Abstract
Copper induced antioxidative reactions in the roots of Brassica juncea L. were investigated in both time-and concentration-dependent manners. The rapid uptake of Cu was observed immediately after the start of treatment. Application of Cu at 8µM caused 50 percent reduction in biomass of Cu-treated roots as compared with control. Cu-induced root growth inhibition paralleled the level of root oxidative damage. Treatment with Cu at 8µM induced a twofold increase in H2O2 content during the first 4 d, but it declined to the basal level thereafter. We also observed a twofold increase in superoxide dismutase activities with 8µM Cu during the first 2 d. The stimulation lasted for 4 d and then gradually declined. Activities of both ascorbate peroxidase and guaiacol peroxidase in roots were found to be low during the first 4 d after seedling exposure to 8µM Cu, but significantly increased after that, suggesting that increased enzyme activities would be responsible for the removal of H2O2. Catalase activities were always suppressed under Cu stress. Treatment of seedlings with 8µM Cu induced general decreases in both reduced ascorbate and dehydroascorbate. The reduced glutathione content decreased at early stages of Cu treatment. However, it was restored to the level of controls thereafter. In contrast, the oxidized glutathione contents showed a progressive increase during the time of Cu treatment. The total non-protein thiol content was shown to increase during the first several days, but it declined at later stages.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Copper was taken up rapidly by the roots as soon as treatment started.
- Taxon
- Brassica juncea
Brassica junceat0 - Outcome
- uptake of Cue1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica juncea”
e1“The rapid uptake of Cu was observed immediately after the start of treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Cu at 8µM reduced root biomass by 50 percent compared with control.
- Taxon
- Brassica junceaBrassica junceat0
- Treatment
- Cu at 8µMe2
- Outcome
- biomass of Cu-treated rootse2
- Direction
- reductione2
- Value
- 50 percente2
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica juncea”
e2“Application of Cu at 8µM caused 50 percent reduction in biomass of Cu-treated roots as compared with control”
Claim · model-written summary
Cu-induced root growth inhibition paralleled the level of root oxidative damage.
- Taxon
- Brassica junceaBrassica junceat0
- Treatment
- Cue3
- Outcome
- root growth inhibitione3
- Qualifier
- paralleled the level of root oxidative damagee3
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica juncea”
e3“Cu-induced root growth inhibition paralleled the level of root oxidative damage”
Claim · model-written summary
Cu at 8µM induced a twofold increase in root H2O2 content during the first 4 days.
- Taxon
- Brassica junceaBrassica junceat0
- Treatment
- Cu at 8µMe4
- Outcome
- H2O2 contente4
- Direction
- increasee4
- Value
- twofolde4
- Qualifier
- during the first 4 de4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica juncea”
e4“Treatment with Cu at 8µM induced a twofold increase in H2O2 content during the first 4 d”
Claim · model-written summary
H2O2 content declined to the basal level after the first 4 days of Cu treatment.
- Taxon
- Brassica junceaBrassica junceat0
- Treatment
- Cu at 8µMe4
- Outcome
- H2O2 contente4
- Direction
- declinede5
- Comparator
- basal levele5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica juncea”
e4“Treatment with Cu at 8µM induced a twofold increase in H2O2 content during the first 4 d”
e5“but it declined to the basal level thereafter”
Claim · model-written summary
Cu at 8µM doubled superoxide dismutase activity during the first 2 days.
- Taxon
- Brassica junceaBrassica junceat0
- Treatment
- 8µM Cue6
- Outcome
- superoxide dismutase activitiese6
- Direction
- increasee6
- Value
- twofolde6
- Qualifier
- during the first 2 de6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica juncea”
e6“We also observed a twofold increase in superoxide dismutase activities with 8µM Cu during the first 2 d”
Claim · model-written summary
The superoxide dismutase stimulation under Cu lasted 4 days and then declined.
