Abstract
One hundred and ninety eight groundnut samples were collected from freshly harvested groundnuts (FHG), farmer storage systems (FSS), middlemen warehouses (MW), wholesalers (WS) and retailer sample (RS) during the dry and wet seasons from Cidolog, Cianjur, Sukabumi and Bogor, West Java, Indonesia, in 1990/1991. The moisture content (m.c.), intactness of kernels, and the percentages of groundnut kernels infected by each species of fungi were analyzed. In genera), the m.c. of the samples collected during the dry season was lower than of those collected during the wet season. Also, the m.c. of samples collected from FHG, FSS and MW was higher than of those collected from WS and RS. The m.c. of samples collected from FHG was the highest (12.5-45.75%), but the percentages of damaged kernels were the lowest (2.5-13.8%), because the samples were shelled manually. A total of 25 species of fungi were isolated from samples collected from the 4 localities. They were Acremonium strictum, Aspergillus candidus, A. flavus, A. niger, A. ochraceus, A. tamarii, A. wentii, Botryodiplodia theobromae, Cladosporium cladosporioides, C. sphaerospermum, Eumtium chevalieri, E. repens, E. rubrum, Fusarium equiseti, F. longipes, F. oxysporum, F. semitectum, Mucor sp., Papulaspora sp., Pestalotia sp., Penicillium aethiopicum, P. citrinum, Rhizapus sp., R. stolonifer and Syncephalastrum sp. The predominant fungi in samples collected from Cidolog and Sukabumi during the dry season were Aspergillus wentii, while those collected from Cianjur and Bogor were A. niger. The percentages of kernels infected by A. wentii in samples collected from Cidolog and Sukabumi were between 30-100% and 36-100%, respectively, while those of kernels infected by A. nigerin samples collected from Cianjur and Bogor were between 34-93% and 14-98%, respectively. The predominant fungi in samples collected from each location during the wet season were A. flavus. The percentage of kernels infected by the fungus in samples collected from Bogor was the highest (83-100%). Key words: Indonesia/West Java/Stored product pests/Groundnut/Fungi/Acremonium strictum/Aspergillussp./Botryodiplodia theobromae/Cladosporium sp./Eurotium sp./Fusarium sp./Mucor sp./Papulasporasp./Pestalotia sp./SPenicillum sp/Rhizopus sp./Syncephalastrum sp./Moisture content.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Groundnut moisture was lower in the dry season than wet season.
Verbatim
e0“the m.c. of the samples collected during the dry season was lower than of those collected during the wet season”
t0“GROUNDNUTS”
Claim · model-written summary
Moisture was higher in freshly harvested, farmer storage and middlemen samples than wholesale and retail samples.
Verbatim
e0“the m.c. of samples collected from FHG, FSS and MW was higher than of those collected from WS and RS”
t0“GROUNDNUTS”
Claim · model-written summary
Freshly harvested groundnuts had the highest moisture, 12.5-45.75%.
Verbatim
e0“The m.c. of samples collected from FHG was the highest (12.5-45.75%)”
t0“GROUNDNUTS”
Claim · model-written summary
Freshly harvested samples had the lowest damaged-kernel percentage, 2.5-13.8%.
Verbatim
e0“percentages of damaged kernels were the lowest (2.5-13.8%)”
t0“GROUNDNUTS”
Claim · model-written summary
Twenty-five fungal species were isolated from groundnut samples.
Verbatim
e0“A total of 25 species of fungi were isolated from samples collected from the 4 localities”
t0“GROUNDNUTS”
Claim · model-written summary
Aspergillus wentii predominated in dry-season samples from Cidolog and Sukabumi.
- Taxon
- GROUNDNUTSt0
- Interactor
- Aspergillus wentiiAspergillus wentiie0pathogen
- Outcome
- predominant fungie0
- Setting
- Cidolog and Sukabumie0
Verbatim
e0“The predominant fungi in samples collected from Cidolog and Sukabumi during the dry season were Aspergillus wentii”
t0“GROUNDNUTS”
Claim · model-written summary
A. niger predominated in dry-season samples from Cianjur and Bogor.
- Taxon
- GROUNDNUTSt0
- Interactor
- A. niger
Aspergillus nigere0pathogen - Outcome
- A. nigere0
- Setting
- Cianjur and Bogore0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“those collected from Cianjur and Bogor were A. niger”
t0“GROUNDNUTS”
Claim · model-written summary
A. wentii infected 30-100% of Cidolog kernels.
Verbatim
e0“kernels infected by A. wentii in samples collected from Cidolog and Sukabumi were between 30-100% and 36-100%, respectively”
t0“GROUNDNUTS”
Claim · model-written summary
A. wentii infected 36-100% of Sukabumi kernels.
Verbatim
e0“kernels infected by A. wentii in samples collected from Cidolog and Sukabumi were between 30-100% and 36-100%, respectively”
t0“GROUNDNUTS”
Claim · model-written summary
A. niger infected 34-93% of Cianjur kernels.
Verbatim
e0“kernels infected by A. nigerin samples collected from Cianjur and Bogor were between 34-93% and 14-98%, respectively”
t0“GROUNDNUTS”
Claim · model-written summary
A. niger infected 14-98% of Bogor kernels.
Verbatim
e0“kernels infected by A. nigerin samples collected from Cianjur and Bogor were between 34-93% and 14-98%, respectively”
t0“GROUNDNUTS”
Claim · model-written summary
A. flavus predominated at all locations in wet-season groundnut samples.
- Taxon
- GROUNDNUTSt0
- Interactor
- A. flavus
Aspergillus flavuse0pathogen - Outcome
- predominant fungie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The predominant fungi in samples collected from each location during the wet season were A. flavus”
t0“GROUNDNUTS”
Claim · model-written summary
Bogor had the highest A. flavus kernel infection, 83-100%.
- Taxon
- GROUNDNUTSt0
- Interactor
- A. flavusAspergillus flavuse1pathogen
- Outcome
- percentage of kernels infected by the funguse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 83-100%e0
- Setting
- Bogore0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“percentage of kernels infected by the fungus in samples collected from Bogor was the highest (83-100%)”
e1“were A. flavus”
t0“GROUNDNUTS”