Abstract
In many salt-sensitive species, elevated concentrations of Ca in the root growth media ameliorate part of the shoot growth reduction caused by NaCl stress. The physiological mechanisms by which Ca exerts protective effects on leaf growth are still not understood. Understanding growth inhibition caused by a stress necessitates locating the leaf expansion region and quantifying the profile of the growth reduction. This will enable comparisons and correlations with spatial gradients of probable physiologically inhibiting factors. In this work we applied the methods of growth kinematics to analyze the effects of elevated Ca concentrations on the spatial and temporal distributions of growth within the intercalary expanding region of salinized sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench, cv NK 265) leaves. NaCl (100 mM) caused a decrease in leaf elongation rate by shortening the leaf growing zone by 20%, as well as reducing the peak value of the longitudinal relative elemental growth rate (REG rate). Increasing the Ca concentrations from 1 to 10 mM restored the length of the growing zone of both emerged and unemerged salinized leaves and increased the peak value of the REG rate. The beneficial effects of supplemental Ca were, however, more pronounced in leaves after their appearance above the whorl of encircling older leaf sheaths. Elevated Ca then resulted in a peak value of REG rate higher than in the salinized leaves. The peak value of unemerged leaves was not increased, although it was maintained over a longer distance. The duration of elongation growth associated with a cell during its displacement from the leaf base was longer in salinized than control leaves, despite the fact that the elongation zone was shorter in salinity. Although partially restoring the length of the elongation region, supplemental Ca had no effect on the age of cessation of growth. Elongation of a tissue element, therefore, ceased when a cellular element reached a certain age and not a specific distance from the leaf base.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl reduced sorghum leaf elongation rate.
- Material
- cv NK 265e0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- NaCl (100 mM)e1
- Outcome
- leaf elongation ratee1
- Direction
- decreasee1
SorghumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salinized sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench, cv NK 265) leaves”
e1“NaCl (100 mM) caused a decrease in leaf elongation rate”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl shortened the sorghum leaf growing zone by 20%.
- Material
- cv NK 265e0
- Treatment
- NaCl (100 mM)e2
- Outcome
- leaf growing zonee1
- Direction
- shorteninge1
- Value
- 20%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salinized sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench, cv NK 265) leaves”
e1“shortening the leaf growing zone by 20%”
e2“NaCl (100 mM) caused a decrease”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl reduced peak longitudinal relative elemental growth rate.
- Treatment
- NaCl (100 mM)e2
- Outcome
- peak value of the longitudinal relative elemental growth ratee1
- Direction
- reducinge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salinized sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench, cv NK 265) leaves”
e1“reducing the peak value of the longitudinal relative elemental growth rate (REG rate)”
e2“NaCl (100 mM)”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing calcium from 1 to 10 mM restored growing-zone length in emerged salinized leaves.
- Organ / stage
- emergede1
- Treatment
- Increasing the Ca concentrations from 1 to 10 mMe1
- Outcome
- length of the growing zonee1
- Direction
- restorede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salinized sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench, cv NK 265) leaves”
e1“Increasing the Ca concentrations from 1 to 10 mM restored the length of the growing zone of both emerged and unemerged salinized leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing calcium from 1 to 10 mM restored growing-zone length in unemerged salinized leaves.
- Organ / stage
- unemergede1
- Treatment
- Increasing the Ca concentrations from 1 to 10 mMe1
- Outcome
- length of the growing zonee1
- Direction
- restorede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salinized sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench, cv NK 265) leaves”
e1“Increasing the Ca concentrations from 1 to 10 mM restored the length of the growing zone of both emerged and unemerged salinized leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplemental calcium increased peak relative elemental growth rate in emerged leaves above the salinized level.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salinized sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench, cv NK 265) leaves”
e1“Elevated Ca then resulted in a peak value of REG rate higher than in the salinized leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
In unemerged leaves, calcium did not increase peak growth rate but maintained it over a longer distance.
- Treatment
- supplemental Cae2
- Outcome
- peak value of unemerged leavese1
- Direction
- not increasede1
- Qualifier
- maintained over a longer distancee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salinized sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench, cv NK 265) leaves”
e1“The peak value of unemerged leaves was not increased, although it was maintained over a longer distance”
e2“Although partially restoring the length of the elongation region, supplemental Ca”
Claim · model-written summary
Cell-associated elongation lasted longer in salinized than control leaves.
- Treatment
- salinizede1
- Outcome
- duration of elongation growth associated with a celle1
- Direction
- longere1
- Comparator
- control leavese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salinized sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench, cv NK 265) leaves”
e1“The duration of elongation growth associated with a cell during its displacement from the leaf base was longer in salinized than control leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplemental calcium had no effect on the age when growth ceased.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salinized sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench, cv NK 265) leaves”
e1“supplemental Ca had no effect on the age of cessation of growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Tissue elongation ceased at a particular cell age rather than distance from leaf base.
- Outcome
- Elongation of a tissue elemente1
- Qualifier
- a certain age and not a specific distance from the leaf basee1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salinized sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench, cv NK 265) leaves”
e1“Elongation of a tissue element, therefore, ceased when a cellular element reached a certain age and not a specific distance from the leaf base”
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See all 89 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.