- Taxon
- Brassica junceaBrassica junceat0
- Treatment
- 8µM Cue6
- Outcome
- superoxide dismutase activitiese6
- Direction
- declinede7
- Qualifier
- The stimulation lasted for 4 de7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica juncea”
e6“We also observed a twofold increase in superoxide dismutase activities with 8µM Cu during the first 2 d”
e7“The stimulation lasted for 4 d and then gradually declined”
Claim · model-written summary
Cu at 8µM significantly increased ascorbate peroxidase and guaiacol peroxidase activities in roots after the first 4 days.
- Taxon
- Brassica junceaBrassica junceat0
- Organ / stage
- rootse7
- Treatment
- 8µM Cue7
- Outcome
- ascorbate peroxidase and guaiacol peroxidasee7
- Direction
- significantly increasede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica juncea”
e7“Activities of both ascorbate peroxidase and guaiacol peroxidase in roots were found to be low during the first 4 d after seedling exposure to 8µM Cu, but significantly increased after that”
Claim · model-written summary
Ascorbate peroxidase and guaiacol peroxidase activities in roots were low during the first 4 days of Cu exposure.
- Taxon
- Brassica junceaBrassica junceat0
- Organ / stage
- rootse7
- Treatment
- 8µM Cue7
- Outcome
- ascorbate peroxidase and guaiacol peroxidasee7
- Direction
- lowe7
- Qualifier
- during the first 4 de7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica juncea”
e7“Activities of both ascorbate peroxidase and guaiacol peroxidase in roots were found to be low during the first 4 d after seedling exposure to 8µM Cu, but significantly increased after that”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper stress suppressed catalase activity throughout.
- Taxon
- Brassica junceaBrassica junceat0
- Treatment
- Cu stresse7
- Outcome
- Catalase activitiese7
- Direction
- suppressede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica juncea”
e7“Catalase activities were always suppressed under Cu stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Cu at 8µM generally decreased reduced ascorbate and dehydroascorbate.
- Taxon
- Brassica junceaBrassica junceat0
- Treatment
- 8µM Cue7
- Outcome
- reduced ascorbate and dehydroascorbatee7
- Direction
- decreasese7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica juncea”
e7“Treatment of seedlings with 8µM Cu induced general decreases in both reduced ascorbate and dehydroascorbate”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced glutathione content decreased at early stages of Cu treatment.
- Taxon
- Brassica junceaBrassica junceat0
- Treatment
- Cu treatmente6
- Outcome
- reduced glutathione contente6
- Direction
- decreasede6
- Qualifier
- at early stagese6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica juncea”
e6“The reduced glutathione content decreased at early stages of Cu treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced glutathione content was restored to the control level after the early stages of Cu treatment.
- Taxon
- Brassica junceaBrassica junceat0
- Treatment
- Cu treatmente6
- Outcome
- reduced glutathione contente6
- Direction
- restorede7
- Comparator
- controlse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica juncea”
e6“The reduced glutathione content decreased at early stages of Cu treatment”
e7“However, it was restored to the level of controls thereafter”
Claim · model-written summary
Oxidized glutathione content showed a progressive increase during Cu treatment.
- Taxon
- Brassica junceaBrassica junceat0
- Treatment
- Cu treatmente7
- Outcome
- oxidized glutathione contentse7
- Direction
- progressive increasee7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica juncea”
e7“In contrast, the oxidized glutathione contents showed a progressive increase during the time of Cu treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Total non-protein thiol content increased during the first several days of Cu treatment.
- Taxon
- Brassica junceaBrassica junceat0
- Outcome
- total non-protein thiol contente7
- Direction
- increasee7
- Qualifier
- during the first several dayse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica juncea”
e7“The total non-protein thiol content was shown to increase during the first several days, but it declined at later stages”
Claim · model-written summary
Total non-protein thiol content declined at later stages of Cu treatment.
- Taxon
- Brassica junceaBrassica junceat0
- Outcome
- total non-protein thiol contente7
- Direction
- declinede7
- Qualifier
- at later stagese7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica juncea”
e7“The total non-protein thiol content was shown to increase during the first several days, but it declined at later stages”
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1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.