chemicals is desirable.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar thiamine spray mixed with acidic agricultural chemicals is desirable; alkaline chemicals decrease the thiamine stability remarkably”
t0“IN SOME GARDEN CROPS”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar thiamine spray at moderate concentration increases sugar, starch and thiamine contents of crops and raises the C-N ratio of plants.
- Taxon
- garden cropst0
- Treatment
- foliar thiamine spray at moderate concentratione0
- Compound
- thiaminee0
- Outcome
- sugar, starch, and thiamine contentse0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Qualifier
- raises the C-N ratio of plantse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The foliar thiamine spray at moderate concentration increases the sugar, starch, and thiamine contents of crops, and raises the C-N ratio of plants”
t0“IN SOME GARDEN CROPS”
Claim · model-written summary
Thiamine sprayed on leaves is absorbed by plants in a short time and mostly accumulates in parts of high metabolic activity.
Verbatim
e0“The thiamine sprayed on leaves is absorbed by plants in a short time, and is mostly accumulated in the parts of high metabolic activity”
t0“IN SOME GARDEN CROPS”
Claim · model-written summary
Most thiamine absorbed by leaves remains in free form, and a part is transformed to the ester form over time.
Verbatim
e0“A greater part of the thiamine absorbed by leaves is its free form, but a part is transformed to the ester form as time elapses”
t0“IN SOME GARDEN CROPS”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar thiamine spray at moderate concentration promotes transpiration, water absorption and photosynthesis of plants and promotes respiration.
- Taxon
- garden cropst0
- Treatment
- Foliar thiamine spray at moderate concentratione0
- Outcome
- transpiration, the water absorption, the photosynthesise0
- Direction
- promotese0
- Qualifier
- and the respiration of plantse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Foliar thiamine spray at moderate concentration promotes the transpiration, the water absorption, the photosynthesis and the respiration of plants, and makes the values of respiratory quotient to approach to 1. 0”
t0“IN SOME GARDEN CROPS”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar thiamine spray at moderate concentration makes the respiratory quotient approach 1.0.
- Taxon
- garden cropst0
- Treatment
- Foliar thiamine spray at moderate concentratione0
- Outcome
- respiratory quotiente0
- Direction
- approache0
- Value
- 1. 0e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Foliar thiamine spray at moderate concentration promotes the transpiration, the water absorption, the photosynthesis and the respiration of plants, and makes the values of respiratory quotient to approach to 1. 0”
t0“IN SOME GARDEN CROPS”
Claim · model-written summary
Thiamine deficiency in the actively metabolic portion of plants seems to be responsible for the smoothing effects of thiamine through sugar metabolism.
Verbatim
e0“Some thiamine deficiency in the actively metabolic portion of plants, especially in the early growing period, seems to be responsible for the smoothing effects of thiamine through sugar metabolism”
t0“IN SOME GARDEN CROPS”